Patrícia U. L. da Costa, P. Pereira, Guilherme Paim, E. Costa, S. Bampi
{"title":"Boosting the Efficiency of the Harmonics Elimination VLSI Architecture by Arithmetic Approximations","authors":"Patrícia U. L. da Costa, P. Pereira, Guilherme Paim, E. Costa, S. Bampi","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665538","url":null,"abstract":"Approximate computing emerged as a key alternative for trading off accuracy against energy efficiency and area reduction. Error-tolerant applications, such as multimedia processing, machine learning, and signal processing, can process the information with lower-than-standard accuracy at the circuit level while still fulfilling a good and acceptable service quality at the application level. Adaptive filtering-based systems have been demonstrating high resiliency against hardware errors due to their intrinsic self-healing characteristic. This paper investigates the design space exploration of arithmetic approximations in a Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) harmonic elimination (HE) hardware architecture based on Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filters. We evaluate the Pareto front of the area- and power versus quality curves by relaxing the arithmetic precision and by adopting both approximate multipliers (AxMs) in combination with approximate adders (AxAs). This paper explores the benefits and impacts of the Dynamic Range Unbiased (DRUM), Rounding-based Approximate (RoBA), and Leading one Bit-based Approximate (LoBA) multipliers in the power dissipation, circuit area, and quality of the VLSI HE architectures. Our results highlight the LoBA 0 as the most efficient AxM applied in the HE architecture. We combine the LoBA 0 with Copy and LOA AxAs with variations in the approximation level (L). Notably, LoBA 0 and LOA with $L=6$ resulted in savings of 43.7% in circuit area and 45.2% in power dissipation, compared to the exact HE, which uses multiplier and adder automatically selected by the logic synthesis tool. Finally, we demonstrate that the best hardware architecture found in our investigation successfully eliminates the contaminating spurious noise (i.e., 60 Hz and its harmonics) from the signal.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133264783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mustapha, Sagiru Gaya, B. Mohammad, M. Abou-Khousa
{"title":"Wideband Low Noise Amplifiers for mm-Wave 5G Application using Capacitive Feedback Technique in 22nm FDSOI","authors":"A. Mustapha, Sagiru Gaya, B. Mohammad, M. Abou-Khousa","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665531","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents two cascode LNA with capacitive drain-to-source feedback in 22nm FDSOI process technology. The input is noise matched for low noise figure while the drain to source capacitive feedback improves the input conjugate matching without degrading the noise figure. A gain of 22dB with a 3dB bandwidth from 20–30 GHz is achieved with the first design targeted towards 5G applications. The simulated noise figure is between 2.77–3.4dB. The second LNA design adopts the same technique but is designed for a high gain. A gain of 27dB with 3dB bandwidth from 18–25 GHz is achieved. The noise figure is between 2.82–3.4dB. Both designs consume less than 39mW of power from a 1V power supply.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133429588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayman Mohamed, D. Djekic, Lars Baumgärtner, J. Anders
{"title":"Noise-aware design methodology of ultra-low-noise transimpedance amplifiers","authors":"Ayman Mohamed, D. Djekic, Lars Baumgärtner, J. Anders","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665532","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the noise performance of transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs) to enable the design of ultra-low-noise current sensing frontends. While prior research on TIA noise focused on the thermal noise of the differential pair, here, we explicitly include the flicker noise of all noise-critical transistors. Using our analysis, we show that flicker noise of the input differential pair can be a primary noise source under many practically relevant circumstances. Moreover, based on this extended analysis, we propose a complete design methodology for ultra-low-noise TIAs. To this end, we derive analytical noise equations that help to interpret and optimize the noise behavior of a TIA before performing detailed transistor-level simulations. The presented analytical model achieves high accuracy by including BSIM4 parameters of the target technology. The proposed model and design approach are verified by an example design of an ultra-low-noise TIA in a 180 nm CMOS SOI technology.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122397064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin Herisse, Benoît Larras, A. Frappé, Andreas Kaiser
{"title":"Keyword Spotting System using Low-complexity Feature Extraction and Quantized LSTM","authors":"Kevin Herisse, Benoît Larras, A. Frappé, Andreas Kaiser","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665486","url":null,"abstract":"Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks offer state-of-the-art results to compute sequential data and address applications like keyword spotting. Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) are the most common features used to train this neural network model. However, the complexity of MFCC coupled with highly optimized machine learning neural networks usually makes the MFCC feature extraction the most power-consuming block of the system. This paper presents a low complexity feature extraction method using a filter bank composed of 16 channels with a quality factor of 1.3 to compute a spectrogram. It shows that we can achieve an 89.45% accuracy on 12 classes of the Google Speech Command Dataset using an LSTM network of 64 hidden units with weights and activation quantized to 9 bits and inputs quantized to 8 bits.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122437064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Toth, M. Tiesing, Lukas Naumann, Andreas Fröhlich, Thomas Wirths, P. Knott
{"title":"Ultra Wideband 43 GHz Preamplifier with up to 60 dB adjustable Gain for accurate Noise Figure Measurement of Cryogenic LNAs","authors":"Peter Toth, M. Tiesing, Lukas Naumann, Andreas Fröhlich, Thomas Wirths, P. Knott","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665628","url":null,"abstract":"Noise-sensitive applications such as scaleable control electronics for quantum computing or RADAR systems for space debris detection require a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to achieve the necessary sensitivity. Cryo cooling of the frontend electronics is a suitable approach. However, the low-temperature environment affects the operation of the used components resulting in trade-off considerations at the system design level. This work presents the design and implementation of a preamplifier for highly accurate noise figure (NF) measurements of cryogenically cooled low-noise amplifiers (LNA) in the single-digit noise temperature range. The proposed device is a 43 GHz wideband, temperature-controlled amplification system with a programmable gain of up to 60 dB. A complex three-path configurable circuit topology provides flexible high gain amplification over a broad bandwidth from 1 GHz to 44 GHz. In the scope of this work, the functionality of the preamplifier is characterized, and usability is demonstrated. The relative accuracy in the proof-of-concept scenario has increased by a factor of 80 with the utilization of the preamplifier","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123922697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bappaditya Dey, Kasem Khalil, Ashok Kumar, M. Bayoumi
