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Engaging Science Technology and Society最新文献

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Labor Out of Place: On the Varieties and Valences of (In)visible Labor in Data-Intensive Science 错位的劳动:论数据密集型科学中可见劳动的种类和价值
IF 1.8
Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-01-24 DOI: 10.17351/ESTS2020.341
Michael Scroggins, Irene V. Pasquetto
{"title":"Labor Out of Place: On the Varieties and Valences of (In)visible Labor in Data-Intensive Science","authors":"Michael Scroggins, Irene V. Pasquetto","doi":"10.17351/ESTS2020.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ESTS2020.341","url":null,"abstract":"We apply the concept of invisible labor, as developed by labor scholars over the last forty years, to data-intensive science. Drawing on a fifteen-year corpus of research into multiple domains of data-intensive science, we use a series of ethnographic vignettes to offer a snapshot of the varieties and valences of labor in data-intensive science. We conceptualize data-intensive science as an evolving field and set of practices and highlight parallels between the labor literature and Science and Technology Studies. Further, we note where data-intensive science intersects and overlaps with broader trends in the 21st century economy. In closing, we argue for further research that takes scientific work and labor as its starting point.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47084049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
STS Currents against the “Anti-Science” Tide 反对“反科学”浪潮的STS潮流
IF 1.8
Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.305
Abby Kinchy
{"title":"STS Currents against the “Anti-Science” Tide","authors":"Abby Kinchy","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.305","url":null,"abstract":"This essay considers some possible relationships that STS scholars can have with activists who are resisting attacks on environmental science. STS scholars can document the counter-currents to the “anti-science” moment, work in partnership with activists outside of academia, use access to institutional resources to give environmental movements strength, use STS research to help activists better understand the policy process and the history of science funding, and help people to develop a sociological imagination about science and the environment.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"76-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44025819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Du Boisian Propaganda, Foucauldian Genealogy, and Antiracism in STS Research 杜波依斯式宣传、傅柯式宗谱与STS研究中的反种族主义
IF 1.8
Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.311
Anthony Ryan Hatch
{"title":"Du Boisian Propaganda, Foucauldian Genealogy, and Antiracism in STS Research","authors":"Anthony Ryan Hatch","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.311","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores the relationships between the “new” anti-science formation under Trump and the kinds of anti-Black racisms we are experiencing at present. What appears at first glance to be a new anti-science formation, isn’t new at all, but old wine in new cloth, all dressed up to confound and distract our gaze from power. The vast majority of Black and Brown people are not surprised nor fooled by Donald Trump and the danger he represents to truth, to our lives, to our precious Earth. For that matter, how are STS scholars working to produce anti-racist knowledge that directly benefits Black people? In this commentary, I briefly respond to these questions by exploring how wildly contrasting accounts of propaganda, truth, and science by W.E.B. Du Bois and Michel Foucault might help STS scholars make sense of the relationship between anti-Black racism and the current anti-science moment in American society.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47268894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Drought, Hurricane, or Wildfire? Assessing the Trump Administration’s Anti-Science Disaster 干旱、飓风还是野火？评估特朗普政府的反科学灾难
IF 1.8
Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.297
S. Frickel, C. Rea
{"title":"Drought, Hurricane, or Wildfire? Assessing the Trump Administration’s Anti-Science Disaster","authors":"S. Frickel, C. Rea","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.297","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the Trump Administration as an “anti-science disaster” and approach study of the phenomenon as other disaster researchers might study the impacts of a drought, hurricane, or wildfire. An important, but rare, element of disaster research is identification of baseline data that allow scientific assessment of changes in social and natural systems. We describe three potential baselines for assessing the nature and impact of Trump’s anti-science rhetoric and (in)action on science, science policy, and politics.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"66-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42174480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Low-Carbon Research: Building a Greener and More Inclusive Academy 低碳研究：建设一所更环保、更包容的学院
IF 1.8
Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.363
A. Pasek
{"title":"Low-Carbon Research: Building a Greener and More Inclusive Academy","authors":"A. Pasek","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.363","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines how the fossil fuel energy regimes that support contemporary academic norms in turn shape and constrain knowledge production. High-carbon research methods and exchanges, particularly those that depend on aviation, produce distinct exclusions and incentives that could be reformed in the transition to a low-carbon academy. Drawing on feminist STS, alternative modes of collective research creation and collaboration are outlined, along with an assessment of their potential challenges and gains. This commentary concludes with several recommendations for incremental and institutional changes, along with a call for scholars of social and technical systems to uniquely contribute to this transition.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43672263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Science and Democracy Reconsidered 重新思考科学与民主
IF 1.8
Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.383
Joseph Harris
