The Kenya Veterinarian最新文献_第2页

Detection and enumeration of Coliforms and Escherichia coli in water 水中大肠菌群和大肠杆菌的检测与计数

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2009-08-25 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V32I1.45294

M. Odongo, Em Kilonzo

{"title":"Detection and enumeration of Coliforms and Escherichia coli in water","authors":"M. Odongo, Em Kilonzo","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V32I1.45294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V32I1.45294","url":null,"abstract":"Water samples from eighteen different sources in Nairobi were analyzed for coliform and E. coli content using three microbiological techniques, namely: Multiple tube or Most Probable Number (MPN) technique, Defined Substrate Technique (DST) or Colilert technique and Petrifilm(TM) Plate Count Techniques. All the three techniques detected coliforms in water samples contaminated by these organisms. However, the Colilert and Petrifilm Plate techniques were superior to the multiple tube technique in differential detection and enumeration of coliforms and E. coli . Overall, the Petrifilm Plate technique was the most sensitive of the three methods as it was able to detect as few as one E. coli cell per 100 ml of the water samples. Of the 18 different water sources tested, Nairobi River, Nairobi dam, Kabete dam, and Kawangware stream had very high numbers of coliform bacteria and E. coli. The level of contamination in Nairobi River varied with the sampling site. Coliforms and E. coli levels were highest in Nairobi River water samples obtained near Chiromo and Arboretum areas, and lowest in samples obtained at the museum hill area. Chunga River along Ngong road and Mbagathi River had moderately high levels of coliforms and E. coli , and the levels of contamination were still way too high above the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended levels for safe drinking water. All the borehole water samples tested had no coliforms and E. coli except for those in Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) and Kenya Commercial bank (KCB) training center, which had low counts of these organisms. None of the tap water samples and commercial bottled water samples tested had coliforms or E. coli.","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115290319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A case report of Schistosomus Reflexus in a Lamb 羔羊反射血吸虫1例报告

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2009-08-25 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V32I1.45298

V. Tsuma, T. Abuom

引用次数: 9

Prognostic indicators and the importance of trimming in non-infective claw disorders in cattle 牛非感染性爪部疾病的预后指标及修剪的重要性

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2009-08-25 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V32I1.45296

J. Nguhiu-Mwangi, P. Mbithi, J. Wabacha, P. Mbuthia

{"title":"Prognostic indicators and the importance of trimming in non-infective claw disorders in cattle","authors":"J. Nguhiu-Mwangi, P. Mbithi, J. Wabacha, P. Mbuthia","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V32I1.45296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V32I1.45296","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted in 32 smallholder dairy farms in Nairobi and its environs, in which 300 cows were examined for claw disorders. The objective was to evaluate characteristics of claw disorders in dairy cows in smallholder production units in Nairobi and its environs. After a purposive selection of the farms and a systematic sampling of the cows, hind limb claws of all the 300 cows were examined for disorders. Thorough washing and trimming of the claws were done. Claw disorders that were chronic in nature were the most destructive and incorrigible by claw trimming. Apart from chronic nature of the disorders, other prognostic indicators were the laminitic features of claw damage which mainly included invasive erosions of the horn leading to excessively thinned sole, excessively softened and crumbling horn of the sole, widespread penetrating sole haemorrhages and crookedly shaped claws. These features of chronic laminitis occurred concurrently with heel or sole erosion, white line separation, sole ulcers, horizontal hoof wall fissures and double soles. In most smallholder farms, cows with these disorders were neglected to the extent that trimming was inadequately corrective. Regular claw examination and corrective trimming should be adopted as routine procedures in dairy cow production.","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"109 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120873017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Analysis of nematode infection levels among indoor pigs in Thika District, Kenya 肯尼亚Thika区室内猪中线虫感染水平分析

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-08-14 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V31I2.39635

J. Kagira, P. Kanyari, W. Munyua, R. Waruiru

{"title":"Analysis of nematode infection levels among indoor pigs in Thika District, Kenya","authors":"J. Kagira, P. Kanyari, W. Munyua, R. Waruiru","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V31I2.39635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V31I2.39635","url":null,"abstract":"The infection levels of various species of nematode infection were studied in 35 indoor pig herds in Thika district, Kenya. Faecal samples were collected from 830 pigs of all ages and examined for nematode eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces using a modified McMaster technique. The infection intensity exhibited a binomial distribution with a majority of animals having only a light infection (EPG range = 0-500). The level of nematode infections was associated with the age of pigs. Thus, the highest mean EPG levels of Oesophagostomum spp. was 218 (SE = ±34), Ascaris suum 215 (SE = ±62), Trichuris suis 155(SE = ±66) and Strongyloides ransomi 24(SE = ±6) were found in adults, weaners, porkers and piglets respectively. The widest individual nematode species range of EPG values was found in T. suis (0 - 10,000) and A. suum (0 - 5300) infections. It is possible that the low EPG levels could be due to aggressive helminth control by local farmers. This could increase costs and possibly lead to the emergence of anthelmintic resistance. To reduce these costs, it is recommended that animals should be treated after faecal examination and laboratory determination of the EPG levels.. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 31 (2) 2007: pp. 54-58","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131833568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Parasites in Captive Carnivores at the Animal Orphanage in Kenya 肯尼亚动物孤儿院圈养食肉动物体内的寄生虫

