ERN: Productivity (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"'Another Roof, Another Proof': How Mobility Explains Individual Productivity in Science","authors":"Valentina Tartari, Francesco Di Lorenzo, Benjamin A. Campbell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3025587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3025587","url":null,"abstract":"The mobility of highly skilled employees is seen as a critical way for organizations to transfer knowledge and to improve organizational performance. Yet, the relationship between mobility and individual performance is still largely a theoretical and empirical puzzle. Building both on human capital mobility research and economics of science literature, and exploiting a unique dataset of 348 academics working in biology department in the United Kingdom, we show that mobility has a positive effect on individual productivity. We also find that this positive effect is reinforced when academics move towards better-endowed institutions. We complement our econometrical analysis with more qualitative evidence from a survey.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129883940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Advisor Like Me? Advisor Gender and Post-Graduate Careers in Science","authors":"P. Gaulé, M. Piacentini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3014467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3014467","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate whether having an advisor of the same gender is correlated with the productivity of PhD science students and their propensity to stay in academic science. Our analysis is based on an original dataset covering nearly 20,000 PhD graduates and their advisors from U.S. chemistry departments. We find that students with an advisor of the same gender tend to be more productive during the PhD and more likely to become professors themselves. We suggest that the under-representation of women in science and engineering faculty positions may perpetuate itself through the lower availability of same-gender advisors for female students.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132774048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Mincerian Wage Equations Inform How Schooling Influences Productivity?","authors":"C. Groth, J. Growiec","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3000861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3000861","url":null,"abstract":"We study the links between the Mincerian wage equation (the cross-sectional relationship between wages and years of schooling) and the human capital production function (the causal effect of schooling on labor productivity). Based on a stylized Mincerian general equilibrium model with imperfect substitutability across skill types and ex ante identical workers, we demonstrate that the mechanism of compensating wage differentials renders the Mincerian wage equation uninformative for the human capital production function. Proper identification of the human capital production function should take into account the equilibrium allocation of individuals across skill types.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114541449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Production and Productivity in Curriculum Vitae Characterisation: Simple and Nested H Indices that Support Cross-Disciplinary Comparisons","authors":"Fabio Zagonari","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2993316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2993316","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, I developed operational versions of Hirsch’s H index that can be applied to each researcher’s curriculum vitae (CV) to allow cross-disciplinary comparisons. The revised indices account for anomalies that potentially arise from tactical or opportunistic citation and publication behaviours by authors and editors, and can be calculated from readily available information. I split the original H index into nested indices to isolate networking activity, distinguish scientific production and productivity, and used nested Gini indices to identify intentional and successful inter-topical and inter-disciplinary research. I applied the most popular normalisations (i.e., per author and per year) using simple methodologies (i.e., least-squares linear and cubic interpolation fitting, whole-career vs. sub-periods, two-dimensional graphs) to solve empirical problems (e.g., sensitivity to citations, the “fashion” effect, attribution to disciplines, life cycle of articles) as well as open questions (e.g., the attribution of an article to a given discipline) associated with the original H index. I provided three numerical examples based on a representative heterodox, a representative orthodox multi-disciplinary, and a representative orthodox uni-disciplinary CV: the first CV includes 17 Scopus publications, and shows a highly heterodox (i.e., 5.8%), but no interdisciplinary research career, with a tiny networking component (i.e., 0.9%); the second CV includes 24 Scopus publications, and shows a slightly heterodox (i.e., 0.3%), but highly interdisciplinary (i.e., 53.9%) research career, with a small networking component (i.e., 14.3%); the third CV includes 16 Scopus publications, and shows slightly heterodox (i.e., 0.1%) and no interdisciplinary research career, with no networking component.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132486261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Changes of the U.S. Economy: Implications for the U.S. Mid- to Long-Term Growth Path and the Korean Economy","authors":"Wongi Kim","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2991402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2991402","url":null,"abstract":"s shown in various data, during the 2008-2009 financial crisis period, the real GDP of each country recovered slowly after a sharp decline, but is recovering differently in each country. In the case of the United States, it shows a rapid recovery compared to Japan and Europe. Despite the rapid recovery compared to other developed countries, there are still many people who harbor doubts regarding the mid- to long-term growth path of the U.S. economy. In the mid-to-long term, the growth potential of the U.S. is limited to the mid-1% range, and renowned economists such as Larry Summers and Paul Krugman are questioning the U.S.'s long-term growth by insisting on its secular stagnation. The U.S. mid- to long-term growth path will have a crucial impact on the future growth of the global economy in light of the U.S. weighting in the global economy. Especially, in the case of Korea, export is still a large part of the economy and the mid- to long-term growth of the global economy accounts for a large portion of Korea's mid- to long-term growth. In this situation, it is important to find a way to accelerate economic recovery through benchmarking of U.S. growth policies. We use the growth accounting method to diagnose whether the U.S. will grow in the medium-to-long term. Growth accounting is a method for analyzing the effects of supply side factors such as labor supply, total factor productivity, and labor quality on mid- and long-term growth, and is particularly appropriate for analyzing the impact of trend growth decline. The results of the analysis are as follows. According to labor supply factors, such as the degree of population aging, the quality of education and productivity, the U.S. economic potential growth rate is found to range from 1.4% to 2.9% on average by 2060 unless the effects of the aging of its population are reduced or there is a rapid increase in productivity due to the recent 4th industrial revolution. In spite of the not-so-great mid- to long-term growth path of the U.S., why is the U.S. re-covering faster than other developed countries after the financial crisis? One important reason is active monetary and