D. Utari, Indri Kartiko-Sari, M. Kohno, Shigeru Yamamoto
{"title":"Textured soybean protein improved level of glycated albumin, LDL–Cholesterol, and protein intake in prediabetes postmenopausal overweight women","authors":"D. Utari, Indri Kartiko-Sari, M. Kohno, Shigeru Yamamoto","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022021","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <sec><title>Background</title><p>Indonesia has been increasing in health issues such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke and others. Healthy lifestyle of improving dietary habit with food consumption is considered effective to prevent these health issues. Soybean-based food is considered as food-alternative for plant-based protein and its ability to push down global warming rate.</p> </sec> <sec><title>Objective</title><p>This study aims to test the effect of Textured Soybean Protein (TSP) on level of Glycated Albumin (GA) and lipid profiles in prediabetes overweight postmenopausal women.</p> </sec> <sec><title>Methods</title><p>A parallel study design consisted of two groups: intervention group provided with TSP contains 30 grams protein and control group, with study duration of 21 days. Each group consists of 26 postmenopausal women with criteria of overweight with fasting blood sugar level of 120–200 mg/dL (prediabetes). The data was analyzed by unpaired and paired t-test.</p> </sec> <sec><title>Results</title><p>TSP has significant influence on the change of GA level (3.4% reduction, p < 0.05) and LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) (6.0% reduction, p < 0.05). TSP also improve the protein consumption of 18.1%.</p> </sec> <sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The provision of TSP for 21 days could improve GA and LDL-C significantly. In longer term, TSP is expected to improve of lipid profiles, insulin resistance and controlling weight and BMI.</p> </sec> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70182149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancement of onion bulb drying with air dehumidification assisted dryer","authors":"D. Q. A’yuni, M. Djaeni, N. Asiah, A. Subagio","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022011","url":null,"abstract":"Drying is an important process in onion bulb processing to preserve product quality and storage time. This paper discusses how to find an onion bulb with acceptable moisture content and high ingredient retention rate with minimized heat usage. As indicators, moisture content, riboflavin (Vitamin B2) content, and heat efficiency are evaluated at different drying temperatures and air relative humidity. In doing so, the response surface method is employed to find the most favorable drying condition. Polynomial regression was found to be a good fit in predicting moisture content, while heat efficiency response is significantly fit after dehumidification is applied. Moreover, onion drying with air dehumidification has more advantages than that of without dehumidification. With low air relative and medium drying temperature, the heat efficiency of the onion bulb drying can be positively improved with an acceptable riboflavin retention. Analysis of variance revealed that air dehumidification and drying temperature have a significant impact on the drying time and heat efficiency. However, at high air temperatures, the effect of air dehumidification is limited.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70182272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reducing free acidity and acrolein formation of omega-3-rich oils by blending with extra virgin olive oil during microwave heating","authors":"Norihito Kishimoto","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022006","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, microwave food processing has been increasingly utilized worldwide. Omega-3-rich oils, which have various health benefits, must be protected from heat treatment, including microwave heating, due to their thermosensitivity. In this study, we investigated oxidative stability of blends of omega-3-rich oils, such as flaxseed, sesame, and perilla oils, with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in order to reduce concentration of acrolein during microwave heating. Microwaving flaxseed oil increased the free acidity and the formation of undesirable and irritating odors (e.g., acrolein). In contrast, microwave treatment of EVOO resulted in a much lower level of free acidity and acrolein formation. Blending 10% EVOO in flaxseed oil enhanced the antioxidant capacity and effectively reduced free acidity and acrolein formation during microwave heating. The enhancing effect was also partially achieved in flaxseed oil blended with both 10% refined olive oil and α-tocopherol, which are bioactive components in EVOO. Similarly, blending 10% EVOO in other omega-3-rich oils, including sesame oil and perilla oil, also decreased free acidity and acrolein formation during microwave heating. These results suggest that blending with EVOO facilitates the use of omega-3-rich oils in microwave food processing while retaining their health benefits.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70181882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Itxaso Filgueira-Garro, C. González-Ferrero, D. Mendiola, M. Marín-Arroyo
