Heat Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of Refractance Window Drying for Nutrient-Rich Mushroom Slices: A Comparative Study With Convective and Solar Drying","authors":"Chitesh Kumar,&nbsp;Manpreet Singh,&nbsp;Ruchika Zalpouri,&nbsp;Preetinder Kaur,&nbsp;Sukhmeet Singh","doi":"10.1002/htj.23340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.23340","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to optimize the drying parameters for mushroom slices using the refractance window drying (RWD) method, addressing the challenge of preserving both the quality and efficiency of drying in mushroom processing. By evaluating various pretreatment options and refining the drying conditions, the research sought to identify the most effective approach for enhancing the physico-chemical parameters of the dried mushroom slices. The effects of water temperature (70°C, 80°C, and 90°C), slice thickness (2, 4, and 6 mm), and potassium metabisulphite (KMS) concentration (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) were analyzed for the same. The highest drying rate was achieved with 2 mm slices at 90°C, with rates decreasing as temperature lowered or slice thickness increased. Using a Box-Behnken design in response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal parameters were identified as 90°C water temperature, 6 mm slice thickness, and 1.01% KMS concentration. The best results for total color difference, phenolic content, bulk density, antioxidant activity, and protein content were found in RWD samples. Compared with three-stage convective tray drying and solar drying, RWD produced samples with superior drying rates, lower moisture, better rehydration, and higher protein and antioxidant content, especially for pretreated samples.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44939,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer","volume":"54 7","pages":"4179-4193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Mass Transfer and Chemical Reaction on MHD Flow Through a Porous Medium Past an Exponentially Accelerated Vertical Plate With Thermal Stratification and Radiation","authors":"Rakesh Rabha,&nbsp;Rudra K. Deka","doi":"10.1002/htj.23353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.23353","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An investigation of transient magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow, heat, and mass transfer through an exponentially accelerated vertical plate through a porous environment under the influence of a heat source and radiation has been conducted. The uniqueness of the current study is that it examines the effects of different parameters under the influence of thermal stratification. The fundamental equations have been solved using the Laplace transformation technique to accurately represent the flow problem. The results of the flow problems are studied for both the cases with and without stratification to understand the problem clearly. The steady state is attained quickly in the presence of stratification, in comparison to that without stratification. The effects of permeability of the porous medium and the magnetic field are examined. The novelty of this study is the analysis of the flow of MHD through a porous medium in the presence of radiation, thermal stratification, and chemical reaction through an exponentially accelerated vertical plate. This study may be motivated by the need to improve our knowledge of fluid flow in a variety of engineering and environmental contexts where these kinds of conditions are common, such as thermal management, geothermal energy extraction, and chemical processing industries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44939,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer","volume":"54 5","pages":"3208-3219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Radiative Magnetoviscoelastic Micropolar Flow External to a Sphere With a Convective Boundary Surface Condition","authors":"S. Abdul Gaffar,&nbsp;O. Anwar Bég,&nbsp;P. Ramesh Reddy,&nbsp;Asra Anjum,&nbsp;Tasveera A. Bég,&nbsp;S. Kuharat","doi":"10.1002/htj.23344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.23344","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increasing attention is being paid to the study of the heat transfer properties of non-Newtonian fluids as a result of their growing use in many industrial and manufacturing processes. Micropolar fluids have garnered a lot of interest for potential industrial uses because of their distinctive microstructures. Both viscoelastic and microstructural characteristics of the non-Newtonian fluid make it mimic several polymers. Motivated by magnetic polymer coating dynamics operations, in this article, thermoconvective nonlinear, steady-state boundary layer flow of an incompressible third-grade viscoelastic micropolar fluid from an isothermal sphere with magnetic field and thermal radiation is investigated theoretically and numerically. The micropolar model incorporates microelement gyratory (rotating) motions and accurately simulates complex polymeric suspensions. An accurate implicit finite-difference Keller-Box method of second order is used to solve numerically the modified nondimensional conservation equations under physically suitable boundary conditions. Verification of the code is conducted using previous special cases