fiscal policy. During the financial crisis, the U.S. Fed cut its policy rate to zero and conducted quantitative easing. Furthermore, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) was enacted by the Obama administration to carry out a huge-scale fiscal stimulus package to boost the economy. In addition to these monetary and fiscal policies, supply side policies such as R&D investment played an important role to support the fast recovery. Based on the macroeconomic model that we build, we examined the impact of the decline in trend growth on the economic recovery and searched for the reasons of the rapid recovery of the U.S. Productivity is recovering faster in the U.S. than other countries after the financial crisis. The results of the model analysis show that the recovery of productivity reduces the decline of trend growth, ","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127458043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informal Intellectual Collaboration with Central Colleagues","authors":"Co-Pierre Georg, Daniel C. Opolot, Michael E. Rose","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2877586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2877586","url":null,"abstract":"When preparing a research article, academics engage in informal intellectual collaboration by asking their colleagues for feedback. This collaboration gives rise to a social network between academics. We study whether informal intellectual collaboration with an academic who is more central in this social network results in a research article having higher scientific impact. To address the well-known reflection problem in estimating network effects, we use the assignment of discussants at NBER summer institutes as a quasi-natural experiment. We show that manuscripts discussed by a discussant with a 10% higher than average Bonacich centrality rank results in 1.4% more citations and a 5% higher probability that an article is published in a top journal. To illustrate our results, we develop a structural model in which a positive externality from intellectual collaboration implies that collaborating with a more central colleague results in larger scientific impact of the research article.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122110607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of the Impact of Employee Motivation on Organisational Performance and Productivity in State-Owned Enterprises: A Case of ECG Legon District","authors":"A. Tetteh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3563876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3563876","url":null,"abstract":"The success or failure of any business as a matter of fact depends largely on its employees;thus human resources are very essential to the organisation as they are the key stakeholders prosperity, productivity and performance. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of employee motivation on organisational performance and productivity at Electricity Company of Ghana, Legon District. The research work adopted a mixed approach of research design and the case study method to provide answers to research questions formulated. A probability design with the stratified sampling technique was employed to select and sample the opinions of 80 workers of ECG, Legon District on the issue. Data obtained from the field survey was later analysed using SPSS. The research made extensive use of both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by administering a well-structured questionnaire to respondents and interviews were conducted with the lower level employees as categorized by the researcher. The study revealed that there is a relationship between motivation and performance and came to a conclusion that management should put in great efforts to motivate members of staff to enhance their performance. The researcher recommends that management should consider the issue of employee motivation very important to make ECG maintain its position as the only producer of Electricity in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134149241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reallocation, Competition and Productivity: Evidence From a Financial Liberalization Episode","authors":"Liliana Varela","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3030616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3030616","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the impact of distortions in the access to international capital markets on competition and productivity. I show that a reduction in these distortions leads to an increase in aggregate productivity through two different channels. First, firms that were previously credit constrained respond to better financing terms by increasing their investment in technology, a reallocation effect. Secondly, non-constrained firms also expand their investment in technology because of increased competition, a pro-competitive effect. I provide evidence for these two channels using firm-level census data from the deregulation of international financial flows in Hungary.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121255142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real Gdi, Productivity, and the Terms of Trade in Canada","authors":"Shutao Cao, S. Kozicki","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12255","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a quarterly dataset of productivity is built for the Canadian business sector, and the Diewert and Yu (2012a) estimates of annual productivity growth are revised and updated to reflect changes in the new Canadian system of national economic accounts. The quarterly data are then used to study the contribution of total factor productivity and the terms of trade to growth of real gross domestic income. In most years of the 2000s, the contribution of the terms of trade became significant in real income growth, whereas that of total factor productivity growth was stagnant. Improvement in the terms of trade arises froma decline in the import price index and an increase in the export price index.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130950726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro Moments Database for Cross-Country Analysis of ICT, Innovation, and Economic Outcomes","authors":"E. Bartelsman, Eva Hagsten, M. Polder","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2898860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2898860","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides technical documentation to a database built up from firm-level sources titled Micro moments database (MMD) that is made available for researchers through Eurostat. The MMD is an internationally harmonized research database of statistical moments collected from linked longitudinal firm-level data in a large selection of EU national statistical offices. The underlying sources for the database are business registers, firm-level surveys on production, usage of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and innovative activities, as well as recorded information on trade and worker education, all linked at the firm level. The unit of observation in the MMD represents groups of firms within industries and allows research that bridges micro and macro analysis. The paper delineates the type of research questions that uniquely can be addressed with the MMD, and the advantages and disadvantages of using MMD for questions where alternative datasets are available. The paper next presents the methodology underlying construction of the MMD and provides documentation of the rich set of features. Finally, the paper provides descriptive statistics that highlight the unique character of the data and reviews some of the cross-country analytical work already conducted using the MMD.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132150103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}