{"title":"A Reversible-Logic based Architecture for VGGNet","authors":"Bappaditya Dey, Kasem Khalil, Ashok Kumar, M. Bayoumi","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665605","url":null,"abstract":"Computer vision is witnessing increased usage of Convolutional-Neural-Network (CNN) deep learning architectures. Researchers have experimented with more complex architecture variants of CNN, such as VGGX, GoogleNet, and ImageNet to correlate depth of architectures, especially convolutional blocks with model accuracy. Such architectures are extensively used in complex object classification and computer vision problems such as self-driving cars, surveillance, and security systems. However, the drawbacks are high computational cost, area overhead, and excessive power dissipation since the operations involved under CNN architectures are both computationally and memory extensive. This work proposes a novel design fully reversible-logic based VGGNet architecture for low-power VLSI (Very-Large-Scale-Integration) circuit synthesis. We have implemented two architecture variants of VGGNet, as RL-VGG-16 and RL-VGG-19 using only reversible logic gates and circuits. Ideally, no information can be erased during reversible logic operations. Therefore, reversible circuits generally do not dissipate any heat. The proposed architectures have been implemented using VHDL on Altera Arria10 GX FPGA. The comparative analysis demonstrates that proposed RL-VGG-16 architecture achieves approximately an 18.08% decrease in overall power dissipation compared to the classical VGG-16 architecture. The proposed RL-VGG-19 architecture achieves approximately a 16.48% decrease in overall power dissipation compared to classical VGG-19 architecture. Both proposed approaches also have better scalability than the classical design approaches.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121392376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simple LiFi Oximeter Monitoring system for Telehealth applications","authors":"M. Darweesh, Diana W. Dawoud","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665481","url":null,"abstract":"Classical techniques for the ultra-dense IoMT consider conventional radio frequency (RF) wireless transmission techniques such as WiFi to convey collected screened data, despite the adverse health effects of RF waveforms utilized in these classical wireless techniques. In this paper, to develop more suitable, harmless and practical solution, the deployment of the hazardless LiFi wireless communication system to operate along with the commercially available wearable devices is adopted, by presenting and experimentally demonstrating a smart monitoring system based on a MAX30102 biomedical sensor in conjunction with LiFi transmission link. The results show the effectiveness of the presented work to monitor the oxygen saturation level in the human body and to initiate an alarm signal in case of a drop in the body oxygen level.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129165037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forward Body Bias Technique for Low Voltage and Area Constrained LDO Design in Deep Submicron Technologies","authors":"Angelito A. Silverio","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665545","url":null,"abstract":"A method for expanding low dropout (LDO) regulator functionality under low supply voltage and area constrained applications is presented. This is accomplished using forward body bias (FBB) technique onto an LDO's pass element. Here, the MOS' bulk-source PN junction is forward biased thereby reducing the effective threshold voltage. This lead to a narrower MOS width for the same current drive when compared to a pass element without bulk effect, as well as, a comparable “on” resistance when compared to a wider MOS. Consequently, a lower dropout voltage is also achieved when compared to a similar MOS without FBB. This work also presents a suitable ultra-low power FBB driver circuit and a switching network that reduces the leakage current from the pass element. Finally, this work shows a theoretical framework for the FBB with consideration to maximum threshold voltage reduction, width reduction and minimum supply voltage. SPICE simulations verify the functionality of the technique using BSIM3 and Predictive Technology MOS Models.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115853791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A High Performance and Full Utilization Hardware Implementation of Floating Point Arithmetic Units","authors":"Chen Yang, Siwei Xiang, Jiaxing Wang, Liyan Liang","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665459","url":null,"abstract":"Floating point operations are widely used in the fields of communication algorithm, digital signal processing, artificial intelligence and so on. However, the low computation speed and excessive resource consumption have become key limitations on system performance and hardware overhead. Thus, the area efficiency of floating point arithmetic units is important to accelerate computation and reduce resources. This paper presents high performance and area efficient floating point arithmetic units, including adder, multiplier and reciprocal operator. The proposed floating point arithmetic units are evaluated based on a typical scenario of $4times 4$ matrix inversion in communication. Experimental results show that our designs achieved improvements on both performance and resource overhead. Compared with Xilinx Vivado IP, our designs save 20%-45% resources and only consumes 1/4 computing latency. Compared to DesignWare IP, our designs need only 1/4 computing latency, as well as improving area efficiency by 3.65 times.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116926714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dautovic, N. Samardzic, A. Juhas, A. Ascoli, R. Tetzlaff
{"title":"Simscape and LTspice models of HP ideal generic memristor based on finite closed form solution for window functions","authors":"S. Dautovic, N. Samardzic, A. Juhas, A. Ascoli, R. Tetzlaff","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665488","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the application of our analytical solution for Joglekar's and Prodromakis' window functions [1] in circuit simulators Simscape and LTspice for modeling of HP memristor as an ideal generic memristor [2]. The existing analytical solution for Joglekar's window [3] contains infinite hyper geometric series [4], while our model provides finite closed form expressions for charge $q(x)$ and flux $varphi(x)$ dependence on state variable $x$. In simulations, the solution for state variable $x$ in our case may follow from numerical solving of nonlinear algebraic equation, instead of ODE. The convergence, accuracy and simulation speed of the models are analyzed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116954505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}