of the model from the literature. The impacts of several nondimensional parameters, that is, third-grade viscoelastic parameter (<i>ϕ</i>), third-grade material fluid parameters (<i>ε</i>₁, <i>ε</i>₂), Biot number (<i>γ</i>), thermal radiation parameter (<i>R</i>), Prandtl number (<i>Pr</i>), magnetic parameter (<i>M</i>), micropolar material parameter (<i>V</i>), Eringen vortex viscosity parameter (<i>K</i>), and dimensionless tangential coordinate (<i>ξ</i>) on linear (translational) velocity, angular velocity, and temperature distributions are computed and depicted graphically. Additionally, the impacts of selected parameters on skin friction, wall couple stress (wall angular velocity gradient), and Nusselt number (wall heat transfer rate) are also examined. As the third-grade parameter (<i>ϕ</i>) increases, velocity accelerates farther away from the sphere surface while decelerating close to it. The oscillatory response of microrotation (angular) velocity indicates a reverse spin of the microelements. Increasing the Eringen micropolar coupling parameter <i>K</i> (i.e., the ratio of Newtonian dynamic viscosity to Eringen vortex viscosity) causes the flow to accelerate farther away from the wall while decreasing velocity closer to it. Skin friction and wall couple stress are both increased, while the local Nusselt number is depleted with higher values of the Eringen micropolar coupling parameter. With an elevation in thermal Biot number (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>γ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math>), there is a marked increase in Nusselt number and skin friction, whereas the wall couple stress (sphere surface microrotation","PeriodicalId":44939,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer","volume":"54 5","pages":"3112-3133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive Investigation of Hydrothermal Flow and Heat Performance Improvement in a 3D Tube Based on Varying Concavity Dimple and Corrugation Turbulator Configurations","authors":"Saad Raad Al-Haidari,&nbsp;Ahmed Ramadhan Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.1002/htj.23346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.23346","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored the influence of geometric parameters on corrugated tube heat exchangers under turbulent flow conditions. Eighteen different configurations were evaluated using both numerical simulations and experimental methods. The simulations, ranging from Reynolds numbers of 4000 to 15,000, analyzed various tube diameters, shapes, and disturbances. Results demonstrated that dimpled tube configurations significantly enhanced heat transfer compared with smooth tubes. The best performance, a pressure drop efficiency of 1.41 at a Reynolds number of 4000, was achieved with 2-mm dimples spaced 20 mm apart in an in-line pattern. Validation of the numerical results against experimental data demonstrated a high level of accuracy. The maximum deviation for the Nusselt number was 12% in smooth tubes and 15% in dimpled tubes. The maximum deviation for the friction factor was 6.1% in smooth tubes and 8.3% in dimpled tubes. The numerical model accurately represented the full dimensions of a commercial heat exchanger. Grid independence tests were conducted using a three-dimensional unstructured. To ensure accurate results, the study used a tetrahedral mesh and a Realizable <i>k</i>–<i>ε</i> turbulence model in its simulations. The findings revealed that corrugated tubes with various ring and dimple configurations dramatically enhanced heat transfer. Specifically, tubes with diameter rings, distance between rings, dimpled-ring diameters, and distance between dimple rings achieved maximum enhancements of 45.5%, 35.009%, 67.95%, and 58.42%, respectively. Furthermore, dimpled tubes with different diameters and distances also outperformed smooth tubes, showing heat transfer increases of 42% and 38.8%. The optimized dimpled tube design offers a promising approach for improving heat exchanger performance while minimizing pressure drop. Future research can build upon these findings to further refine and optimize corrugated tube heat exchanger technology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44939,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer","volume":"54 5","pages":"3134-3162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed Convective Heat Transfer Characteristic in Vented Cavity Under Dynamic Flow Modulation by CFD and Neural Network Model Approaches","authors":"Md. Abid Al Morshed,&nbsp;Nazmin Akter Mini,&nbsp;Md. Azizul Hakim,&nbsp;Mohammad Nasim Hasan","doi":"10.1002/htj.23349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.23349","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two prominent tools of current engineering research: computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and neural network (NN) model are employed to investigate the mixed convection phenomenon within a representative compact thermal system. The thermal system of interest is a vented cavity with inlet and outlet ports incorporating a rotating cylinder as a dynamic flow modulator. The dynamic state of the modulator is characterized by speed ratio (<i>ψ</i>)—a ratio of the cylinder's peripheral speed to the mean intake air velocity. The governing mass, momentum, and energy equations are