{"title":"Effect of cultivar and drying methods on phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves","authors":"Itxaso Filgueira-Garro, C. González-Ferrero, D. Mendiola, M. Marín-Arroyo","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022016","url":null,"abstract":"Up to 5% of the total olive weight arriving at the mill is discarded as leaves. Interest in the possible uses of these residues is growing, because they constitute a potential cheap and abundant source of compounds with high total antioxidant capacity (TAC) associated with total phenolic content (TPC) and biophenols such as hydroxytyrosol (HC) and oleuropein (OC), which could be used as nutraceuticals or as natural substitutes for synthetic antioxidants. However, studies that characterize specific cultivars, interannual variability, and different drying methods are lacking. This work investigates the TAC, TPC, HC and OC in olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves under four drying methods (vacuum-drying, oven-drying, freeze-drying and air-drying). Leaves were collected from cultivars 'Arbequina' grown under organic methods and from 'Arroniz', 'Empeltre', 'Arbosana', 'Picual' and 'Arbequina' grown under conventional systems. Among fresh samples, 'Arbosana' leaves presented the highest TPC (34.0 ± 1.1 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight (DW)) and TAC (146 ± 20 μmol Trolox equivalents/g DW) and the lowest interannual variability of the TPC (3.2%). The four tested drying methods were also compared as the effect on TPC, TAC, HC and OC. Freeze-drying and air-drying best preserved TPC and TAC in olive leaves. However, air-drying maintained greater OC (14–40 mg/g DW) than freeze-drying (3–20 mg/g DW). Air-dried ecological 'Arbequina' leaves exhibited the highest TPC and TAC. Consequently, this cultivar presented more valorization opportunities as a source of nutraceuticals or natural antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70182003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Bastida, Kambiz Mootab Laleh, J. González-Andújar
{"title":"Using air thermal time to predict the time course of seedling emergence of Avena sterilis subsp. sterilis (sterile oat) under Mediterranean climate","authors":"F. Bastida, Kambiz Mootab Laleh, J. González-Andújar","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022015","url":null,"abstract":"Avena sterilis subsp. sterilis (sterile oat) is a troublesome grass weed of winter cereals both in its native range encompassing the Mediterranean up to South Asia, and in regions of America, Northern Europe and Australia where it is introduced. A better understanding of seedling emergence patterns of this weed in cereal fields can help control at early growth stages benefiting efficacy under a changing climate. With this aim, the objective of this research was to develop and validate a field emergence model for this weed based on cumulative air thermal time (CTT, ℃ day). Experiments for model setting and evaluation were carried out in experimental and commercial fields in southern Spain. Two alternative models, Gompertz and Weibull, were compared for their ability to represent emergence time course. The Weibull model provided the best fit to the data. Evaluation through independent experiments showed good model performance in predicting seedling emergence. According to the developed model, the onset of emergence takes place at 130 CTT, and 50% and 90% emergence is achieved at 448 and 632 CTT, respectively. Results indicate that this model could be useful for growers as a tool for decision-making in A. sterilis control.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70181995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peaberry and normal coffee bean classification using CNN, SVM, and KNN: Their implementation in and the limitations of Raspberry Pi 3","authors":"Hira Lal Gope, Hidekazu Fukai","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022010","url":null,"abstract":"Peaberries are a special type of coffee bean with an oval shape. Peaberries are not considered defective, but separating peaberries is important to make the shapes of the remaining beans uniform for roasting evenly. The separation of peaberries and normal coffee beans increases the value of both peaberries and normal coffee beans in the market. However, it is difficult to sort peaberries from normal beans using existing commercial sorting machines because of their similarities. In previous studies, we have shown the availability of image processing and machine learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), support vector machines (SVMs), and k-nearest-neighbors (KNNs), for the classification of peaberries and normal beans