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Patterns, processes and models – an analytical review of current ambiguous interpretations of the evidence for pre-Pleistocene glaciations 模式、过程和模型--对目前关于上新世前冰川证据的模糊解释的分析性审查
IF 1
Geologos Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.15
Mats O. Molén
{"title":"Patterns, processes and models – an analytical review of current ambiguous interpretations of the evidence for pre-Pleistocene glaciations","authors":"Mats O. Molén","doi":"10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Models (paradigms) and former interpretations have often been presupposed when conducting field research. In the 19th century diamictites were for the first time interpreted to have originated from ancient glaciations. These interpretations have to a large part prevailed in the geological community, although there has been much progress in the areas of sedimentology, glaciology and physical geography. The present work is an effort to find criteria which most clearly discriminate between geological features produced by different processes, mainly glaciation and mass flow, the latter predominantly sediment gravity flows. Geological features which have been interpreted to have formed by glaciation throughout pre-Pleistocene Earth history are compared to similar-appearing geological features formed by mass flow and tectonics, so as to uncover variations in the appearance between features resulting from these different processes. The starting point for this comparison is documentation of the appearance of Quaternary products of erosion and deposition, in order to discern the origin of older formations. It is shown that the appearance and origin of pavements, dropstones, valleys, small-scale landforms, surface microtextures and most other geological features may in some cases be equivocal, but in others the details are indicative of the process which generated the feature. Detailed geological field data which have been compiled by geologists from outcrops of pre-Pleistocene strata, more often than is considered in most papers, commonly point to a mass flow origin, mainly a sediment gravity flow origin, rather than a glaciogenic origin. A process of multiple working hypotheses or interpretations is therefore advocated, based mainly on a comparison of the appearance of features formed by different geological processes documented from different research disciplines. Instead of starting with current interpretations or models, this multiple working hypothesis or methodology helps to avoid confirmation bias and jumping to conclusions.","PeriodicalId":44833,"journal":{"name":"Geologos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pliny and the eruption of Vesuvius, by Pedar W. Foss, 2022. Routledge, 1st edition; 334 pages. Hardback: price £136.00, e-book: price £39.99; ISBN: 978-0415705462. 普林尼与维苏威火山爆发》,Pedar W. Foss 著,2022 年。Routledge,第 1 版;334 页。精装本售价 136.00 英镑,电子书售价 39.99 英镑;ISBN:978-0415705462。
IF 1
Geologos Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.20
C. Scarpati
{"title":"Pliny and the eruption of Vesuvius, by Pedar W. Foss, 2022. Routledge, 1st edition; 334 pages. Hardback: price £136.00, e-book: price £39.99; ISBN: 978-0415705462.","authors":"C. Scarpati","doi":"10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44833,"journal":{"name":"Geologos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Facies and statistical analyses of a crevasse-splay complex at the Tomisławice opencast lignite mine in central Poland 波兰中部托米斯瓦维采露天褐煤矿区裂隙喷涌复合体的地貌和统计分析
IF 1
Geologos Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.17
Mariusz Dziamara, Paweł Kaczmarek, Jakub Klęsk, Robert Wachocki, Marek Widera
{"title":"Facies and statistical analyses of a crevasse-splay complex at the Tomisławice opencast lignite mine in central Poland","authors":"Mariusz Dziamara, Paweł Kaczmarek, Jakub Klęsk, Robert Wachocki, Marek Widera","doi":"10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.17","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The studied crevasse-splay complex, situated within the 1st Mid-Polish lignite seam (MPLS-1), ranks amongst the best-developed and most readily accessible for direct research of all hard coal and lignite occurrences worldwide. The sandy-coaly sediments constituting it required a number of field and laboratory tests. However, the present article focuses solely on sedimentological and statistical analyses of sediments along a selected key section, the most important results of which are presented below. First of all, data obtained in previous sedimentological studies have been confirmed, in that individual segments of this complex represent both subaerial and subaqueous types of crevasse splays. On the one hand, their sediments are characterised by an extremely high content of coalified organic matter, reaching 20–40 wt.% in some samples; on the other, these crevasse splays are composed of fine sands with a median and mean grain size of 0.15 mm. In addition, the remaining statistical parameters (standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) indicate a very good sorting of these sands, no significant so-called ‘tails’ and a better sorting close to the sediment mean grain size value, respectively.","PeriodicalId":44833,"journal":{"name":"Geologos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First record of blister pearls in the oyster Hyotissa hyotis (Linné, 1758) from Pliocene deposits at Sidi Brahim, Lower Chelif Basin (north-west Algeria) 阿尔及利亚西北部下谢里夫盆地 Sidi Brahim 的上新世沉积物首次记录到牡蛎 Hyotissa hyotis (Linné, 1758) 的水泡珍珠
