Archaeologia Historica Polona最新文献

{"title":"second left-bank castle in Wrocław in the light of the latest archaeological and architectural research","authors":"P. Kmiecik, R. Szwed","doi":"10.12775/ahp.2021.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/ahp.2021.004","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of archaeological and architectural research on the premises of the former Babiński Hospital at John Paul II Square (plac Jana Pawła II) in Wrocław (Poland), during which the relics of the unfinished second left-bank castle, dating back to the end of the 13th century, were uncovered.Since the 17th century there has been a hypothesis about the existence of a second, nevercompleted left-bank castle, situated on the site of the later building of St. Nicholas’ Arsenal. It was widely discussed in academic papers from the 1940s, as well as by Polish researchers after World War II. This castle was most often associated with the person of Prince Henry IV Probus. The first archaeological investigations which allowed for its preliminary confirmation were carried out in 1979, 1981 and 1992–1994 by a team led by Dr. Jerzy Romanow. Their results, however, did not allow a definitive solution to the problem.","PeriodicalId":448670,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica Polona","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133112646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"creation and architectural transformation of the parish church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Żary from the early 13th to late 17th century","authors":"A. Legendziewicz","doi":"10.12775/ahp.2021.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/ahp.2021.007","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents architectural transformations in the parish church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (originally the Blessed Virgin Mary) in Żary. The church is one of themost interesting brick churches in the borderland between Silesia and Lusatia. Unfortunately, the church has featured very little in the literature, and only its non-extant Romanesque west arm is discussed. Based on the scant written sources, and the results of architectural researchand archaeological excavations, the author discusses the formation and transformation of the parish church from the 13th century to the end of the 17th century. The Romanesque chancel and choir were built in the 13th century. The Gothic reconstruction of the choir was completed in 1309 and of the western arm in 1401. The next significant construction took place in the second half of the 17th century, when the Promnitz funeral chapel was built next to the choir and galleries were built in the aisles.","PeriodicalId":448670,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica Polona","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116087637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defensive enclousure of the small castle in Witków, Silesia","authors":"A. Legendziewicz, A. Michalak","doi":"10.12775/ahp.2021.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/ahp.2021.005","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the paper is to present the architectural transformations of the defensive enclosure of the small castle in Witków. This complex is one of the best-preserved examples of medieval seats of knights in Silesia. Unfortunately, in the literature to date, only the tower house with gothic polychromes has been discussed in greater detail. Basing on source references, descriptions from early modern urbariums, the results of architectural research and archaeological excavations, the authors discuss the emerging and transformations of the defensive enclosure. The implementation of the medieval complex including a curtain, along with a gatehouse and a gate, was set in the early 15th century. The Renaissance reconstruction, including the introduction of four regularly arranged towers, is related to the takeover of the castle by Fabian von Schonäich and works confirmed by the date 1557visible on one of the window stone frames. Another significant construction action is set in the second half of the 17th century, probably carried out in connection with the deteriorating condition of the buildings on the site.","PeriodicalId":448670,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica Polona","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124913290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"technical level of small-town shoemaking in Gdańsk Pomerania in the 14th century","authors":"K. Blusiewicz","doi":"10.12775/ahp.2020.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/ahp.2020.012","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the late medieval leather artefacts from Puck, Gniew, Lębork and Chojnice, an attempt was made to assess the level of shoemaking production at that time. Microscopic analyses of leather goods and production waste proved that in the field of tanning the activities related to the mechanical treatment of leather were carefully performed, although with insufficient professional knowledge concerning the process. The results of the identification of the animal origin of the leather confirmed the purposeful selection of raw material with different properties for individual footwear elements and the ability to properly cut it. The quality of the shoemaking products was highly rated in terms of technology and style. However, in the analysed collections a clearly perceptible difference in craftsmanship and assortment of products from Gniew and the other three towns was noticed.","PeriodicalId":448670,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica Polona","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125457147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeological settlement research for the late Middle Ages in Poland","authors":"A. Marciniak-Kajzer","doi":"10.12775/ahp.2020.