using a powerful desktop PC. As the next step, assuming the use of our system in the least developed countries, this study was performed to examine their implementation in and the limitations of Raspberry Pi 3. To improve the performance, we modified the CNN architecture from our previous studies. As a result, we found that the CNN model outperformed both linear SVM and KNN on the use of Raspberry Pi 3. For instance, the trained CNN could classify approximately 13.77 coffee bean images per second with 98.19% accuracy of the classification with 64×64 pixel color images on Raspberry Pi 3. There were limitations of Raspberry Pi 3 for linear SVM and KNN on the use of large image sizes because of the system's small RAM size. Generally, the linear SVM and KNN were faster than the CNN with small image sizes, but we could not obtain better results with both the linear SVM and KNN than the CNN in terms of the classification accuracy. Our results suggest that the combination of the CNN and Raspberry Pi 3 holds the promise of inexpensive peaberries and a normal bean sorting system for the least developed countries.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70182194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Sidek, R. Nulit, Y. C. Kong, Christina Yong Seok Yien, R. Sekeli, M. EL-Barghathi
{"title":"Callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of Oryza sativa L. (cv. MARDI Siraj 297) under the influence of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin","authors":"N. Sidek, R. Nulit, Y. C. Kong, Christina Yong Seok Yien, R. Sekeli, M. EL-Barghathi","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022033","url":null,"abstract":"Callogenesis and embryogenesis are integral parts of many tissue culture procedures for genetic manipulation in rice. However, the efficiency of both processes is largely dependent on the media constituent especially the plant growth regulators (PGRs) due to the genotype-dependent nature of in vitro culture protocols. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of two PGRs; 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and kinetin (Kin) on callus growth and somatic embryogenesis of an important Malaysian rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. MARDI Siraj 297). Mature rice seeds explants were inoculated in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of 2, 4-D (0 to 3.5 mg/L) and Kin (0 to 0.5 mg/L) to induce callogenesis. Parameters for callus growth such as fresh weight (FW), callus induction frequency (CIF), embryogenic callus frequency (ECF), regeneration frequency (RF), number of plantlets per callus (PPC), callus texture and callus color were observed after 35 days of inoculation. The results show that the maximum callus growth was achieved in MS medium supplemented with combination of 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.2 mg/L Kin, represented by the highest FW (211 mg), CIF (95%), ECF (90%), RF (100%) and PPC (22 plantlets); along with friable callus texture. Low concentration of 2, 4-D (0 to 0.5 mg/L) in the presence or absence of Kin promotes root growth instead of callus, while high concentrations (above 3.0 mg/L) retard the callus formation. The embryogenic calli from this optimized PGRs combination were successfully formed shoots in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA, followed by rooting in PGRs-free MS medium. This finding provides an efficient protocol for callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of MARDI Siraj 297, since this is the first published report regarding somatic embryogenesis induction of this cultivar.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70182955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katharina Biely, Susanne von Münchhausen, S. Van Passel
{"title":"Vertical integration as a strategy to increase value absorption by primary producers: The Belgian sugar beet and the German rapeseed case","authors":"Katharina Biely, Susanne von Münchhausen, S. Van Passel","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022041","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical integration is a means of increasing market power. For some agricultural products, it is easier for farmers to exert control over their product beyond the farm gate, but for others it is more difficult. Cases in the latter category have two main characteristics. First, the farmer cannot sell the respective product to final consumers without processing. Second, processing is capital-intensive. Consequently, farmers have limited sales channels, and vertical integration of the supply chain is complex and challenging. It implies cooperation among farmers to process the raw material at a profitable scale and to finance the installation of processing facilities. Thus, for these product categories, farmers are prone to market power issues, since they depend on private businesses that have the financial means to install processing facilities and the logistical capacities to organize the collection of large amounts