IF 1
Geologos Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.16
Rachid Khalili, O. Vinn
{"title":"First record of blister pearls in the oyster Hyotissa hyotis (Linné, 1758) from Pliocene deposits at Sidi Brahim, Lower Chelif Basin (north-west Algeria)","authors":"Rachid Khalili, O. Vinn","doi":"10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fossil pearls are rare but important palaeoecological indicators in proving the former presence of parasites. A single right valve of Hyotissa hyotis from the Pliocene of Sidi Brahim shows numerous blister pearls inside the adductor muscle imprint. At the same locality, numerous shells with smooth adductor scars and without any blisters, have been collected. The structures in the studied valve can be assigned to blister pearls with high confidence due to their similarity to other Cenozoic pearls from Austria. The blister pearls likely formed as a reaction to parasite infestation. It is possible that some parasites especially targeted areas associated with the adductor muscles in the oyster genus Hyotissa, because similar blister pearls have previously been described in a congeneric species, H. squarrosa, from the Miocene of Austria.","PeriodicalId":44833,"journal":{"name":"Geologos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Critical assessment of Jenny’s soil forming equation in light of cosmic airbursts on the Viso Massif 根据维索山丘宇宙空爆对珍妮的土壤形成方程进行批判性评估
IF 1
Geologos Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.18
W. Mahaney
{"title":"Critical assessment of Jenny’s soil forming equation in light of cosmic airbursts on the Viso Massif","authors":"W. Mahaney","doi":"10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Jenny’s soil formation equation places soil morphogenesis as a response to climate (cl), biota (o), relief (r), parent material (p), and time (t), written thus: s= f (cl, o, r, p, t…), where each variable is considered independent. Because some soils and paleosols contain cosmic impact/airburst evidence, recent soil morphogenesis research requires a rewritten equation: s= f (cl, o, r, p, t, c…), where c = cosmic. This addition serves to alert researchers to the presence of cosmic input to soils under investigation as part of geological and geomorphological projects. In particular, research targeting the cause of the Younger Dryas Climatic Divide (YDCD) might focus only on pollen in European glaciolacustrine sediments, reversal of the marine thermohaline circulation in the N. Atlantic Ocean, and possible reversal of postglacial warming at the Allerød termination (12.8 ka), when a search for cosmic grains may change the research outcome. Hence, the importance of the ‘c’ addition to Jenny’s factor analysis of soil morphogenesis.","PeriodicalId":44833,"journal":{"name":"Geologos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book reviews: Climate change and life: The complex co-evolution of climate and life on Earth, and beyond, by Gabriel Filippelli, 2022. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 275 pages. Paperback: price $135.00, ISBN 978-0-12-822568-4. 书评:《气候变化与生命:地球上及其他地方气候与生命的复杂共同进化》,Gabriel Filippelli著,2022年。爱思唯尔,阿姆斯特丹,275页平装:价格$135.00,ISBN 978-0-12-822568-4。
IF 1
Geologos Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.12
Li Fu
{"title":"Book reviews: Climate change and life: The complex co-evolution of climate and life on Earth, and beyond, by Gabriel Filippelli, 2022. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 275 pages. Paperback: price $135.00, ISBN 978-0-12-822568-4.","authors":"Li Fu","doi":"10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Book review: Climate change and life: The complex co-evolution of climate and life on Earth, and beyond, by Gabriel Filippelli, 2022. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 275 pages. Paperback: price $135.00, ISBN 978-0-12-822568-4.","PeriodicalId":44833,"journal":{"name":"Geologos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43633168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of proposed geosites in the Betong District, Yala Province, Southern Thailand 泰国南部亚拉省Betong区拟建地质点分析
IF 1
Geologos Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.10
Dony Adryansyah Nazaruddin, Vimoltip Singtuen, N. B. Baharim, Muhd Nur Ismail Abdul Rahman