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/ahp.2020.003","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological settlement research in Poland has to date not been conducted on a large scale. The remains of medieval villages have usually been excavated when rescue works were required by construction projects – usually along the routes of planned highways. Traces of farming have been discovered only by chance, and research on the distribution of land uses has mainly been carried out by geographers. In a few cases, survey excavations of rural settlements have been carried out in the vicinity of defensive structures being investigated. In cities, even long-term studies have basically been limited to researching only the densely built-up zone, the market square, and defensive walls. Neither agricultural land owned by townsfolk nor the zones outside the city proper that they used economically have been examined. The surface research resulting from the campaign Archeologiczne Zdjęcie Polski – AZP (Polish Archaeological Record) is of little use for the late Middle Ages, firstly because artefacts from that period were not collected at the beginning of the research, and also because of a specific aspect of cultivation (fertilisation), which saw a considerable carrying of movable cultural artefacts out from built-up areas. These weaknesses resulted from various factors. First of all, there was a lack of interest in such research among not only historical preservation services but also archaeologists themselves. However, the main factor was the significant financial outlays that such research requires.\u0000Currently, archaeology has many techniques at its disposal that allow large areas to be studied and that thus allow archaeological sites to be identified and preliminarily investigated. Aerial laser scanning and ground-based geophysical methods provide much valuable data and, above all, allow places requiring excavation to be accurately identified. Unfortunately, deeming such methods to sufficiently record sites can sometimes mean that they constitute the first and only archaeological survey of a site. Then there are problems of dating such sites and, of course, we do not acquire many of the movable cultural objects that research on medieval society demands.","PeriodicalId":448670,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica Polona","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124984123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piast castle on Ostrów Tumski island in Wrocław","authors":"Małgorzata Chorowska, W. Bartz, Mariusz Caban, Eryk Wodejko","doi":"10.12775/ahp.2020.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/ahp.2020.010","url":null,"abstract":"The article briefly presents the author’s hypothesis of architectural changes in the ducal castle on Ostrów Tumski in Wrocław, which was developed based on the results of architectural studies of the relics of the castle walls uncovered in excavations in 2011–2012 and 2014, in combination with the results of laboratory tests such as petrographic and mineralogical analysis of mortars, 14C analysis of charcoal contained in mortars and extensive analysis of brick dimensions using statistical methods. As a result, a chronological stratification into eight phases from the 12th to 15th centuries is proposed. Absolute dating was addressed through radiocarbon analyses and historical context.","PeriodicalId":448670,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica Polona","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115417050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wooden sacral architecture in Greater Poland. An interdisciplinary case study of the church in Domachowo","authors":"A. Różański, T. Jurek, P. Marciniak, Patrycja Łobodzińska, U. Schaaf","doi":"10.12775/AHP.2020.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/AHP.2020.007","url":null,"abstract":"Sacred wooden architecture in Poland is a huge and still unrecognised research problem. It covers a number of issues of interdisciplinary character: from the properties of building materials and carpentry techniques, through constructionand architectural-spatial solutions, to cultural and natural conditions. Hence, the best way to study this problem is interdisciplinary research. The necessity of cooperation of representatives of various scientific disciplines became the basis for creating a team to study the wooden church of St Michael the Archangel in Domachowo, so far dated to 1568. As researchers representing various disciplines (including archaeology, history, art history, history of architecture, architecture, architectural conservation), we cite sources and research that allow us to formulate a thesis that the past of the Domachowo church dates back to the 14th century. Moreover, we present the research and methodological problems inscribed in the aforementioned church building, understood as a whole. Such a multifaceted approach allows us to redefine the current knowledge about the church in Domachowo.","PeriodicalId":448670,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica Polona","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117179579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Castello dei Tre Cantoni in Scicli in the light of new excavations. First observations","authors":"Sławomir Moździoch, Ewa Moździoch, Annamaria Sammito, P. Militello","doi":"10.12775/ahp.2020.