Engaging Science Technology and Society最新文献_第7页

Representing Race in Graphs: W.E.B. Du Bois, Corporate Bureaucrats, and Visualization Strategies for Change 用图表表示种族:W.E.B.杜波依斯、公司官僚和变革的可视化策略

IF 1.8

Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.565

L. Arciniega

{"title":"Representing Race in Graphs: W.E.B. Du Bois, Corporate Bureaucrats, and Visualization Strategies for Change","authors":"L. Arciniega","doi":"10.17351/ests2021.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2021.565","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I draw together W. E. B. Du Bois and corporate bureaucrats to compare the graphical representation of race across three distinct racial epochs: the Progressive, Civil Rights, and post-1980s neoliberal era. I illustrate how, through visual and rhetorical strategies, corporate bureaucrats extend a Du Boisian legacy in constructing popular knowledge of race and racism. I show how they do this by making whiteness visible through data visualizations and rhetorically bundling them to liberal American values of equal opportunity. In examining them as epistemic and semiotic objects, I argue that graphical representations of race compel the enactment of meaningful strategies seen to challenge racial inequalities in the workplace. Yet, insofar as these are employed to equate racism with the absence of equal opportunity in capitalist firms, I argue, they also mask whiteness and reproduce systemic racism. The graphical representation of race, in effect, reveals how the practices of knowledge production and processes of signification are entangled in everyday corporate bureaucracies. Thus, I suggest that we need to reject analytical binaries that pose a bounded distinction between “business” and “social justice” to extend research into the cultural production and productive enactment of racial materiality.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47574362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Democratic Shaping of Technology: Its Rise, Fall and Possible Rebirth 技术的民主塑造：它的兴衰与可能的再生

IF 1.8

Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.825

L. Winner

{"title":"The Democratic Shaping of Technology: Its Rise, Fall and Possible Rebirth","authors":"L. Winner","doi":"10.17351/ests2021.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2021.825","url":null,"abstract":"In the 2020 Prague Virtual Conference of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Langdon Winner was awarded the society’s John D. Bernal Prize jointly with Sharon Traweek. The Bernal Prize is awarded annually to individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the field of STS. Prize recipients include founders of the field of STS, along with outstanding scholars who have devoted their careers to the understanding of the social dimensions of science and technology. This essay comprises Winner’s acceptance speech and is followed by a short postscript written in 2021. The postscript captures a brief reflection on the upheavals of the COVID-19 pandemic and the US election results which shifted the US to a Biden administration. \u0000In their award statement, the Bernal Prize committee noted: “Winner’s most cited article “Do Artifacts Have Politics?” of 1980 has inspired a wide spectrum of critique and analysis of technological arrangements as, among other things, political orderings of our society. Since then, his career has focused on the political dimensions of science and technology, technology policy and the politics of technology. Winner has addressed key intellectual questions of classical and modern political theory in order to debate how order, power, freedom, authority and justice had resonance within technological devices. More specifically, he has brought a new dimension into the field by addressing how these classic questions in political theory are often deeply embedded in technical and material frameworks. His work emphasizes that “because technological innovation is inextricably linked to processes of social reconstruction, any society that hopes to control its own structural evolution must confront each significant set of technological possibilities with scrupulous care.”","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41860104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial Note of Farewell and Gratitude to ESTS Reviewers 《告别并感谢est审稿人》编者按

IF 1.8

Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.849

D. Kleinman, K. Vann

引用次数: 0

Social Dynamics of Expectations and Expertise: AI in Digital Humanitarian Innovation 期望和专业知识的社会动力学：数字人道主义创新中的人工智能

IF 1.8

Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.459

G. Dandurand, François Claveau, J. Dube, Florence Millerand

引用次数: 1

Breathing Late Industrialism 呼吸后期工业化

IF 1.8

Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.673

C. Ahmann, Alison Kenner

引用次数: 12

Breathless in Beijing: Aerial Attunements and China’s New Respiratory Publics 北京的呼吸:空气调节和中国的新呼吸公众

IF 1.8

Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.437

Victoria O. Nguyen

{"title":"Breathless in Beijing: Aerial Attunements and China’s New Respiratory Publics","authors":"Victoria O. Nguyen","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.437","url":null,"abstract":"For all of its protean and ephemeral qualities, air exerts a remarkably muscular influence on urban form and contemporary life in China. In recent years, as the breakneck speed of China’s development has altered the very chemistry of the atmosphere, the boundaries between breathing subjects and their toxic environments have become increasingly blurred. In this climate, Beijing inhabitants have sought out various modes of respiratory refuge, reorganizing the city into new spaces of atmospheric fortification. As deadly air divides Beijing into a series of protected insides and precarious outsides, life is increasingly being reoriented toward the dangers and imperatives of breathing in the Chinese city. Yet alongside the growing stratification of breathing experiences in the capital, shared exposure is also reconfiguring public life and landscapes through new solidarities and entwined fates. Engaging Beijing’s emergent respiratory publics online, behind face masks, and inside conditioned air spaces, I explore how collective exposure is galvanizing new modes of atmospheric recognition in China. Specifically, I suggest that respiratory publics make invisible threats visible by mobilizing everyday objects, practices, and social life to render air both an object of concern and a site of intervention. Ultimately, by attending to how attunements to air pollution emerge through everyday practices and quotidian habits, this article expands upon a growing body of STS scholarship investigating how social life is increasingly constituted in and through atmospheric entanglements.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"439-461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46023946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Toxic Gaslighting: On the Ins and Outs of Pollution 有毒气体照明：污染的来龙去脉

