The Kenya Veterinarian最新文献_第3页

The Ultrastructural Dynamics of Parasite-Host Cell Interactions as demonstrated in Besnoitia besnoiti (Apicomplexa, Protozoa): 寄生蜂-寄主细胞相互作用的超微结构动力学研究(英文)

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-01-24 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39630

O. Njagi, R. Entzeroth, P. Nyaga, A. Musoke

{"title":"The Ultrastructural Dynamics of Parasite-Host Cell Interactions as demonstrated in Besnoitia besnoiti (Apicomplexa, Protozoa):","authors":"O. Njagi, R. Entzeroth, P. Nyaga, A. Musoke","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39630","url":null,"abstract":"Besnoitia besnoiti is an obligate intracellular coccidian protozoa of significant economic importance in the regions where it occurs. The parasite exhibits two forms in its intermediate hosts; the rapidly multiplying proliferative forms (merozoites,\u0000tachyzoites) and the slowly multiplying or quiescent cyst forms (cystozoites, bradyzoites). Both forms are invasive and possess typical apicomplexan structures; a three-layered pellicle, conoid, polar ring, microtubules and rhoptries. The parasites can be maintained continuously in vitro in a variety of mammalian cell lines and their requirements for\u0000growth have been previously established. Evidence of active host cell penetration has been presented in scanning electron microscopic studies. However, such surface observations do not reveal much information on the dynamics of penetration and the manipulation\u0000of the host cell by the parasite. To understand the sequential interactions between B. besnoiti and the host cell, transmission electron microscopic examinations were carried out on infected Vero cells fixed at various time intervals following infection with Besnoitia merozoites. This article presents the ultrastructural dynamics of host cell invasion and\u0000intracellular survival of Besnoitia besnoiti. Key words: Besnoitia besnoiti, Apicomplexa,\u0000ultrastructure, Vero cells, host-cell invasion, parasitophorous vacuole. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 31 (1) 2007: pp. 14-19","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116265221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fertility of zero-grazed dairy cattle following hormone treatment and fixed-time artificial insemination. 激素治疗和定时人工授精后零放牧奶牛的生育能力。

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-01-24 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V30I2.39626

V. Tsuma, K. Mbai, P. Gitonga, T. Abuom, S. Ndurumo, C. Bwanga, J. Wabacha

{"title":"Fertility of zero-grazed dairy cattle following hormone treatment and fixed-time artificial insemination.","authors":"V. Tsuma, K. Mbai, P. Gitonga, T. Abuom, S. Ndurumo, C. Bwanga, J. Wabacha","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V30I2.39626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V30I2.39626","url":null,"abstract":"Reproduction is important to dairy herds and achievement of economically optimal performance still remains a substantial multifactorial challenge in many herds. Poor estrus expression and detection, repeat breeding, prolonged postpartum anestrus and\u0000delayed onset of puberty are some of the limiting factors to attainment of optimum reproductive efficiency in zero-grazed herds. This study investigated the fertility of anestrous and repeat breeder zerograzed dairy animals following induction of ovarian\u0000cyclicity, synchronization of ovulation, and fixed time insemination. The following three categories of animals were recruited into the study: 1) Delayed puberty or anestrus in heifers (n=26), 2) Prolonged postpartum anestrus (n=23), and 3) Repeat breeding\u0000cows and heifers (n=28). The seventy seven animals (69 Friesians, 7 Ayrshires and 1 Guernsey) were all zero-grazed and had a median age and parity of 5.0\u0000years and 2.5 respectively, and a body condition score of at least 2.5 on a scale of 1 to 5. All study animals were intramuscularly injected with Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) on Day 0, Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on Day 7, and GnRH on Day 9. Treated\u0000animals had timed artificial insemination (AI) 8-24 hours after the last injection. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by rectal palpation 60 days post-AI. The pregnancy rate for anestrous cows (6/23) was 26.1%, repeat breeder cows (5/14) 35.7%, anestrous\u0000heifers (16/26) 61.5% and repeat breeder heifers (5/14) 35.7%. This treatment protocol may improve fertility outcomes in zero-grazed units where anestrus is a problem, reproductive skills are deficient, there is scarcity of labor or where there is an inability to\u0000commit the required time for estrus detection. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 30 (2) 2006: pp. 68-72","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129279745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparison of the Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay techniques for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins. 反向被动乳胶凝集法和酶联免疫吸附法检测葡萄球菌肠毒素的比较。

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-01-24 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39631

