Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Response of children with Turner syndrome with different types of karyotype abnormalities to growth hormone treatment.","authors":"Jung Eun Choi, Mi Jung Park, Jeesuk Yu, Hae Soon Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.2346246.123","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2346246.123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Short stature is the main characteristic of Turner syndrome (TS) patients and growth hormone (GH) therapy has been essential for achieving the final adult height (Ht). In the present study, the response of TS patients with different types of karyotype abnormalities to GH therapy was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical parameters of 194 TS patients registered in the LG Growth Study were retrospectively reviewed. Data for 4 groups of subjects were obtained as follows: monosomy X (n=56); X structural abnormality (n=26); X mosaicism without structural abnormality (n=41); X mosaicism with structural abnormality (n=71). Clinical characteristics and growth response parameters were compared over 3 years of GH treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline Ht standard deviation score (SDS) of all patients was -2.85±0.86. The baseline Ht SDS, body mass index SDS, and chronological age (years)-bone age (years) were significantly different based on chromosomal abnormalities. The growth velocity (GV; cm/yr) in the first year was the highest and significantly different among the groups. The GV in the second year also showed an increase in the X mosaicism without structural abnormality group compared with the monosomy X group. The change in Ht SDS (ΔHt SDS) over 3 years was not statistically different between karyotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The response to 3 years of GH therapy did not differ based on the karyotype of TS patients although the initial Ht SDS was the lowest in the monosomy X group.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 5","pages":"308-315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kazakhstan: clinical manifestations and vaccine efficacy.","authors":"Saule Altynbekova, Zhangentkhan Abylaiuly, Svetlana Bolshakova, Timur Davlyatshin, Aizat Aimakhanova","doi":"10.6065/apem.2346228.114","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2346228.114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this article, we report the results of a survey investigating post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the impacts of vaccination on long-term manifestations. From February 2022 to April 2023, a survey of patients with type 2 diabetes and people without diabetes who were treated for a coronavirus infection was conducted in Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were invited via social media to voluntarily participate in this study. A total of 417 surveys were included in this study, comprising 212 patients with type 2 diabetes and 205 without diabetes. We compared persistent complaints after recovery in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as vaccination status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study on self-reported symptoms of prolonged COVID show that more than half of those infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Kazakhstan have at least one persistent symptom after recovery. Based on the list of prolonged COVID-19 symptoms reported by patients with type 2 DM (T2DM), exertional dyspnoea, fatigue, respiratory discomfort, headaches, and sleep disturbances are among the most common ongoing conditions, and in many cases last more than 3 months after COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with T2DM experience more severe and prolonged symptoms than those without diabetes. Additionally, vaccination lowers COVID-19 hospitalization risk and decreases the need for adjusting hypoglycemic therapy, such as insulin treatment, after recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 5","pages":"325-336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of growth hormone stimulation tests in prepubertal children with short stature according to response to growth hormone replacement.","authors":"Seong Hwan Chang, Chan Jong Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.2346234.117","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2346234.117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Growth hormone (GH) stimulation tests are essential tools for diagnosing GH deficiency (GHD). We aimed to compare L-dopa, insulin, and arginine-induced stimulation tests based on response to GH replacement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected data from a review of patients who underwent the GH stimulation test. A total of 138 patients diagnosed with idiopathic short stature were categorized into group I. The remaining 135 patients, who were diagnosed with GHD and treated for 1 year, were classified into 2 subgroups: group IIa, consisting of patients with an increase of at least 0.5 in height standard deviation score (SDS), and group IIb, patients with an increase of less than 0.5 in height SDS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the initial visit, group IIa exhibited significantly lower insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGF-BP3) and higher body mass index (BMI) SDS compared to the other groups. Following 1 year of treatment, group IIb showed significantly lower height SDS, height SDS gain, growth velocity, predicted adult height SDS, weight SDS, and a higher insulin-like growth factor-1 SDS than group IIa. Bone age and IGF-BP3 were inversely associated, and BMI SDS and IGF-BP3 were positively associated with height SDS gain in GHD patients. The specificity and accuracy rates were 50.3% and 70.3% for the L-dopa-induced stimulation test, 72.3% and 86.6% for the insulin tolerance test (ITT), and 64.7% and 87.2% for the arginine-induced stimulation test (ArST).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ArST demonstrated lower specificity compared to the ITT. However, patients undergoing ArST experienced fewer side effects, suggesting that a careful selection of stimulation tests is crucial in diagnosing GHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 5","pages":"316-324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compound heterozygous variants in the ABCG5 gene in a Korean boy with sitosterolemia.","authors":"Ga Young Bae, Insung Kim, Juyoung Sung, JiHoon Hwang, Min-Sun Kim, Ji-Hye Park, Sung Yoon Cho","doi":"10.6065/apem.2348030.015","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2348030.