IF 1.8

Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.431

Liza Grandia

{"title":"Toxic Gaslighting: On the Ins and Outs of Pollution","authors":"Liza Grandia","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.431","url":null,"abstract":"Outdoor images predominate in cultural conceptions of “air pollution,” whilst indoor air quality (IAQ) is typically tenfold more contaminated. Recent nonprofit research revealed that “green label” carpet contains up to 44 hazardous substances. How and why do school administrators not know this? When people speak colloquially about “toxic” schools, they typically refer to social environments whose power dynamics are manipulated by difficult people (bullies, narcissists, gaslighters, etc.). In this article, I borrow the cultural concept of gaslighting to query how and why the literal off-gassing of banal objects like carpet have escaped scientific inquiry. In dialogue with recent innovative air studies in California that blur the boundaries of in/outdoor pollution, this auto-ethnographic paper chronicles a carpet controversy at “Beacon” Elementary, a bilingual school in the Central Valley. Even as outdoor smoke from California wildfires in 2017 pushed PM2.5 levels past red into unprecedented magenta alerts, children were sickened inside school classrooms after new carpets were laid in 2017. By “outing” internal school board communication through repeated public records requests, Beacon mothers discovered how a chemical risk manager on the board manipulated confusion about patterns of pollution to dismiss the mothers’ citizen science of the chemical abuse of their children. When pollution occurs out-of-sight (in locked classrooms) or affects groups rarely studied in exposure (minors), institutions can easily deploy gaslighting techniques of doubt, denial, and disavowal of the chemical abuse of children. Given the slow (Nixon 2011), delayed, incremental, and “gaslighted” nature of modern chemical violence, even those harmed by chronic pollution may misrecognize the symptoms; those that do recognize the symptoms may be perceived or portrayed as delusional in stories worthy of Hollywood noir.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45076658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Aggregate Airs: Atmospheres of Oil and Gas in the Greater Chaco 聚集的空气:在大查科的石油和天然气的大气

IF 1.8

Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.423

Sonia Grant

{"title":"Aggregate Airs: Atmospheres of Oil and Gas in the Greater Chaco","authors":"Sonia Grant","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.423","url":null,"abstract":"In the Greater Chaco region of northwest New Mexico, new fracking technologies are stirring up lands, chemicals, and relations that concentrate attention in the surround. This article argues that extraction’s cumulative atmospheric effects are experienced by Diné residents of the region in ways that cannot be accounted for by the agencies that manage oil and gas. The state’s presumption of atmospheric commensurability is reinforced by techniques of settler governance that fragment ecological and ontological domains like air and land. This fragmentation often preempts the possibility for Indigenous claims to meaningfully disrupt administrative or judicial actions. Unfolding extraction’s atmospheres across three cases, I examine how scale mediates the problem of commensurability. I describe how prevailing approaches to regulating impacts of the oil and gas industry manipulate scale in ways that obscure the cumulative effects of extraction. Drawing on fieldwork with Diné residents of the region who have mobilized to study how fracking affects their wellbeing, and I show how this scalar work facilitates the commensuration of extraction’s impacts across Indigenous and non-Indigenous worlds––as well as when this commensuration fails.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48358906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Commentary: Breathing Together Now 评论：现在一起呼吸

IF 1.8

Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.771

T. Choy

引用次数: 7

Atmospheric Coalitions: Shifting the Middle in Late Industrial Baltimore 大气联盟：巴尔的摩晚工业区的中部转移

IF 1.8

Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.421

C. Ahmann

{"title":"Atmospheric Coalitions: Shifting the Middle in Late Industrial Baltimore","authors":"C. Ahmann","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.421","url":null,"abstract":"STS scholars offer the atmosphere as an antidote to the homogenizing Anthropocene. They teach us that atmospheres are good to think because they are both diffuse and differential; they reflect the scale of planetary problems without forgetting that those problems manifest unevenly. The atmosphere has, then, become a useful tool for theory work. But it is also being picked up on the ground as a model for grassroots coalition building. This article follows one group we might call an atmospheric coalition, which coalesced to fight a trash incinerator proposed in south Baltimore City. That incinerator would have had a major impact on the local air, particularly due to heavy-metal toxics that land close to their source. But it also would have affected a large regional airshed and released thousands of tons of greenhouse gases. Taking a cue from these multi-scalar impacts, the coalition to stop the incinerator both used the medium of air to trouble insider/outsider dichotomies and valued an uneven distribution of power, letting youth from the frontline community lead. Participants, in other words, built a flexible alliance—and they utilized its flexibility. Sometimes it was advantageous to call the incinerator “everyone’s problem.” Sometimes it was necessary to underscore its differential effects on local people. And sometimes the transience of atmospheric claims worked to transfer jurisdiction over the plant from one group to another. In the process of exploring these maneuvers, I argue that activists used the atmosphere to define a problem-space with pliant parameters of authority and vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49103762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7