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/ahp.2020.011","url":null,"abstract":"In connection with a research programme concerning the role of the Normans in the formation of the cultural face of medieval Europe, the Research Centre for Late Antique and Early Medieval Studies of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences in Wrocław began excavations in Scicli based on a scientific cooperation agreement with Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali ed Ambientali di Ragusa with the support of local volunteers. The project concerned the castle, known as Castello dei Tre Cantoni (also Castelluccio), occupying the top of the hill of S. Matteo above the town of Scicli (Fig. 1). The time of construction of both castles and their functioning period remains a subject of inquiry for archaeologists, historians, and architectural historians. The research carried out in 2018 produced the first information, documented by systematic  excavations, on the chronology of the fortification on the hill of San Matteo. Thanks to them, it was possible to discover a building workshop dating from the second half of the 14th to the first half of the 15th century and confirm the castle wall’s construction (reconstruction?) at the same time. Both the stratigraphy and the 14C dates were obtained to confirm the castle’s functioning from the 2nd half of the 14th century.","PeriodicalId":448670,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica Polona","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114284739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"beginnings of the Teutonic state in the light of the latest studies","authors":"Marcin Wiewióra","doi":"10.12775/ahp.2020.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/ahp.2020.005","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016–2018, non-invasive and archaeological research was carried out in historical Chełmno Land in north-central Poland as part of the ‘Castra Terrae Culmensis, at the edges of the Christian world’ (project ‘Castra Terrae Culmensis – na rubieży chrześcijańskiego świata’), whose main aim was to clarify key questions regarding the beginnings of the State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia. Discoveries included the remains of a previously unrecognised stronghold founded in the 1230s and a castle in Unisław that was the residence of the Teutonic commandry beginning in the 1280s. After a search of lasting more than 100 years, the relics of Chełmno, the oldest Teutonic city after Toruń, were also discovered. The article presents the resultsof geophysical, archaeological and geomatic analyses that confirm historical records in the 14th-century Teutonic Chronicle and helped to reconstruct the history of the oldest Teutonic earth-and-timber strongholds and cities chartered under Chełmno law stood.","PeriodicalId":448670,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica Polona","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132949506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barczewko – a cemetery of the first settlers in Southern Warmia against the background of medieval inhumation necropolises in Teutonic Prussia","authors":"Arkadiusz Koperkiewicz","doi":"10.12775/ahp.2020.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/ahp.2020.008","url":null,"abstract":"Barczewko is located near Olsztyn, in the Warmian-Masurian province (north-eastern Poland). The site on Lake Wadąg was the place of the first location of today’s Barczewo (Ger. Wartenburg). Urban settlement with the castle/watchtower was erectedon the initiative of the bishop of Warmia at the end of the 1320s. The development of the young urban colony was interrupted in 1354 when it was invaded by Lithuanian troops, burned down and abandoned. The village that was later established nearbywas called Alt Wartenberg. The hill behind the village, referred to as the Old Town, has never been built on. The place is a specific time capsule, preserving the remains of buildings and the basic elements of the town’s spatial arrangement. In the years 2013–2019, a Polish-German research project was carried out here. After a series of non-invasive tests, the cellars of dwelling buildings with artefacts abandoned on the day of the raid, fortifications, market square buildings, central place of craft and trade nature (the so-called mercatorio) and the settlers’ cemetery, as well as the remains of the victims of the raid, were uncovered by excavation. It is a unique complex which provides a lot of information about the pioneering phases of town  formation in the state of the Teutonic Order, and about the everyday life of settlers coexisting most likely with the Old Prussian population. The excavations reveal details of the dramatic events related to the fall of the town, thus confirming written sources. This text presents for the first time the preliminary results of the research on the cemetery of the first settlers in southern Warmia. The necropolis provides evidence for the presence of the Old Prussian indigenous population who played a significant role in this process.","PeriodicalId":448670,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica Polona","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122041071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}