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 5","pages":"344-346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term tracking of glycosylated hemoglobin levels across the lifespan in type 1 diabetes: from infants to young adults.","authors":"Sujin Kim, Seo Jung Kim, Kyoung Won Cho, Kyungchul Song, Myeongseob Lee, Junghwan Suh, Hyun Wook Chae, Ho-Seong Kim, Ahreum Kwon","doi":"10.6065/apem.2346180.090","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2346180.090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is commonly used as a monitoring tool in diabetes. Due to the potential influence of insulin resistance (IR), HbA1c level may fluctuate over a person's lifetime. This study explores the long-term tracking of HbA1c level in individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from infancy to early adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The HbA1c levels in 275 individuals (121 males, 43.8%) diagnosed with T1DM were tracked for an average of 9.4 years. The distribution of HbA1c levels was evaluated according to age with subgroups divided by gender, use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and the presence of complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HbA1c levels were highest at the age of 1 year and then declined until age 4, followed by a significant increase, reaching a maximum at ages 15-16 years. The levels subsequently gradually decreased until early adulthood. This pattern was observed in both sexes, but it was more pronounced in females. Additionally, HbA1c levels were higher in CGM nonusers compared with CGM users; however, regardless of CGM usage, an age-dependent pattern was observed. Furthermore, diabetic complications occurred in 26.8% of individuals, and the age-dependent pattern was observed irrespective of diabetic complications, although HbA1c levels were higher in individuals with diabetic complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HbA1c levels vary throughout the lifespan, with higher levels during adolescence. This trend is observed regardless of sex and CGM usage, potentially due to physiological IR observed during adolescence. Hence, physiological IR should be considered when interpretating HbA1c levels during adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on serum vitamin D concentration in Korean children.","authors":"Jinjoo Choi, Yunsoo Choe, Kyeongmi Lee, Nayoung Kim, Seung Yang","doi":"10.6065/apem.2346196.098","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2346196.098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Social distancing policies and school closures in South Korea induced by coronavirus disease 2019 have raised concerns about a lower chance of exposure to sunlight in children and adolescents. This study investigates changes in the vitamin D status of children and adolescents following the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study includes healthy children aged 3-18 years who visited Hanyang University Hospitals in Seoul or Guri during pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods. August 2017 to July 2019 is defined as the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period, while the period from July 2020 to July 2021 is defined as post-COVID-19 or \"during the pandemic.\" Propensity scores were used to match the prepandemic and pandemic groups 1:1 based on age, sex, season of blood collection, and body mass index z-score to compare vitamin D status among subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 786 eligible children, 506 were matched using propensity scores. There were no significant differences in mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) levels (20.1±6.5 ng/mL vs. 19.9±6.3 ng/mL, P>0.05) or vitamin D deficiency rates (53.0% vs. 54.9%, P>0.05) between the prepandemic and pandemic groups. Seasonal analysis revealed lower mean serum 25(OH)D levels during the pandemic in winter/spring seasons in comparison to these levels in subjects in prepandemic winter/spring seasons (19.1±3.8 ng/mL vs. 17.2±3.7 ng/mL, P=0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean children and adolescents showed similar serum 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D status to the prepandemic period, with a significant decrease in these measures observed in winter/spring seasons only. Prolonged confinement, such as in pandemic circumstances, underscores the need for vigilant monitoring of vitamin D status and supplementation, particularly in high-risk seasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"220-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between metabolically healthy obesity and carotid intima-media thickness in Korean adolescents with overweight and obesity.","authors":"Sohyun Shin, Hwa Young Kim, Joowon Lee, Young Jin Ryu, Ji Young Kim, Jaehyun Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.2346192.096","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2346192.096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Data regarding the association between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and preclinical atherosclerosis in childhood are lacking. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a noninvasive method used to assess cardiovascular risk. This study examined the relationships among cIMT, metabolic phenotypes, and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in overweight and obese adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Anthropometric, biochemical, and cIMT data were collected. The study participants were categorized as MHO or metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) based on insulin resistance. CMRFs were assessed using blood pressure (BP); levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and fasting plasma glucose; or a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Differences in cIMT values were evaluated according to the metabolic phenotype and factors associated with cIMT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 111 participants (80 boys, 72.1%), 23 (20.7%) were classified as MHO and 88 (79.3%) as MUO. The MHO group exhibited lower glycated hemoglobin and triglyceride