{"title":"Analysis of proposed geosites in the Betong District, Yala Province, Southern Thailand","authors":"Dony Adryansyah Nazaruddin, Vimoltip Singtuen, N. B. Baharim, Muhd Nur Ismail Abdul Rahman","doi":"10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to analyse the geosite candidates of the Betong District (Yala Province) in Southern Thailand by means of several methods including inventory, characterisation, classification, assessment and SWOT analysis. Results of the present study are illustrated through seven proposed geosites that become resources for the development of the Betong District, namely Betong Hot Spring, Inthasorn Waterfall, Chaloem Phra Kiat Waterfall, Mount Silipat and Nakor Hot Spring, as well as Piyamit Tunnel and Aiyerweng Skywalk, two human-modified sites which can be used to observe geological and geomorphological features. The present study is expected to promote the conservation and development of these resources as geological heritage of the district.","PeriodicalId":44833,"journal":{"name":"Geologos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46088647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vesiculation and crystallization of magma: fundamentals of the volcanic eruption process, by Atsushi Toramaru, 2022. Springer [Advances in Volcanology]; xxxii + 427 pages; hardcover price €149.79, paperback price €149.79; eBookprice €117.69, ISBN 978-981-16-4208-1 岩浆的水泡和结晶:火山喷发过程的基本原理,Atsushi Toramaru, 2022。施普林格[火山学进展];三十二+ 427页;精装本149.79欧元,平装本149.79欧元;电子书价格117.69欧元,ISBN 978-981-16-4208-1
IF 1
Geologos Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.13
C. Scarpati
{"title":"Vesiculation and crystallization of magma: fundamentals of the volcanic eruption process, by Atsushi Toramaru, 2022. Springer [Advances in Volcanology]; xxxii + 427 pages; hardcover price €149.79, paperback price €149.79; eBookprice €117.69, ISBN 978-981-16-4208-1","authors":"C. Scarpati","doi":"10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Book review: Vesiculation and crystallization of magma: fundamentals of the volcanic eruption pro-cess, by Atsushi Toramaru, 2022. Springer [Advances in Volcanology]; xxxii + 427 pages;hardcover price €149.79, paperback price €149.79; eBookprice €117.69, ISBN 978-981-16-4208-1","PeriodicalId":44833,"journal":{"name":"Geologos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47068755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences (5th Edition), by Michael Allaby, 2020. Oxford University Press Academic UK, 720 pages, eBook price £14.99, ISBN: 9780198839033 《地质学与地球科学词典》(第5版),迈克尔·阿拉比著,2020年。英国牛津大学出版社学术版,720页,电子书价格14.99英镑,国际标准图书编号:9780198839033
IF 1
Geologos Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.14
B. Berkowski
{"title":"A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences (5th Edition), by Michael Allaby, 2020. Oxford University Press Academic UK, 720 pages, eBook price £14.99, ISBN: 9780198839033","authors":"B. Berkowski","doi":"10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Book review: A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences (5th Edition), , by Michael Allaby, 2020. Oxford University Press Academic UK, 720 pages, eBook price £14.99, ISBN: 9780198839033.","PeriodicalId":44833,"journal":{"name":"Geologos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49557744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of oxygen in the functioning of the Earth system: past, present and future 氧气在地球系统运作中的作用:过去、现在和未来
IF 1
Geologos Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.11
W. Stankowski
{"title":"The role of oxygen in the functioning of the Earth system: past, present and future","authors":"W. Stankowski","doi":"10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the Solar System, the coming into existence of a peculiar, fully developed atmosphere on Earth was determined by the ‘Great Oxidation Event’ at the turn of the Proterozoic and Palaeozoic. Within about 600 million years, there were large changes in oxygen concentrations in this atmosphere, ranging from 15 to 35 per cent, having been determined by a combination of cosmic-climatic, tectonic-volcanic and biological phenomena. A particular environmental change occurred at the beginning of the 19th century, as a result of the overlap of the end of the natural Little Ice Age and the beginning of anthropogenic warming of the ‘industrial revolution’. According to the author, the rate of human impact on environmental changes is estimated at about 15 per cent. The appearance of mankind brought new changes in the natural environment, including the oxygen content of the air. The current scale of anthropogenic impact justifies the introduction of a new time slice in the planet’s history - the Anthropocene. The functioning of civilisation is conditioned by meeting energy needs, to be implemented by creating a system of energy generators, among which the heat of the Earth should be an important component. The energy generated from this inexhaustible and cost-free geo-resource should be seen as the most ecological among all currently used energy carriers.","PeriodicalId":44833,"journal":{"name":"Geologos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49053902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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