Ultrasound International Open最新文献

{"title":"Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia: Ultrasound Characteristics and Diagnostic Pitfalls.","authors":"Alexandros Psarris,&nbsp;Michail Sindos,&nbsp;Ploutarchos Kourtis,&nbsp;Andreas Pampanos,&nbsp;Panagiotis Antsaklis,&nbsp;Marianna Theodora,&nbsp;Maria Eleni Chondrogianni,&nbsp;Georgios Morphopoulos,&nbsp;Dimitrios Loutradis,&nbsp;Georgios Daskalakis","doi":"10.1055/a-1180-9571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1180-9571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare, benign developmental anomaly with a reported prevalence of 0.02% (Arizawa and Nakayama, 2002). It is characterized by placentomegaly with multiple cystic lesions of the stem villi and vascular anomalies (Pawoo and Heller, 2014). Early detection of PMD has been described during routine prenatal ultrasound (Vaisbuch et al., 2009). The sonographic characteristics of PMD include increased placental thickness and multiple cystic areas within the placenta with either an absence of blood flow or with low venous Doppler signals (Vaisbuch et al., 2009). The differential diagnosis of multicystic placental lesions with the presence of a live fetus include partial molar pregnancy, multiple hematomas, chorioangioma Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and PMD. Chorioangiomas are well circumscribed masses within the placenta and they are characterized by the presence of a single feeding vessel with the same pulse rate as the umbilical cord (Zalel et al., 2002). Invasive prenatal testing is required for the exclusion of partial molar pregnancy and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (Vaisbuch et al., 2009). Definitive diagnosis of PMD is based on the pathologic examination of the placenta. Histology reveals aneurysm or dilated blood vessels that may be thrombosed. The stem villi are edematous and enlarged with thick-walled vessels, without trophoblastic proliferation (Pawoo and Heller, 2014). This case report highlights the significance of the early detection of PMD, illustrates the pitfalls in differential diagnosis and provides valuable insights regarding PMD management in a clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":44852,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound International Open","volume":"6 1","pages":"E2-E3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-1180-9571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38152843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound Curricula of Student Education in Europe: Summary of the Experience.","authors":"Helmut Prosch, Maija Radzina, Christoph F Dietrich, Michael Bachmann Nielsen, Sven Baumann, Caroline Ewertsen, Christian Jenssen, Adnan Kabaalioğlu, Wojciech Kosiak, Wolfgang Kratzer, Adrian Lim, Alina Popescu, Vladimir Mitkov, Cosima Schiavone, Martin Wohlin, Matthias Wüstner, Vito Cantisani","doi":"10.1055/a-1183-3009","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-1183-3009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b> Despite the increasing role of ultrasound, structured ultrasound teaching is only slowly being integrated into the curricula of medical schools and universities all over Europe. <b>Aim</b> To survey the current situation at European universities regarding the integration of ultrasound in student medical education and to report on models of student ultrasound training from selected European universities. <b>Methods</b> A questionnaire survey focusing on the implementation of curricular ultrasound education was sent out to the 28 presidents of the national ultrasound societies of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), who were asked to distribute the questionnaires to the medical universities of their countries. <b>Results</b> Overall, 53 questionnaires were returned from 46 universities in 17 European countries. In most of the universities (40/46 universities, 87%), the theoretical background of ultrasound is taught. However, in only a minority of universities is ultrasound integrated in anatomy courses (8/46 universities, 17%) or basic science courses (16/46 universities, 35%). Practical skills in ultrasound are taught in 56% of the universities (26/46 universities) and tested in a practical exam in seven of the responding universities (15%). The number of hours in which ultrasound was taught ranged from one to 58 (mean, seven). The respondents reported that lack of time and limited faculty funding were major hurdles. <b>Conclusion</b> According to our survey, only a minority of European universities has integrated ultrasound into the preclinical curriculum thus far. Future EFSUMB initiatives will continue to promote the introduction of ultrasound as an integrative part of the core curriculum of student medical education, and the preparation of proper teaching material.</p>","PeriodicalId":44852,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound International Open","volume":"6 1","pages":"E25-E33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/bd/10-1055-a-1183-3009.PMC7458842.