levels and higher HDL-C levels compared to those exhibited by the MUO group (all P<0.01). The cIMT values did not differ significantly between the MHO and MUO groups. The high cIMT tertile group revealed higher systolic BP compared to that exhibited by the low cIMT tertile group (123.7±2.1 mmHg vs. 116.9±1.6 mmHg, P=0.028). Mean cIMT was positively correlated with age (β=0.009) and body mass index (BMI) (β=0.033) after adjusting for covariates (both P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In overweight and obese Korean adolescents, cIMT was associated with age and BMI but not with metabolic phenotype or CMRFs. Further research is warranted to determine the relationship between cIMT during adolescence and cardiovascular outcomes during adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"227-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of tri-ponderal mass index with insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in children and adolescents.","authors":"Iee Ho Choi, Sun-Young Kim, Minsun Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.2346158.079","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2346158.079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to investigate the relationship between the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), a new indirect measure of fat mass, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 1,630 children and adolescents who visited Jeonbuk National University Children's Hospital. Each patient's medical record was retrospectively reviewed for age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), TMI, and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels. Study participants were divided by sex and then categorized by age, BMI, and TMI. Finally, the correlations of TMI with IGF-1 level, IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS), IGFBP-3 level, IGFBP-3 SDS, and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants were <19 years of age. BMI correlated with IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in both sexes; however, the relationship with TMI differed by sex. TMI correlated with IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 SDS in boys and with IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-3 SDS in girls across all ages. In boys, BMI and TMI significantly correlated with IGF-1, IGF-1 SDS, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 SDS, and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio in the normal-weight group. TMI also correlated with IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-3 SDS in the overweight group. In girls, BMI significantly correlated with IGF-1, IGF-1 SDS, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 SDS, and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio in the normal-weight group and with IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-3 SDS in the overweight group, while TMI correlated with IGF-1, IGF-1 SDS, and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio in the normal-weight group; with IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-3 SDS in the overweight group; and with IGFBP-3 SDS in the obese group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TMI may more strongly correlate with IGFBP-3 level than BMI in overweight boys and with IGFBP-3 SDS in overweight and obese girls. The correlation of IGFBP-3 SDS with TMI may be helpful for evaluating weight status in adolescent girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"258-265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of circulating cytokine levels and gene polymorphism predisposition on type 1 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Ahmed H Alghamdi, Sherif M El-Sherbini, Ibrahim M Shatla, Essam A Mady, Mohamed F El-Refaei","doi":"10.6065/apem.2346178.089","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2346178.089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A wide range of cytokines has been demonstrated to be involved in the etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Gene polymorphisms may potentially contribute to a hereditary predisposition toward circulating cytokine levels as (high, intermediate, or low) since they can affect cytokine production or function. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of cytokine levels and the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within cytokine genes with T1DM in Saudi children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Totals of 91 well-characterized T1DM patients and 91 T1DM-free control subjects were enrolled in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of 3 circulating cytokines (transforming growth factor [TGF]-β1, interleukin [IL]-10, and IL-6) and 6 SNPs in 3 cytokine genes (TGF-β1 [rs1800470 and rs1800471], IL-10 [rs1800896, rs1800871, and rs1800872], and IL-6 [rs1800795]) that contribute to genetic susceptibility were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. Our fn dings show that TGF-β1 serum levels were signifcantly lower in the children with T1DM than in the control participants. The TGF-β1 genotypes with a high-production phenotype were signifcantly less frequent and those with a lowproduction phenotype were signifcantly more frequent in the children with T1DM compared to the control participants. respectively. Furthermore, the IL-6 genotype frequency with low level of IL-6 production were signifcantly increased in the T1DM group compared to the control group. Moreover, our data demonstrated no appreciable diferences in circulating serum level or genotype and phenotype of IL- 10 between the patients and controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This kind of measurement, which considers the prediction of T1DM, may be useful in assessing the severity of T1DM and susceptibility to T1DM among Saudi children.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"250-257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on \"New-onset diabetes in children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: an assessment of biomarkers and psychosocial risk factors at play in Mississippi\".","authors":"Se Young Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.24223091edi04","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.24223091edi04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"209-210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}