ERN: Productivity (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ УРОВНЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА (The Modern State of the Level of Competitiveness of Industrial Products in Azerbaijan)","authors":"Lala Hamidova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3276614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3276614","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Цель исследования состоит в изучении современного состояния уровня конкурентоспособности продукции. В результате исследования использованы теоретические, практические и сравнительные методы. Основным фактором успеха любого предприятия является конкуренто-способность его продукции. Повышение конкуренто¬спо¬собности промышленной продукции – одна из главных целей предприятий. В статье рассматривается понятие конкурентоспо¬собности продукции, всесторонне анализируется уровень конкурентоспособ¬ности промышленной продукции Азербайджана на основе различных показателей. Исследуются факторы, влияющие на уровень конкурентоспособ¬ности промышленной продукции в стране. Научная новизна заключается в разработке предложений по повышению конкурентоспособности продукции. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в том, что выдвинутые предложения по повышению конкурентоспособности продукции будут способствовать выходу производимой национальной продукции на мировые рынки. Ограничение исследования: требует дальнейших исследований, основанных на более точном и обширной информационном материале.<br><br><b>English Abstract</b> The goal of the research is to examine the modern state of the level of competitiveness of product. The theoretical, practical and comparative methods were used during the research. The major factor of success of an enterprise is competitiveness of its product. The increase of competitiveness of an industrial product is one of the main goals of enterprises. The concept of competitiveness of product has been described in the article, the level of competitiveness of industrial products, manufactured in Azerbaijan, has been comprehensively analyzed on the basis of various indicators. The factors affecting the level of competitiveness of industrial products in the country have been researched there. Scientific novelty is contained in the development of proposals on improvement the competitiveness of product. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the proposals on improvement of competitiveness of product will contribute to output of manufactured national product to the world markets. Limitations of the research: requires further research, based on a more accurate and comprehensive informative material.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127951407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Productivity J-Curve: How Intangibles Complement General Purpose Technologies","authors":"E. Brynjolfsson, Daniel Rock, C. Syverson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3346739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3346739","url":null,"abstract":"General purpose technologies (GPTs) like AI enable and require significant complementary investments. These investments are often intangible and poorly measured in national accounts. We develop a model that shows how this can lead to underestimation of productivity growth in a new GPTs early years and, later, when the benefits of intangible investments are harvested, productivity growth overestimation. We call this phenomenon the Productivity J-curve. We apply our method to US data and find that adjusting for intangibles related to computer hardware and software yields a TFP level that is 15.9 percent higher than official measures by the end of 2017. (JEL E22, E23, G31, L63, L86)","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129944747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Migration on Productivity and Native-Born Workers' Training","authors":"Francesco Campo, Giuseppe Forte, J. Portes","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3261692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3261692","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the relationship between migration and productivity in the UK, using an instrumental variable along the lines suggested by Bianchi, Buonanno and Pinotti (2012). Our results suggest that immigration has a positive and significant impact (in both the statistical sense and more broadly) on productivity, as measured at a geographical level; this appears to be driven by higher-skilled workers. The results for training are less clear, but suggest that higher-skilled immigration may have a positive impact on the training of native workers. We discuss the implications for post-Brexit immigration policy.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126145052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market Size and TFP in the Melitz Model","authors":"Gabriel Felbermayr, B. Jung","doi":"10.1111/roie.12346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12346","url":null,"abstract":"Trade theory in the Krugman tradition predicts a positive correlation between market size and countries' total factor productivity (TFP). However, in the data, there is no such correlation. Models with heterogeneous firms and selection can reconcile theory and empirics, when the degree of external economies of scale is lower than assumed in the standard CES case. Realistically, larger countries have an over‐proportionate share of firms. With export selection, these countries have more input varieties available, but they also have a lower average productivity of firms. Which of these effects dominates depends on the degree of external economies of scale.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123197074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of the Productivity Dispersion of Firms - A Reevaluation of Its Determinants in the Case of Japan","authors":"Keiko Ito, S. Lechevalier","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3146990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3146990","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing body of literature analyzing empirically the evolution of productivity dispersion at the firm level and its determinants. This paper contributes to this literature by investigating the case of Japanese firms during the so-called “Lost Decade” (1992- 2005), which is still under-analyzed. We use a firm-level panel dataset taken from a large-scale administrative survey, the Basic Survey of Japanese Business Structure and Activities (BSBSA) for the years 1994-2003. Our results can be summarized as follows. First, we confirm that there was an overall increase in both labor productivity and total factor productivity dispersion, especially in the manufacturing sector from 1998 onward. Second, in the case of Japanese firms during the Lost Decade, and contrary to what has been found for some other countries, we find no significant impact of the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) on productivity dispersion. On the other hand, we do find evidence of a significant and positive impact of internationalization on productivity dispersion. In addition, the evolution of the competitive environment appears to play a role: we find that the increase in the Hershman-Herfindahl index observed in some sectors, which characterizes a more oligopolistic environment, is associated with an increase in productivity dispersion.