of raw material. This paper aims to identify and analyze the role of supply chain integration for farmers who are already cooperating horizontally. Two case studies serve as the basis for the analysis: sugar beet in Flanders, Belgium, and oilseed rape in Hessen, Germany. The analysis is based on a qualitative research approach combining interviews, focus groups, and workshops with farmers and processors. While for sugar beet, the effects of market power are emerging only now with the termination of the quota system, farmers growing oilseed rape have been experiencing these problems since the 1990s. Our analysis concludes that most strategies to maintain or improve farm income have been exhausted. Even various forms of vertical integration supported by European policies do not necessarily work as a successful strategy.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70183198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. H. Wardhani, H. Cahyono, H. N. Ulya, A. C. Kumoro, K. Anam, J. Vázquez
{"title":"Spray-dryer feed preparation: Enzymatic degradation of glucomannan for iron nanoencapsulation","authors":"D. H. Wardhani, H. Cahyono, H. N. Ulya, A. C. Kumoro, K. Anam, J. Vázquez","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022042","url":null,"abstract":"Viscosity of glucomannan (GM) needs to be modified to support its application for spray drying encapsulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate degradation of GM using cellulase that fulfills viscosity in a spray-dryer specification. This hydrolyzed glucomannan (HGM) was subsequently spray-dried for encapsulating iron. Lower initial GM concentrations (0.5–1%) reached approximately 0.30 Pa·s which allowed to be spray-dried after 100 min degradation using 10 mg/L cellulase. Meanwhile, viscosity of 1.5% and 1.7% GM did not reach the target viscosity even after 300 min. The nth-order model was the most suitable model to achieve viscosity reduction of ≤1.5% initial GM concentration (coefficient of determination, R2 > 0.98), whereas the Mahammad model fitted the viscosity reduction of 1.75% initial GM concentration (R2 = 0.99). Hydrolysis decreased the degree of polymerization and surface tension but increased the antioxidant activities. Smaller molecules of the polysaccharides were released after hydrolysis. Particles of encapsulated iron using HGM were more hydrophilic than that using GM. The iron tended to have a higher release rate at pH 6.8 than at pH 1.2 in the first 40 min. Hence, the HGM showed its ability to act as a control release matrix for the iron that needs a protection in the acid environment, and delivers them to the neutral site for absorption. Nanoencapsulation using 0.35 Pa·s viscosity of HGM was able to have 84% yield, 96.41% encapsulation efficiency, and 10% moisture content. Particle size of the iron encapsulation was dominated by 68.62 nm-diameter. This study shows a potency to use an appropriate viscosity of HGM which not only allows to be spray-dried but also support in protecting the iron as aimed by encapsulation the iron. Performances and properties of this matrix on encapsulating other bioactive compounds become future study.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70183246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behnam Bahramian, Mahmood Alizadeh Sani, Mohammad Parsa-kondelaji, H. Hosseini, Yousef Khaledian, M. Rezaie
{"title":"Antibiotic residues in raw and pasteurized milk in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Behnam Bahramian, Mahmood Alizadeh Sani, Mohammad Parsa-kondelaji, H. Hosseini, Yousef Khaledian, M. Rezaie","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022031","url":null,"abstract":"Improper use of antibiotics to treat or prevent infections, and as a stimulant for livestock growth, can affect public health and the dairy industry due to the spread of antibiotic residues in milk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate antibiotic residues in raw and pasteurized milk in Iran. Data were collected through searching the databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran using the following keywords: \"pasteurized milk\", \"raw milk\", \"milk\", \"antibiotic residues\", \" antibiotic\", and \"Iran\". Finally, 40 eligible studies were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. According to the reviewed studies, the prevalence of antibiotic residues in raw and pasteurized milk was 26% (95% CI: 20–33%) and 21% (95% CI: 15-27%), respectively. It seems that the control measures are inefficient in dairy industry and milk collection centers for the presence of antibiotic residues and the time of antibiotic withdrawal during milk delivery. Permanent control of milk in the collection centers by the responsible organizations along with implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system in milk factories can be very effective in reducing antibiotic residues.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70183344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}