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-08-14 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V31I2.39636

V. Obanda, F. Gakuya

{"title":"Parasites in Captive Carnivores at the Animal Orphanage in Kenya","authors":"V. Obanda, F. Gakuya","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V31I2.39636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V31I2.39636","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed endoparasitic diversity before and after anthelmintic treatment in captive lions, cheetahs, jackals, serval and sokoke cats, and hyenas at the Nairobi Animal Orphanage. The animals were treated with a broad-spectrum anthelmintic, Canex 4®. Faecal and /or vomitus samples were macroscopically examined for adult parasites. Faecal sedimentation and floatation techniques were used to assess the presence of eggs and oocysts. Of the 27 animals in this study, 23 (85%) were positive for Spirometra spp. eggs, while 21 animals (77.7%) positive for Isospora spp. eggs. Toxocara spp. and Toxascaris spp. eggs were both 66.6% prevalent. Ancylostoma spp. eggs were 62.9% prevalent. Jackals had the highest parasite egg diversity with six genera. Adult parasites were recovered from lion vomitus, which included Aelurostrongylus sp. Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Taenia spp. Adult parasites recovered from faecal material were Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara canis. Deworming is an essential component in good management of captive carnivores but need to be accompanied with regular assessments to determine parasite diversity and the efficacy of the drug in use. Sampling for enteric parasites should include vomitus as some parasite propagules may not be found in faecal samples. Keywords : Parasites, Carnivores, Wildlife, Captivity, Anthelmintic, Kenya Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 31 (2) 2007: pp. 59-63","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128109957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Trypanotolerance effect as a result of genomic imprinting in F2 murine population. F2小鼠种群基因组印迹对锥虫耐受性的影响。

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-08-14 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V31I2.39638

J. Kamau, O. Mwai, P. Kinyanjui, F. Iraqi

引用次数: 0

Radiographic features of laminitic claws of dairy cows around Nairobi. 奈洛比附近奶牛层状爪的x线影像特征。

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-08-14 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V31I2.39639

J. Nguhiu-Mwangi, P. Mbithi, J. Wabacha, P. Mbuthia

{"title":"Radiographic features of laminitic claws of dairy cows around Nairobi.","authors":"J. Nguhiu-Mwangi, P. Mbithi, J. Wabacha, P. Mbuthia","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V31I2.39639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V31I2.39639","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to determine the common radiographic features in laminitic claws from dairy cows using abattoir samples. A total of 192 claws were collected from Wangige slaughter slab and 126 claws from Kiserian abattoir. The claws were examined for gross lesions. Dorso-palmar/dorso-plantar and lateral radiographic exposures of each claw were taken and evaluated for radiographic changes. Subclinical and chronic laminitis was respectively present in 35% and 21% of the claws examined and 44% of the claws showed extreme deformities. Concurrent appearance of lesions was in 27% of the claws. Radiographic changes were observed in the pedal bones but not in the adjacent joints. Dilated vascular channels (61%) and prominently visible non-dilated vascular channels (24%) in the pedal bones were observed in subclinical and chronic laminitis. The most frequently observed radiographic changes in pedal bones were: irregular (serrated) margins (14%), exostoses (8%), and narrowing (6%), complete absence (3%) or partial absence (1%) of its apex. Other changes on the pedal bones were: rotation (4%), “dropping (sinking)” (3%), fissure fractures (2%), periostitis (1%) and osteolysis (1%). Most of these radiographic changes were seen in claws that had chronic laminitis with extreme deformities. It is concluded that radiographic changes in laminitis occur during the chronic phase and are most severe when concurrent extreme deformities of the claws are present. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 31 (2) 2007: pp. 72-78","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134355370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Hatchability and fertility of indigenous chicken and duck eggs, and some causes of chick and duckling mortality in Kenya 肯尼亚本地鸡和鸭蛋的孵化率和繁殖力，以及鸡和小鸭死亡的一些原因

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-01-24 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39629