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121452263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unemployment Insurance as a Worker Indiscipline Device? Evidence from Scanner Data","authors":"Lester Lusher, Geoffrey C. Schnorr, Rebecca L. C. Taylor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3586143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3586143","url":null,"abstract":"We provide causal evidence of an ex ante moral hazard effect of unemployment insurance (UI ) by matching plausibly exogenous changes in UI benefit duration across state-weeks during the Great Recession to high-frequency productivity measures from individual supermarket cashiers. Estimating models with date and cashier-register fixed effects, we identify a modest but statistically significant negative relationship between UI benefits and worker productivity. This effect is strongest for more experienced and less productive cashiers, for whom UI expansions are especially relevant. Additional analyses from the American Time Use Survey reveal a similar increase in shirking during periods with increased UI benefit durations. (JEL D82, E32, J22, J24, J65, L81)","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134439350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust LM Tests for Spatial Dynamic Panel Data Models","authors":"A. Bera, Osman Doğan, Suleyman Taspinar, Yufan Leiluo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3074770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3074770","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we introduce adjusted Rao's score test statistics (Lagrange multiplier (LM) tests) for a spatial dynamic panel data (SDPD) model that includes a contemporaneous spatial lag, a time lag and a spatial-time lag. The maximum likelihood estimator for the estimation of SDPD models can have asymptotic bias because of individual and time fixed effects. Bias arises since the limiting distributions of the score functions derived from the corresponding concentrated log-likelihood functions are not centered on zero. First, we show how the score functions should be adjusted to avoid the effect of asymptotic bias on the standard LM test statistics. Second, we further adjust score functions such that the resulting LM test statistics are valid when there is local parametric misspecification in the alternative model. Our adjusted LM test statistics can be used to test the presence of the contemporaneous spatial lag, time lag and spatial-time lag in an SDPD model. In a Monte Carlo study, we demonstrate that our suggested test statistics have good finite sample size and power properties. Finally, we illustrate implementation of these tests in an application on public capital productivity in 48 contiguous US states.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116046707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competition, Productivity, and Survival of Grocery Stores in the Great Depression","authors":"Emek Basker, Chris Vickers, Nicolas L. Ziebarth","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3428043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3428043","url":null,"abstract":"We study the grocery industry in Washington, DC, during the Great Depression using data from the 1929 Census of Distribution, a 1929–1930 survey by the Federal Trade Commission, and a 1935 business directory. We first document the differences between chains and independents in the Washington, DC, grocery market circa 1929 to better understand chains’ competitive advantages. Second, we study correlates of survival from 1929 to 1935, a period of major contraction and upheaval. We find that more productive stores survived at higher rates, as did stores with greater assortment and lower prices. Presaging the supermarket revolution, combination stores were much more likely to survive to 1935 than other grocery formats.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133761126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Strategic Transformation on Employee Productivity","authors":"John J. Oliver","doi":"10.1108/SHR-10-2017-0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-10-2017-0069","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to provide a strategic commentary on the interconnected areas of corporate strategy and employee performance by illustrating how two organizations adapted and transformed their businesses to the demands of digitalization and new media.,A longitudinal analysis (1995-2015) of employee productivity was calculated as operating income per employee for each firm and benchmarked against industry data.,Both firm’s corporate objectives and strategies were focused on ambitious levels of growth and the opportunities provided by an increasingly digital environment. However, the firms had transformed their businesses in different ways with distinct employee productivity performance outcomes.,This paper provides case studies of strategic transformation and argues that HR management strategies and practices need to be continually evaluated to assess their employee productivity in an uncertain digital operating environment.,This paper provides a longitudinal analysis of how media firms, Sky Plc and Pearson Plc, adapted, reconfigured and transformed their businesses to meet the demands of an operating environment characterized by inexorable changes in digital technologies. It presents data and conclusions on how the management of “human resources” had delivered different employee productivity outcomes over the long term.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":" 42","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132012258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementarity, Linkages between Firms, and the Effect of Entry Costs on Productivity","authors":"Fernando del Río, A. Sampayo","doi":"10.1111/rode.12339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12339","url":null,"abstract":"In a general equilibrium model where firms are heterogeneous in terms of productivity, we introduce differentiated goods in production that are not perfect substitutes, as well as intermediate inputs needed to produce those goods. We show that an increase in either the complementarity of differentiated goods or the share of intermediate inputs in gross output, significantly increases the negative effect of entry costs on total factor productivity (TFP) and output per worker. We also find that the effect of complementarity is quantitatively stronger. If we assume an empirically plausible value for the elasticity of substitution between differentiated goods, then the model considerably improves its ability to reproduce the observed negative relationship between entry costs and TFP or output per worker.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133921685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}