Luiz Eduardo Sales e Silva, João Paulo Abreu Vieira, Camila Souza Alves, Andrey da Costa Lopes
{"title":"Probabilistic Analysis based on Steady-state Voltage Level Compliance Indicators for LV Distribution Networks with High PV and EV Penetration","authors":"Luiz Eduardo Sales e Silva, João Paulo Abreu Vieira, Camila Souza Alves, Andrey da Costa Lopes","doi":"10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326191","url":null,"abstract":"The modification and modernization processes of the electrical networks, which aim to decarbonize and decentralize the power generation, have introduced new components in secondary distribution networks. Photovoltaic (PV) microgenerators and electric vehicles (EV) are highlighted components to reach environmental objectives. However, high PV microgeneration and EV penetration cause technical and economic problems on secondary distribution networks, mainly related to steady-state voltage variation. In this context, this paper proposes a probabilistic economic analysis approach based on steady-state voltage level compliance indicators for low voltage (LV) distribution networks with high PV and EV penetration. The Brazilian National for Electrical Energy (ANEEL) establishes limits for steady-state voltage indicators, known as relative duration of precarious voltage transgression (DRP) and relative duration of critical voltage transgression (DRC). Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to evaluate PV generation and EV demand uncertainties. The proposed approach was tested on a real LV distribution network, and costs by by DRP and DRC indicators increase under high PV and EV penetration.","PeriodicalId":448644,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122389706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Short-term Dispatch of Renewable Sources Considering Minimization of Active Losses and Generation Costs","authors":"Flávio Santos de Souza, T. Sousa, E. W. Ângelos","doi":"10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326223","url":null,"abstract":"The global search for diversification in energy matrix associated with technological developments has led to an increase in the participation of renewable sources, requiring the redesign of models for planning and operation. In this context, this paper proposes a short-term dispatch considering the presence of wind and solar plants, where the power for renewable sources is allocated according to historical load profiles. The mathematical modeling of the algorithm is performed via AMPL considering two different objective functions: (1) minimization of active power losses and (2) minimization of electricity production costs. The interior point method from Knitro is used to solve the model. Tests on the IEEE-30 bus system with real generation data from wind and solar power farms of the Brazilian Electrical grid highlight the method's capability in providing an adequate and coherent short-term dispatch in the presence of renewable generation.","PeriodicalId":448644,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA)","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117273522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. D. de Araújo, W. L. D. de Azevedo, J. Filho, Jaimis Sajid Leon Colqui, Sergio Kuroakawa
{"title":"Computing Transient Voltages on Grounding Grids Buried in Homogeneous and Stratified Soils","authors":"A. D. de Araújo, W. L. D. de Azevedo, J. Filho, Jaimis Sajid Leon Colqui, Sergio Kuroakawa","doi":"10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326186","url":null,"abstract":"Grounding grids (GGs) are essential to guarantee protection to personnel and equipment in the electrical substation. In this context, GGs provide low impedance path to high currents during faults or lightning strikes to minimize the step and touch voltages. Several models to compute the impedance of the GG are presented in the literature combining distributed and lumped approach. In this paper, a lumped approach is developed to represent a GG composed by vertical (VEs) and horizontal electrodes (HEs). Electrodes are modelled individually by lumped models and implemented at the ATP-EMTP software. The grounding impedances of the VEs buried in a stratified soil are calculated by the quadripole approach and an electric circuit is obtained by the Vector Fitting technique. The HE representation is based on the electromagnetic radiation theory, where each segment of the conductor can be seen as a current-carrying conductor. Simulation results compared with the traditional models in the literature indicate a good performance of the lumped representation of the HV and VE for a frequency range that varies from 100 Hz up 10 MHz. Additionally, results have shown that when VES are inserted in GGs and another layer of soil is considered, the GPR and node voltages are significantly reduced.","PeriodicalId":448644,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128786343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. P. Leão, M. Tostes, J. P. A. Vieira, U. Bezerra, W. Heringer, A. L. Sousa, M. D. A. Cordeiro, J. C. H. Paye, M. C. Santos
{"title":"Characteristics of High Impedance Faults in Overhead Distribution Networks in Bamboo Branches","authors":"A. P. Leão, M. Tostes, J. P. A. Vieira, U. Bezerra, W. Heringer, A. L. Sousa, M. D. A. Cordeiro, J. C. H. Paye, M. C. Santos","doi":"10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326100","url":null,"abstract":"The high impedance fault (HIF) has as one of its main characteristics the low magnitude of the current produced, causing its detection and location to be impaired for the equipment currently used to protect electrical power systems, which favors the driver remain energized, increasing the likelihood of fires and the risk of death for living beings. Records of HIF characteristics in trees are a gap in the literature, making it difficult to develop new algorithms and identification methods. This study presents details of the voltage and current characteristics of HIF in bamboo tree branches, the result of experimental tests carried out in a laboratory designed and assembled for HIF simulation in overhead distribution networks, and the capture of these oscillography was carried out by a relay commercial protection.","PeriodicalId":448644,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129430977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Demand Response on Generation Expansion Planning in the Brazilian Interconnected Power System","authors":"G. Muller","doi":"10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326129","url":null,"abstract":"Demand response is defined as the change in electricity use by consumers from the normal consumption pattern in response to changes in energy price or the receipt of incentives to induce lower energy at higher price points or when reliability of the system is impaired. Demand response can improve system adequacy and substantially reduce the investment need to meet peak demand, shifting consumption to times of low demand and adding stability to the system. This paper presents a methodology for demand response to participate in generation planning and to compete on equal terms with other supply-side energy resources such as hydroelectric, thermal and wind power plants. For this purpose, the demand response modeling is performed endogenously in the planning model. Thus, this mechanism competes on equal terms with all other resources, such as hydroelectric, wind and thermal. The methodology is applied to the Brazilian electric system in the medium term