discretized and solved in a dimensionless format using the Galerkin finite element method to represent the thermal field and flow field in terms of heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics. These characteristics are investigated using five key parameters, including the dynamic flow conditions which are characterized by Reynolds number (<i>Re</i>), Richardson number (<i>Ri</i>), speed ratio (<i>ψ</i>), and the position of the modulator (<i>x</i>_<i>c</i>, <i>y</i>_<i>c</i>). The accuracy of the CFD model is ensured through validation against established literature. The results obtained from the CFD framework are utilized to construct and compare the performance of two NN models, namely the artificial neural network (ANN) and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), with varying numbers of neurons in the hidden layer and several training algorithms. A notable agreement has been found between the numerical outcomes and the predictions generated by distinct NN models. “Bayesian regulation” (BR) algorithm for ANN and “Trapezoidal membership function” (trimf) for ANFIS yield the most accurate results. Moreover, the research findings indicate that the ANN method may provide a faster and more precise estimation of thermal and pressure drop characteristics compared to the ANFIS method, making it a highly suitable approach for real-time applications in compact thermal systems. An analysis of the Pearson coefficient in the present context highlights that cylinder's position influences both the heat transfer and pressure drop most, with speed ratio, Reynolds number, and Richardson number following in descending order of impact.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44939,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer","volume":"54 5","pages":"3072-3087"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigate the Impact of Employing Dimples in Circular Tubes on Fluid Flow and Thermal Performance","authors":"Ammar A. Hussain Al-Taee,&nbsp;Basim Freegah,&nbsp;Mohammed H. Alhamdo","doi":"10.1002/htj.23350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.23350","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper conducts a numerical investigation on how the degree of dimple pitch around the tube circumference, the distance between dimples along the tube, and the dimple diameter affect the hydrothermal performance under turbulent flow conditions. Dimple tubes provide increased surface area compared to conventional tubes, resulting in improved heat transfer. Furthermore, the overall coefficient of performance of dimple tubes is enhanced by the decreasing Re number and increasing dimple quantity. The dimple tubes' thermal performance and friction coefficients were assessed over the Re number range (2300–10,000). The outcomes indicate improved rates of heat transfer in dimple tubes at the expense of increased pressure loss. The configuration with a 45° dimple angle, 1 mm axial distance along the tube, and 1 mm dimple diameter showed a superior average overall performance factor (OPF) compared to the other configurations, reaching a value of 1.27. Pumping losses increase significantly with increasing dimple diameter. Two equations derived from multiple regression analysis are explored. These equations link the Nu number, and friction factor to parameters including Re number, Pr number, tube dimensions, and dimple properties. This simplifies the prediction of the thermal performance and enhances the study of these systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44939,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer","volume":"54 5","pages":"3088-3101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear and Weakly Nonlinear Study of Magnetoconvection in a Couple-Stress Fluid in the Presence of Suction–Injection–Combination","authors":"J. Meghana,&nbsp;S. Maria Anncy","doi":"10.1002/htj.23351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.23351","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The linear and weakly nonlinear study addresses the impact of a suction–injection–combination (SIC) on magnetoconvection in a couple-stress fluid. Linear stability analysis uses the normal-mode technique to obtain the critical Rayleigh number expression. The autonomous fifth-order Lorenz model is derived for weakly nonlinear analysis using the minimal representation of truncated Fourier series. The heat transport rate is discussed by arriving at a Nusselt number expression by solving the fifth-order autonomous Lorenz model. This study reveals that the couple stress enhances the system's stability and transport of heat under the combined influence of the magnetic field and the SIC. The study concludes that the stability of the system and heat transfer can be controlled by fine-tuning the Peclet number.