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38440762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Vito Cantisani","doi":"10.1055/a-1199-4883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1199-4883","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Colleagues, It is a pleasure to introduce the present issue of Ultrasound International Open. It contains an updated overview of how handling ultrasound systems, fundamental adjustments, and their optimization in B-mode ultrasound provided by Dr. Zander and colleagues.","PeriodicalId":44852,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound International Open","volume":"6 1","pages":"E1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-1199-4883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38481835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-Guided Cryoablation of Renal Grafts Tumors.","authors":"Janni Lynggård Bo Madsen,&nbsp;Camilla Brinkmann Bak-Ipsen,&nbsp;Tommy Kjærgaard Nielsen,&nbsp;Jan Solvig,&nbsp;Ole Graumann","doi":"10.1055/a-1196-2244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1196-2244","url":null,"abstract":"Tumors in renal grafts are rare with an estimated prevalence of 0.18 % (X. Tillou et al. Transplant Rev. 2015 and FM Drudi et al. J Ultrasound. 2019 [1, 2]). An increased incidence of graft tumors may be observed in the future due to increased donor age and prolonged graft survival. Furthermore, the immunosuppressant state of graft recipients may cause the tumor to behave more aggressively (G. Ploussard et al. BJU Int. 2012: 109: 195–9 [3]). In these complex cases, there is a need for a minimally invasive nephron-sparing treatment option that can keep patients free of dialysis. Here we present two cases of T1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in renal grafts that were successfully treated using ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoablation: a minimally invasive technique where only the tumor is destroyed, and the graft’s function is preserved. Furthermore, when comparing percutaneous cryoablation to laparoscopic cryoablation and partial nephrectomy, the risk of treatment-related complications is decreased (T. Klatte et al. J Urology. 2014: 191: 1209–17 [4]).","PeriodicalId":44852,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound International Open","volume":"6 1","pages":"E4-E6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-1196-2244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38215919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer with Long-Term Survival in High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Therapy.","authors":"Atsushi Sofuni,&nbsp;Mitsuru Fujita,&nbsp;Yasutsugu Asai,&nbsp;Takayoshi Tsuchiya,&nbsp;Kentaro Ishii,&nbsp;Reina Tanaka,&nbsp;Ryosuke Tonozuka,&nbsp;Mitsuyoshi Honjo,&nbsp;Shuntaro Mukai,&nbsp;Kazumasa Nagai,&nbsp;Kenjiro Yamamoto,&nbsp;Yukitoshi Matsunami,&nbsp;Takashi Kurosawa,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kojima,&nbsp;Takao Itoi","doi":"10.1055/a-1061-7790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1061-7790","url":null,"abstract":"Despite advancements in imaging diagnosis, about 60% of cases of pancreatic cancer (PC) are still unresectable. Chemotherapy and radiochemotherapy are commonly performed as alternative treatments, but satisfaction with the results remains low. High intensity focused ultrasound therapy (HIFU) is expected to be a minimally invasive therapy for these cases. HIFU is an epoch-making therapeutic method and is a local therapy that converges a large number of ultrasonic transmission sources at one point at the target site of the tumor and cauterizes tissues from outside the body 1 2 3 . \u0000 \u0000Case Description \u0000A 63-year-old male, who underwent CT examination at another medical center due to epigastric pain, was then diagnosed with a low-density tumor (65mm) infiltrating the celiac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in the pancreas body ( Fig. 1a ). It was histologically diagnosed as PC (UICC criteria; stage III) by EUS-FNA. There was no suitable surgery. Therefore, chemoradiotherapy was initiated due to locally advanced PC. Chemotherapy was performed with GS therapy (GEM 1000 mg/m 2 +S-1 100 mg/day), and radiotherapy with 50.4 Gy / 28 fraction. After receiving GS therapy (GEM 1000 mg/m 2 +S-1 100 mg/day) for 2 months, the PC was still diagnosed as progressive disease (PD) based on WHO criteria by CT. The patient presented at our hospital for HIFU therapy. Under sufficient informed consent, HIFU therapy was performed as an additive therapy to systemic chemotherapy. This clinical trial was approved by the ethics committee of our hospital (IRB: 890) and registered with University Hospital Medical Information (UMIN) and was initiated (UMIN000009969). B-mode US showed a hypoechoic mass in the pancreas body ( Fig. 2a ), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CE-US) showed isovascularity in previous HIFU therapy ( Fig. 2b ). The FEP-BY 02 HIFU Therapeutic System was used as the HIFU device. (Yuande Bio-Medical Engineering, Beijing, China) ( Fig. 3 ). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Open in a separate window \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Fig. 1 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000CT imaging: a : CT before HIFU therapy showed a low-density mass (65 mm) infiltrating the CA and SMA in the pancreas body. b : CT imaging 3 months after HIFU therapy showed that the pancreas tumor had shrunk slightly. c : CT imaging after the second HIFU therapy (5 months after the first HIFU therapy) showed that the tumor had shrunk and PR in the therapeutic effect was obtained. d : CT imaging after the 4th HIFU therapy (19 months after the first HIFU therapy) showed the tumor size was unchanged (PR continued). e : CT imaging after the 7th HIFU therapy (39 months after the first HIFU therapy) showed continued PR until the patient passed away.","PeriodicalId":44852,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound International Open","volume":"5 