energy planning for a 10-year horizon and the results indicate that, with demand response, there is a considerable impact on the generation expansion on the study horizon, postponing and avoiding the construction of others power plants.","PeriodicalId":448644,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129885952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power Reserve Dispatch to Mitigate Variability of Generation Output due to Wind Ramps","authors":"Mauro Sérgio Silva Pinto, M. Pinto, O. Saavedra","doi":"10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326195","url":null,"abstract":"Flexibility in power systems with high penetration of wind power is the most important factor required for maintaining generation capacity and load balance. Generating reserves play a key role in this new scenario. These must be available not only in terms of quantity, but particularly in their ability to provide a suitable response rate compatible with variations in wind generation, as well as with the phenomenon of wind ramps. The generating units responsible for the AGC may not be able to compensate this variation in generating power. Taking into account, reserves must be redispatched to keep the power balance. However, since reserves have different costs and response ramps, our problem is to find out which reserves have to be redispatched at minimum cost. This paper addresses the question of the optimal dispatch of reserves against wind power ramp events by taking account of operational constraints including interruptible load contracts.","PeriodicalId":448644,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126959371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johanna S. Castellanos A., Diego Patiño Guevara, C. Correa-Flórez, G. Ordóñez-Plata
{"title":"Assessment of Harmonic Distortion Associated with PV Penetration in a Low Voltage Distribution Network","authors":"Johanna S. Castellanos A., Diego Patiño Guevara, C. Correa-Flórez, G. Ordóñez-Plata","doi":"10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326177","url":null,"abstract":"The photovoltaic penetration brings huge challenges to the distribution networks operators in different aspects related with the power quality. This paper pretends to show an assessment of the distortion of current and voltage signals caused by photovoltaic penetration of a low voltage distribution network based on a CIGRE benchmark with European configuration, which contains three subnetworks, namely residential, industrial and commercial. For this purpose ten photovoltaic systems are proposed, five in the residential, one in the industrial and four in the commercial subnetwork. All of them in five scenarios where each photovoltaic system changes its power rate according to the penetration percentage which could be 1%, 5%, 15%, 30% or 50%. The simulation is developed in OpenDSS software together with Python where the total harmonic distortion of current and voltage are calculated. Additionally, the total losses of the system are presented by each scenario. Results show that the voltage distortion in the transformer points is too small, however, the current distortion exceeds quality standard conditions, especially the residential subnetwork which achieves a current distortion around 80% in the scenario with highest penetration.","PeriodicalId":448644,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123156061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Fernando Guerrero, Felipe Muñoz Fajardo, J. Barco-Jiménez
{"title":"Technical and Economic Feasibility of a Photovoltaic Charging Station for Electric Bicycles Considering a Lead-Acid Battery Degradation Model","authors":"Juan Fernando Guerrero, Felipe Muñoz Fajardo, J. Barco-Jiménez","doi":"10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326155","url":null,"abstract":"Electric mobility is a new concept that is emerging as a technically viable alternative and socially accepted to address mobility problems and pollution generated by conventional transport. However, electric mobility models require an analysis of technical and financial viability to guarantee their sustainability over time. This article presents the design of a photovoltaic station for recharging electric bicycles, calculating its financial and technical feasibility considering the replacement of batteries, the bicycle loan fee. Some simulations using Matlab y HOMER PRO were carried out to validate the PV system operation and to estimate the battery degradation.","PeriodicalId":448644,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121448408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential Benefits of Implementing Ambient Adjusted Rating in the Argentinean Transmission System","authors":"S. Pascual, A. D. Rosso, M. Anello","doi":"10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326151","url":null,"abstract":"It is a common practice in electric transmission companies to implement static ratings or seasonal ratings for their transmission lines, for use in operations, planning and market models. Those ratings are calculated assuming worst temperature, wind and solar radiation conditions the line is expected to operate. Consideration of such conservative assumption usually lead to less efficient use of existing assets. The use of ambient-adjusted ratings (AARs) implemented by some entities, which adjust rating frequently based on local ambient air temperatures, has proven to be cost-effective solution to increase the capacity of transmission lines, which in turn brings multiple benefits to the system. This paper discusses the potential use and benefits of implementing AAR in the Argentinean transmission network. A case study is presented to illustrate the concept. The study shows how AAR can be used to increase the transmission capability of thermal limited transmission path that constrains the output of a wind plant. With the increased transmission capacity wind energy curtailed can be significantly reduced. The paper discusses other potential benefits of the technology and implementation considerations.","PeriodicalId":448644,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113979308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Vera Silva, Agustín Rafael Marulanda Guerra
{"title":"Practical PV Hosting Capacity Determination Using Load Factor of the Distribution Transformer","authors":"Carlos Vera Silva, Agustín Rafael Marulanda Guerra","doi":"10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.9326136","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that photovoltaic generation may cause voltage variations and imbalances, harmonics of current and voltage, flickers, reverse power flow, additional aging in medium/low distribution transformers, and voltage regulators. A way to reduce these consequences is to select an adequate level of PV generation in the distribution systems. PV Hosting Capacity (PVHC) is intended to achieve this goal by the determination of the maximum PV generation allowed in the system. This work presents a practical method to calculate the PVHC in a medium voltage feeder, analyzing the relationship between the load factor of the distribution transformer and the voltage, the current, and the active power when the PV solar penetration level changes. The results allowed to conclude that there is a direct relationship between PV solar penetration level and a load factor of the distribution transformers.","PeriodicalId":448644,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126346966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}