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44939,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer","volume":"54 5","pages":"3102-3111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Hemispherical Solar Still Performance With Optimal Amount of PCM as a Heat Storage","authors":"Zahraa Hamzah Hasan,&nbsp;Ammar Muslim Hadi,&nbsp;Wisam A. Abd Al-wahid,&nbsp;Dhafer Manea Hachim","doi":"10.1002/htj.23335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.23335","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Solar stills are highly effective tools that assist the transformation of saline brine water into potable freshwater, thereby focusing on critical issues related to water scarcity and quality. The elaborate heat transfer process that occurs inside these stills is fundamentally driven by solar irradiance, which operates as a renewable energy source, allowing the efficient harnessing of thermal energy from the sun. To meaningfully improve the overall productivity and efficiency of these solar still devices, a pioneering enhancement in the evaporative mechanism is applied through the strategic incorporation of paraffin wax positioned beneath the surface of the basin, which functions as a thermal energy storage medium. In the present work, an analytical solution is done to study the performance of a hemispherical solar still with the addition of paraffin wax as phase change material (PCM), by the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2 software. Five values of PCM masses were used: 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 kg. Results show that an increase occurs in both productivity and thermal efficiency. PCM case (1 kg) shows a better enhancement of 123% for thermal efficiency and productivity. The PCM addition was shown to increase the working hours of the still after sunset.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44939,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer","volume":"54 5","pages":"3031-3039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RSM and CFD Procedures for Assessing Free Convection and Entropy Generation Performance in a Porous Cassini Oval Annular Pipe","authors":"Ibrahim K. Alabdaly,&nbsp;Itimad D. J. Azzawi,&nbsp;Amer Al-damook,&nbsp;Wissam H. Khalil","doi":"10.1002/htj.23343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.23343","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Free convection and entropy generation inside a complex annular pipe were vital for different applied thermal engineering systems. The current study investigated the thermal and flow characteristics inside a porous Cassini oval annular pipe, considering response surface methodology (RSM) joint with CFD. The multi-objective optimum design was a novel consideration to improve heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number (<i>Nu</i>_<i>m</i><i>R</i>) and heat transfer rate (<i>QR</i>) with a reduction in entropy generation (<i>EnR</i>) and frictional losses (<i>SFCR</i>) under different design parameters, such as aspect ratio (0.08 ≤ <i>AR</i> ≤ 0.2), angular rotation (0° ≤ <i>θ</i> ≤ 90°), porosity (0.15 ≤ <i>ɛ</i> ≤ 0.95), and pore per inch (10 ≤ <i>PPI</i> ≤ 30). The main data indicate that the aim optimum design is achieved in the enhancement of <i>Nu</i>_<i>m</i><i>R</i> and <i>QR</i> by nearly 23.78 times and the reduction in <i>SCFR</i> by approximately 91.45% with appropriate <i>EnR</i> by about 1.0227 times. This demonstrate the resilience of design's hydrothermal performance under different applied operation temperatures (10 ≤ <i>ΔT</i> ≤ 30). Thus, the multi-objective optimization function is a useful and novel proposed process for optimizing the hydrothermal and entropy performance of a porous Cassini oval annular pipe under several design and operation parameters.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44939,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer","volume":"54 5","pages":"3054-3071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel Optimization Using Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) on Biodiesel and Diesel Blend as an Additive","authors":"Deniz Sütcü,&nbsp;Selman Aydın,&nbsp;Yahya Çelebi,&nbsp;Ahmet Aydın","doi":"10.1002/htj.23338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.23338","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the influence of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) as an additive in biodiesel–diesel mixture on the combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine. Three fuel blends were prepared and tested: pure diesel, 12% waste vegetable biodiesel, 88% diesel (B12), and 12% waste vegetable biodiesel, 88% diesel with KMnO₄ additive (PMB12). Experiments were conducted on single-cylinder, water-cooled, four-stroke diesel engine at 1500 rpm and various load conditions. Results showed that the addition of KMnO₄ enhanced the physicochemical features of the biodiesel–diesel blend. PMB12 exhibited the highest in-cylinder pressure at low and medium loads while heat release rate values were found to be the lowest. It also demonstrated shorter ignition delay and higher mean gas temperature. Adding KMnO₄ deteriorated brake-specific fuel consumption up to 16% compared to diesel. Brake thermal efficiency of the blend with KMnO₄ showed a good performance, obtaining the same value with diesel at low and medium, while it was decreased by 8.6% for PMB12 at high load. Emission analysis revealed that carbon dioxide emissions increased with load but remained relatively stable across the test fuels. Nitrogen oxides were obtained higher up to 14%. Hydrocarbon emissions were varied with load, with B12 and PMB12 showing higher emissions at low and high operations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44939,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer","volume":"54 5","pages":"3040-3053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}