P. Mbuthia, L. W. Njagi, P. N. Nyaga, L. Bebora, G. Mugera, U. Minga, J. E. Olsen

{"title":"Hatchability and fertility of indigenous chicken and duck eggs, and some causes of chick and duckling mortality in Kenya","authors":"P. Mbuthia, L. W. Njagi, P. N. Nyaga, L. Bebora, G. Mugera, U. Minga, J. E. Olsen","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39629","url":null,"abstract":"Flocks under study are located in the suburbs of Nairobi province and Machakos district. They belonged to smallholder farmers. Twenty seven clutches of eggs given to indigenous chickens to seat on, and 10 clutches of eggs given to ducks to seat on\u0000were investigated for six months. The number of eggs in each clutch ranged from 6 to 19 with an average of12 eggs. Duck eggs had a hatchability of 82.3% and fertility of 89.5% while chicken eggs had a hatchability of 66.2% and fertility of 82.8%. Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., and other aerobic bacteria were commonly isolated from un-hatched eggs, dead embryos, dead chicks, and ducklings. These were comparable with bacterial isolates recovered from cloacal and pharyngeo-tracheal swabs taken from adult birds from these farms and cultured on blood and McConkey Agar base. The main causes of chick and duckling mortalities were yolk sac infections, colibacillosis, and nutritional deficiencies. Other causes of mortality encountered were ectoparasites {fleas (Echidnophaga gallinacea) and lice (Menopon \u0000gallinae)}; and predators like kites, hawks, mongoose, dogs, wild and domestic cats. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 31 (1) 2007: pp. 6-13","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116245367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

An investigation into a human anthrax outbreak in Maragua District, Central Kenya. 对肯尼亚中部马拉瓜地区人类炭疽疫情的调查。

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-01-24 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V30I2.39625

M. Njenga, J. Kuria, R. Wahome, P. Gathura, A. Thaiya, C. Maina, J. Mwangi

{"title":"An investigation into a human anthrax outbreak in Maragua District, Central Kenya.","authors":"M. Njenga, J. Kuria, R. Wahome, P. Gathura, A. Thaiya, C. Maina, J. Mwangi","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V30I2.39625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V30I2.39625","url":null,"abstract":"An outbreak of human anthrax occurred in Maragua district between December 2005 and January 2006 and an investigation was undertaken through visits\u0000and interviews with the District Veterinary (DVO) and Public Health Officers, owners of cattle that had died, people who had butchered or eaten the meat from dead animals and patients who had been affected by the disease. It was found that 514 out of \u0000700 people had eaten the affected meat but only 30 got clinical disease, one (1) of which was enteric and the rest twenty nine (29) were cutaneous. The attack\u0000rate appeared to have been greatly reduced by the practice of repeatedly boiling the meat and discarding the soup before eating the meat. The disease outbreak\u0000in cattle was associated with low vaccination rates of cattle against anthrax in the area, human movement, poor handling of the infected meat, and activities of\u0000scavenging dogs and chickens and possibly insects. Ignorance, retrogressive socio-cultural practices and poor socio-economic conditions were risk factors that contributed to the outbreak of the disease in humans. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 30 (2) 2006: pp. 62-67","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124144649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The importance of vaginal cytology and challenges encountered when investigating infertility cases of breeding bitches in Kenya 阴道细胞学的重要性和遇到的挑战时，调查不孕不育的情况下，母狗在肯尼亚

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2008-01-24 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39633

N. Gitonga, G. Agumbah, V. Tsuma

{"title":"The importance of vaginal cytology and challenges encountered when investigating infertility cases of breeding bitches in Kenya","authors":"N. Gitonga, G. Agumbah, V. Tsuma","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V31I1.39633","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the investigation was to determine the cause of infertility in 7 previously fertile bitches referred to the Small Animal Clinic University of Nairobi. Clinical, vaginal cytology and bacteriological evaluation of the bitches were performed during\u0000proestrus. Based on vaginal cytology, four of the bitches presented with prolonged proestral bleeding and were found to be in the fertile period of the oestrous cycle (80% “superficial” cells) although clinically presenting as being in proestrus based on\u0000the nature of vulval discharge. These bitches had been presented for breeding based on vulval discharge and were infertile due to improper timing of mating. Infertility in two other bitches was associated with Brucella canis primarily, and probably beta-hemolytic\u0000Streptococci super - infections. Infertility in the remaining bitch was due to the stud dog owner's assumption that mating had occurred after the stud dog and the aggressive bitch were put in the same kennel for the duration of the bitch's fertile period. The authors recognized that most breeders and some veterinarians did not understand the physiology of\u0000the canine oestrous cycle resulting in the misdiagnosis of causes of infertility in healthy bitches. This article highlights the challenges met when investigating infertility and the importance of vaginal cytology in breeding of bitches in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 31 (1) 2007: pp. 40-44","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132675024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1