J. Ombui, J. Mathenge

{"title":"A comparison of the Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay techniques for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins.","authors":"J. Ombui, J. Mathenge","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39631","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to compare the Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination (RPLA) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) techniques for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs). One hundred and one Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)\u0000isolates were recovered from milk and meat samples. Isolates were tested for their ability to produce any of the staphylococcal enterotoxin types A, B, C, and D. Sixty seven S. aureus isolates were found to be enterotoxigenic, using ELISA, while 62 isolates were\u0000found to be enterotoxigenic with RPLA technique. Staphylococcal enterotoxin C was the most frequent enterotoxin detected by both ELISA and RPLA. This study found no significant difference in the sensitivity of ELISA and RPLA techniques for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (t=0.908; df=3; p=0.431). It was concluded that ELISA and RPLA are\u0000comparable tests and any of them can be used to test for staphylococcal enterotoxins. However, the RPLA test appears to be most suitable for screening a large number of isolates for staphylococcal enterotoxins because it is less cumbersome, less costly and rapid. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 31 (1) 2007: pp. 20-25","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"8 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130847949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparative Brine Shrimp Toxicity of Withenia somnifera and Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Extracts and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of W. Somnifera somnifera和Chrysanthemum cinerariaeofolium提取物对盐水对虾毒性的比较及somnifera的体外抗菌活性

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-01-24 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V30I2.39623

J. Mbaria, D. Gakuya, S.N.Yunus, H. F. Kaburia, A. Njuguna

{"title":"Comparative Brine Shrimp Toxicity of Withenia somnifera and Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Extracts and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of W. Somnifera","authors":"J. Mbaria, D. Gakuya, S.N.Yunus, H. F. Kaburia, A. Njuguna","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V30I2.39623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V30I2.39623","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports on the bioactivity and in vitro antimicrobial action of methanol extract of Withania somnifera using in vitro cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The extract of W. somniferum inhibited the growth of S. aureus and C. albicans but not E. coli, S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa. The diameters of the zones of inhibitions of microbial growth ranged from 14 mm to 16 mm. The results of antimicrobial testing of W. somnifera extract indicated that it has antimicrobial properties, which support its continued use as a herbal remedy. Comparative toxicity of extracts of W. somnifera and Chrysananthemum cinerariaefolium (pyrethrum plant) was done using the brine shrimp\u0000lethality test at serial dilutions of 1000 μg/ml, 100 μg/ ml and 10 μg/ml. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for each extract was determined. Both plant extracts were found to be toxic to brine shrimp with LC50 of 110.3 μg/ml and 106.6 μg/ml for W. somnifera and C. cinerarieafolium respectively. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 30 (2) 2006: pp. 53-56","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128159791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preliminary Findings on the Carrier Status of Pasteurella multocida in Farmed and Traded Healthy-appearing Scavenging Indigenous Chickens and Ducks in Kenya 肯尼亚养殖和交易的健康食腐土鸡鸭中多杀性巴氏杆菌携带者状况的初步调查

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-01-24 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39628

P. Mbuthia, L. W. Njagi, L. Bebora, G. Mugera, T. Ngatia, W. Munyua, P. N. Nyaga, U. Minga, J. E. Olsen

{"title":"Preliminary Findings on the Carrier Status of Pasteurella multocida in Farmed and Traded Healthy-appearing Scavenging Indigenous Chickens and Ducks in Kenya","authors":"P. Mbuthia, L. W. Njagi, L. Bebora, G. Mugera, T. Ngatia, W. Munyua, P. N. Nyaga, U. Minga, J. E. Olsen","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39628","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred and twenty three indigenous chickens and 24 ducks reared under free range scavenging system were examined for the carrier status of\u0000Pasteurella multocida. Both the oropharynyngeal and cloacal swab samples were examined for the presence of the organisms by means of mouse passage and inoculation into blood agar. Of these, 53 chickens and 24 ducks were from different smallholder farms\u0000in Nairobi, and Machakos districts, 41 chickens were from various slaughterhouses in Nairobi, while 29 were market chickens obtained from various market centers in Nairobi. The traded (market and slaughter) chickens all originated from rural districts in various\u0000parts of the country. From the 123 chickens examined, Pasteurella multocida subspecies were isolated only from four birds. The isolates were recovered from the\u0000traded chickens only. Pasteurella organisms were not from any of the 24 ducks. On the basis of biochemical characterization, the organisms were differentiated as P. multocida multocida (1/4), P. multocida septica (1/4) and P. multocida gallicida (2/4). This study\u0000suggests that healthy traded poultry could be carriers of Pasteurella multocida. It describes the first report of Pasteurella multocida isolation from indigenous birds in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 31 (1) 2007: pp. 1-5","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116903322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Epidemiology of Trypanocidal Drug Resistance in the Transmara District of Kenya 肯尼亚跨马拉地区锥虫耐药流行病学