3","pages":"E89-E92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-1061-7790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37529756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Caroline Ewertsen","doi":"10.1055/a-1044-7237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1044-7237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dear Colleagues, Europe is severely hit by the virus SARS-CoV-2 and most countries report increasing numbers of people affected by COVID-19. WHO has declared it a pandemic, many countries have introduced severe restrictions on travelling and thousands of people around Europe are in quarantine. Currently, the most severely affected European country is Italy, which also experienced some of the first European cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":44852,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound International Open","volume":"5 3","pages":"E80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-1044-7237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37811565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Diagnosis of Teratoma in a Torqued Undescended Testis Masked as Unclear Intra-Abdominal Mass.","authors":"Adeline Walter,&nbsp;Alexander C Engels,&nbsp;Andreas Heydweiller,&nbsp;Annegret Geipel,&nbsp;Ulrich Gembruch","doi":"10.1055/a-1088-3569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1088-3569","url":null,"abstract":"Constantly improving ultrasound technologies facilitate prenatal detection of various fetal diseases, including low-incidence disorders that are typically diagnosed postnatally, such as testicular teratoma. These can appear as an unclear cystic intra-abdominal structure, caused by an undescended torqued testis. In the case of such uncertain cystic intra-abdominal lesions, a cryptorchidism could lead the investigator to narrow the possibilities to the urogenital tract. Herein, we report the second case of a prenatally detected cystic-solid lesion being a testicular teratoma by a torqued undescended testis and the seventh case of a prenatally seen testicular teratoma. In late gestation, a structured evaluation of the testes would be beneficial to detect such malformations.","PeriodicalId":44852,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound International Open","volume":"5 3","pages":"E96-E97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-1088-3569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37687296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Diagnosis of Adrenal Neuroblastoma - Differential Diagnosis of Suprarenal Masses in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy.","authors":"Alexandros Psarris,&nbsp;Michail Sindos,&nbsp;Anastasia Dimopoulou,&nbsp;Panagiotis Antsaklis,&nbsp;Antonios Psarakis,&nbsp;Thomas Kataras,&nbsp;Dimitrios Loutradis,&nbsp;Georgios Daskalakis","doi":"10.1055/a-1070-8651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1070-8651","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroblastoma is the most common malignant extracranial solid tumor in infancy with an incidence rate of 58 per million infants younger than one year old. It originates from the neural crest during fetal development and may arise from the sympathetic ganglia or the adrenal medulla (Gurney JG, et al. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1997; 19: 428). \u0000 \u0000Prenatal detection of neuroblastoma was first described in 1983 (Fenart D, et al. Journalde Radiologie 1983; 64: 359). In the majority of antenatally diagnosed cases, neuroblastomas are adrenal in origin and right-sided. Differentiating neuroblastomas from other fetal suprarenal masses such as extralobar pulmonary sequestration, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, renal duplication, urinoma, gastric duplication cyst, and splenic cyst may be very difficult. However, improvements in ultrasound technology have made early detection possible and, combined with fetal MRI, facilitate differential diagnosis. Finally, prenatal diagnosis of a neuroblastoma is associated with a better prognosis, as it can resolve spontaneously either in utero or shortly after birth (Maki E, et al. J Ultrasound Med 2014; 33:895–904). \u0000 \u0000This is a case of a mixed cystic and solid suprarenal tumor that was identified during a routine antenatal visit in the third trimester of pregnancy and was diagnosed as an adrenal neuroblastoma. \u0000 \u0000Case description \u0000A 27-year-old pregnant woman presented to the outpatient clinic of Alexandra Maternity Hospital in Athens, Greece during the third trimester of her pregnancy. The woman was Gravida 2 Para 0 (G2P0). The gestational age of the pregnancy was 38 weeks and 2 days. The woman’s past medical history was uneventful. \u0000 \u0000During her pregnancy, she underwent prenatal testing including first trimester scan, anomaly scan, 3 rd trimester Doppler scan without any abnormal findings. During the initial ultrasound scan we detected one fetus in occiput anterior position. All growth parameters (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, estimated fetal weight) and the amniotic fluid index were within normal range for the gestational age. During the scan a well circumscribed mass was detected over the left kidney ( Fig. 1 ). The mass appeared to have both cystic and solid areas and appeared to originate from the left adrenal gland ( Fig. 1 ). The anatomy of the left kidney was not altered. The mass measured 4.40 × 4.12 cm ( Fig. 2 ). Doppler evaluation did not reveal increased blood flow towards the mass nor a single feeding vessel ( Fig. 3 ). The right kidney and right adrenal gland appeared normal ( Fig. 4a and b). Extensive ultrasound examination of the fetus revealed no other abnormalities. After careful evaluation of the ultrasound appearance of the tumor, the diagnosis of adrenal neuroblastoma was suggested. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Open in a separate window \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Fig. 1 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The mass is well circumscribed with both cystic and solid areas and appears to originate from the left adrenal gland.","PeriodicalId":44852,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound International Open","volume":"5 3","pages":"E93-E95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-1070-8651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37570105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Student Perceptions of Instructional Ultrasound Videos as Preparation for a Practical Assessment","authors":"M. Altersberger, P. Pavelka, A. Sachs, Michael Weber, M. Wagner-Menghin, H. Prosch","doi":"10.1055/a-1024-4573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1024-4573","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Learning ultrasound early in the medical school curriculum helps students to understand anatomy and pathology and to perform defined ultrasound standard views. Instructional videos are a potentially valuable tool for improving the process of learning ultrasound skills. It was the aim of the present study to investigate how students perceived instructional videos as a learning aid, compared to other learning opportunities, in preparation for an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Materials and Methods Eleven concise ultrasound videos were created and implemented in the 4th year at the Medical University of Vienna. The videos illustrate the predefined examination process, image optimization, and nine standardized ultrasound views. The videos were available to be used in preparation for the practical ultrasound examination, which was part of the objective structured clinical examination. The students’ perceptions of the instructional videos and other learning methods were surveyed using an online questionnaire. Results In total, 445 of 640 students (69.5% of the cohort) used the instructional videos. Of those students, 134 (30%) answered the questionnaire. Of this group, 88.9% rated the instructional videos as very helpful (49.6% as extremely helpful). An ANOVA revealed a significant difference between various learning materials in terms of helpfulness. Post hoc analysis showed that instructional videos were perceived as the second most helpful learning material after “self-execution and feedback.” Conclusion The study revealed that students use instructional videos frequently and appreciate them as an extra tool for effective studying.","PeriodicalId":44852,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound International Open","volume":"1 1","pages":"E81 - E88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89541335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated Echogenic Cardiac Focus: Assessing Association with Trisomy 21 by Combining Results from a Prenatal Center with a Bayesian Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Elisabeth Wrede,&nbsp;Alexander Johannes Knippel,&nbsp;Pablo Emilio Verde,&nbsp;Ruediger Hammer,&nbsp;Peter Kozlowski","doi":"10.1055/a-1118-3974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1118-3974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b> To investigate the clinical relevance of an isolated echogenic cardiac focus (iECF) as a marker for trisomy 21 using a large second-trimester collective including a low-risk subgroup. <b>Materials and Methods</b> We retrospectively evaluated 1 25 211 pregnancies from 2000-2016 and analyzed all iECF cases with regard to chromosomal anomalies. It consisted of an early second-trimester collective from 14+0-17+6 weeks (n=34 791) and a second-trimester anomaly scan collective from 18+0-21+6 weeks. Two a priori risk subgroups (high and low risk) of the latter were built based on maternal age and previous screening test results using a cut-off of 1:300. Likelihood ratios (LR) of iECF for the detection of trisomy 21, trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and structural chromosomal anomalies were estimated. <b>Results</b> In total, 1 04 001 patients were included. An iECF was found in 4416 of 1 02 847 euploid fetuses (4.29%) and in 64 of 557 cases with trisomy 21 (11.49%) giving a positive LR of 2.68 (CI: 2.12-3.2). The sensitivity was 11.5% at a false-positive rate of 4.29% (CI:4.17-4.42) with p≤0.01%. In the high-and low-risk subgroups, the prevalence of iECF was comparable: 5.08% vs. 5.05%. The frequency of trisomy 21 was 0.39%, 98/24 979 vs 0.16%, 69/44 103. LR+was 3.86 (2.43-5.14) and 2.59 (1.05-4). For both subgroups the association of iECF with trisomy 21 was statistically significant. The prevalence of structural chromosomal anomalies in the second-trimester anomaly scan collective was 0.08% (52/68 967), of which 2 showed an iECF. <b>Conclusion</b> The detection of an iECF at the time of 14+0-21+6 weeks significantly increases the risk for trisomy 21 in the high-risk and in the low-risk subgroups and does not statistically change the risks for trisomy 13/18 or structural abnormalitie.</p>","PeriodicalId":44852,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound International Open","volume":"5 3","pages":"E98-E106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-1118-3974","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37726562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}