{"title":"Science and Democracy Reconsidered","authors":"Joseph Harris","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.383","url":null,"abstract":"To what extent is the normative commitment of STS to the democratization of science a product of the democratic contexts where it is most often produced? STS scholars have historically offered a powerful critical lens through which to understand the social construction of science, and seminal contributions in this area have outlined ways in which citizens have improved both the conduct of science and its outcomes. Yet, with few exceptions, it remains that most STS scholarship has eschewed study of more problematic cases of public engagement of science in rich, supposedly mature Western democracies, as well as examination of science-making in poorer, sometimes non-democratic contexts. How might research on problematic cases and dissimilar political contexts traditionally neglected by STS scholars push the field forward in new ways? This paper responds to themes that came out of papers from two Eastern Sociological Society Presidential Panels on Science and Technology Studies in an Era of Anti-Science. It considers implications of the normative commitment by sociologists working in the STS tradition to the democratization of science.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46672378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Enchanted Determinism: Power without Responsibility in Artificial Intelligence 魔法决定论:人工智能中没有责任的权力
IF 1.8
Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.277
Alexander Campolo, K. Crawford
{"title":"Enchanted Determinism: Power without Responsibility in Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Alexander Campolo, K. Crawford","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.277","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning techniques are growing in popularity within the field of artificial intelligence (AI). These approaches identify patterns in large scale datasets, and make classifications and predictions, which have been celebrated as more accurate than those of humans. But for a number of reasons, including nonlinear path from inputs to outputs, there is a dearth of theory that can explain why deep learning techniques work so well at pattern detection and prediction. Claims about “superhuman” accuracy and insight, paired with the inability to fully explain how these results are produced, form a discourse about AI that we call enchanted determinism . To analyze enchanted determinism, we situate it within a broader epistemological diagnosis of modernity: Max Weber’s theory of disenchantment. Deep learning occupies an ambiguous position in this framework. On one hand, it represents a complex form of technological calculation and prediction, phenomena Weber associated with disenchantment. On the other hand, both deep learning experts and observers deploy enchanted, magical discourses to describe these systems’ uninterpretable mechanisms and counter-intuitive behavior. The combination of predictive accuracy and mysterious or unexplainable properties results in myth-making about deep learning’s transcendent, superhuman capacities, especially when it is applied in social settings. We analyze how discourses of magical deep learning produce techno-optimism, drawing on case studies from game-playing, adversarial examples, and attempts to infer sexual orientation from facial images. Enchantment shields the creators of these systems from accountability while its deterministic, calculative power intensifies social processes of classification and control.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46513365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 89
From Sideline to Frontline: STS in the Trump Era 从副业到一线:特朗普时代的STS
IF 1.8
Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.385
D. Kleinman
{"title":"From Sideline to Frontline: STS in the Trump Era","authors":"D. Kleinman","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.385","url":null,"abstract":"The Trump presidency and its relationship to science and truth have prompted considerable reflection as well as significant action by STS scholars.  Among those thinking, speaking, and acting are the authors of the articles in this thematic collection.  This brief introduction summarizes the major strands in each of the articles, placing them in the context of current political trends.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"45-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43115474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Upgraded to Obsolescence: Age Intervention in the Era of Biohacking 升级为过时：生物黑客时代的年龄干预
IF 1.8
Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.361
Kirsten L. Ellison
{"title":"Upgraded to Obsolescence: Age Intervention in the Era of Biohacking","authors":"Kirsten L. Ellison","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.361","url":null,"abstract":"Popularized by DIY scientists and quantified-selfers, the language of “biohacking” has become increasingly prevalent in anti-aging discourse. Presented with speculative futures of superhuman health and longevity, consumers and patients are invited to “hack” the aging process, reducing age to one of the many programs, or rather “bugs” that can be re-written, removed, and rendered obsolete. Drawing on recent examples from popular media and anti-aging promotional materials, I explore how the language of biohacking signals an orientation to the body that denies the acceptability of a body that is anything but optimal. In the endless strive towards the latest and greatest, the language of biohacking renders the old body obsolete, standing as nothing more than a relic of an outdated operating system.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43929605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
We Have Never Been Anti-Science: Reflections on Science Wars and Post-Truth 我们从来没有反科学:对科学战争和后真理的反思
IF 1.8
Engaging Science Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.309
M. Lynch
{"title":"We Have Never Been Anti-Science: Reflections on Science Wars and Post-Truth","authors":"M. Lynch","doi":"10.17351/ests2020.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.309","url":null,"abstract":"This essay addresses the so-called \"post-truth\" era in which scientific evidence of, for example, climate change, is given little weight compared to more immediate appeals to emotion and belief, and examines the relationship of alleged anti-science and populist irrationality to left- and right-wing political alignments.  It also addresses charges of anti-science that were once leveled at Science and Technology Studies (STS) itself, and particularly in relation to the “symmetrical” posture taken toward scientific controversies.  Recently, \"symmetry\" in STS has been linked to the media conventions and argumentative strategies that have sustained controversies over climate change and other health and safety concerns.  This essay argues that \"symmetry\" was originally set up in a circumscribed way to encourage research on controversies, but that it does not amount to a general conclusion to the effect that science is no different from any other system of belief.  Instead, an effort to pursue \"symmetrical\" research on scientific controversies can document how, far from being displaced from all relevance, scientific authority and its institutional supports are being duplicated along parallel tracks which sustain disputes and delay concerted action.","PeriodicalId":44976,"journal":{"name":"Engaging Science Technology and Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41673135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
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