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-01-24 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V30I2.39624

I. Mapenay, M. W. Maichamo

引用次数: 2

Assessment of Bacteriological and Physico-chemical Qualities of Stand-pipe Drinking Water Stored in Huruma Food Kiosks of 呼鲁玛食品亭储水的细菌学和理化性质评价

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-01-24 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39632

P. Kamau, F. Muli, J. Ngeranwa, P. Gathura

{"title":"Assessment of Bacteriological and Physico-chemical Qualities of Stand-pipe Drinking Water Stored in Huruma Food Kiosks of","authors":"P. Kamau, F. Muli, J. Ngeranwa, P. Gathura","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39632","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 104 water samples were randomly taken and analyzed to determine bacteriological and physico-chemical qualities of stand-pipe drinking water stored in Huruma food kiosks of Nairobi, Kenya. Out of these, 92 were from storage containers\u0000and 12 from stand-pipes supplying the food kiosks. The mean sample temperature ranged from 19.19°C to 23.0oC, while the mean pH ranged from 6.75 to 7.0. All samples analyzed in this study had a residual chlorine level of 0.5 mg/l. The mean total bacterial count (TBC) for stand-pipe samples was 46 per ml, while that from stored water was 615 per ml. The mean coliform count was 7 and 64 per 100 ml for stand-pipes and stored water respectively. Faecal streptococci had mean counts of 13 and 55 per ml in stand-pipes\u0000and stored water respectively. Feacal coliforms were isolated from 2 (17%) stand-pipes and 43 (47%) stored water. Faecal streptococci was isolated from 2 (17%) and 57 (62%) stand-pipes and stored water samples respectively. A significant difference in TBC between stand-pipe and stored water (t = -4.379, df = 102, p = 0.001) was noted. Questionnaire and\u0000observation investigations revealed that 82(90%) of Kiosk workers treated their drinking water on request. Some water scooping vessels were found lying on dirty floor outside and near open drainage systems. In conclusions results from this study indicates a high\u0000risk of infections with pathogens to the consumers. It is therefore recommended that drinking water be treated before consumption. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 31 (1) 2007: pp. 26-39","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116302884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Use of a Tiemann's catheter in the surgical management of obstructive multiple urolithiasis in a mixed breed dog Tiemann导尿管在混合型犬梗阻性多发性尿石症手术治疗中的应用

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-30 DOI: 10.4314/kenvet.v30i1.39618

S. Ndurumo, J. D. Mande, J. Kitaa

引用次数: 0

Systemic Mastocytosis Associated with Liver Failure in an Adult German Shepherd Dog 成年德国牧羊犬的系统性肥大细胞增多症与肝功能衰竭有关

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-30 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V30I1.39619

N. Gitonga, J. Kitaa, P. Mbuthia

引用次数: 0

Participatory Approaches in the Control of Camel Trypanosomosis in Lapur Division of Turkana District, Kenya 参与式方法在肯尼亚图尔卡纳地区拉普尔地区控制骆驼锥虫病

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-30 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V30I1.39616

M. Mochabo, P. Kitala, P. Gathura, W. Ogara, M. Eregae, T. Kaitho, A. Catley

{"title":"Participatory Approaches in the Control of Camel Trypanosomosis in Lapur Division of Turkana District, Kenya","authors":"M. Mochabo, P. Kitala, P. Gathura, W. Ogara, M. Eregae, T. Kaitho, A. Catley","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V30I1.39616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V30I1.39616","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the control of trypanosomosis in camels in Turkana district of Kenya using participatory approaches. Lapur division of the district was conveniently selected as the study area considering logistics and security concerns. Four main animal camps (adakars) formed the study units. Key informants from each adakar were selected for participatory research processes. Participatory mapping, semi-structured interviews, pair-wise comparisons and matrix scoring were the participatory methods employed. Five camel diseases in order of their importance, were identified, namely, camel trypanosomosis, tick infestation, non-specific diarrhea, mange and hemorrhagic septicemia. Twelve groups of the lay key informants agreed well on the presenting signs of these diseases. Although trypanocides were considered by the informants to be reasonably available, the most preferred method for the control of camel trypanosomosis was the use of indigenous remedies. These indigenous remedies included the oral administration to sick camels with variety of herbs mixed with soups from goat, wildcat, bird or donkey meat. The results from this study revealed that camel trypanosomosis is an important disease in Turkana district. The prices of the available modern trypanocides in the management of camel trypanosomosis appeared to hamper the effective control of the disease. However, the efficacy of the widely used indigenous remedies remains undetermined The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 30 (1) 2006: pp. 1-10","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"53 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134033066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0