Soil Science Annual最新文献

{"title":"Stability of organic matter in forest soils of the middle Central Atlas: Extraction by biochemical fractionation","authors":"Mohamed El Mderssa, Fouad Malki, Hicham Ikraoun, Younes Abbas, Meysara Elmalki, L. Nassiri, J. Ibijbijen","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/169154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/169154","url":null,"abstract":"Organic matter in the soil component best reflects the interactions between the soil, the biosphere, and the atmosphere, because it depends both on the nature of the soil and the bioclimatic environment, which makes it an excellent indicator of the environment (Volkoff et al., 1988). Soil organic matter consists of molecules of different sizes which are more or less associated with each other and produced by the chemical transformation of bio-based substances (miscellaneous plant litter and animal) during humification (Borie, 2011). Organic matter transformations are carried out mainly by the processes of recombination (humification) and degradation (mineralization). The formation of stable products, “humus formation or humification”, consists of recombinations and polymerizations of organic molecules, more or less complex. The biochemical nature of the organic matter brought to the soil determines the humification process (Borie, 2011). Complex humification of genesis mechanisms generates humic substances (Stevenson, 1994; Berthe, 2006), including, humin, humic acids (HA), and fulvic acids (FA), involving a variety of chemical reactions and biological transformation processes. Many factors that influence them include the origin and nature of the organic matter, the microorganisms involved in the decomposition process, and the microfauna as biological factors, as well as some physical parameters like pH, temperature, humidity, and soil aeration (Tahiri et al., 2014). The evolution of humification over time is towards obtaining high molecular weights by increasing condensation. Fulvic acids (FA) are the lightest formed early process, followed by humic acids (HA). Humin is the latest step in humification and has a very high molecular weight (Robert, 2008). Moroccan forest ecosystems, like Mediterranean forests, are composed of heterogeneous species, often clear and with diverse structures. These ecosystems generally meet their own nutrient needs through mineralization and organic matter storage in the soil. Humic substances, naturally present in a diffuse way in these * Stability of organic matter in forest soils of the middle Central Atlas: Extraction by biochemical fractionation","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76058693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of ageing process on the release of arsenic into soil pore water and related phytotoxicity assessed based on seed germination","authors":"A. Dradrach, Natalia Jędroszka, Katarzyna Szopka, Daniel Pruchniewicz, A. Karczewska","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/169158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/169158","url":null,"abstract":"Phytotoxic effects caused by soil contaminants depend both on their total concentrations and also on their forms, in particular those that can be easily released into soil pore water. The contaminants introduced into soil in water soluble forms undergo various transformations referred to as “ageing” which causes reduction of their solubility and toxicity. In this study, we examined the dynamics of such changes under controlled conditions in an incubation experiment. Two relatively light soils, differing in texture (loamy sand and sandy loam), and brought to three various pH ranges, were spiked with water solution of sodium arsenate to obtain different soil concentrations of As, up to 1000 mg·kg –1 . The soils were incubated at constant moisture (80% of water holding capacity) for three months. The changes in water extractability of As over time were examined. The phytotoxicity of As was assessed based on the reduction of germination, using the seeds of two different plant species: white mustard and red fescue. We found that the process of As immobilization in light mineral soils, poor in organic matter, proceeded quickly, and the concentrations of water-soluble As in these soils dropped signi fi cantly within one week. The dynamics of those changes depended on soil properties and pH, and As immobilization was most e ffi cient under acidic conditions. There were no signi fi cant differences between the toxicity of As to both plant species examined, as measured in the germination test. The effective concentration of soluble As in soil, resulting in a 50% reduction in the number of germinated seeds, was assessed at about 100 mg·kg –1 . The results provide a reference base for further experiments with spiked soils, and will be used in examination of As binding mechanisms in soils.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89030536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability of machine learning models for predicting soil organic carbon content and bulk density under different soil conditions","authors":"Fatemeh Hateffard, Gábor Szatmári, T. Novák","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/165879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/165879","url":null,"abstract":"A reliable overview of the spatial distribution of soil properties is a straightforward approach in soil policies and decision-making. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content, SOC stock and bulk density (BD) directly affect soil quality and fertility. Therefore, an accurate assessment of these crucial soil parameters is required. To do this, we used machine learning algorithms (MLAs) including, multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest (RF), arti fi cial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM) with the help of environmental covariates to predict SOC content, BD, and SOC stock. The study was conducted in two different areas, Látókép and Westsik (East Hungary), both experimental research fi elds but different from physio geographic points of view. Thirty topsoils (0–10 cm) samples were collected for each study area using conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling strategy. Environmental covariates were extracted from a digital elevation model (DEM) and satellite images based on the representation of soil forming factors. We validated the results by randomly splitting the dataset into a train (two-third) and test (one-third) and calculated the root mean square error and R 2 . Our results showed that RF provided the most accurate spatial prediction with R 2 of about 80% for each soil property in both study areas. This study highlighted the importance of terrain attributes (including plan and pro fi le curvature, elevation and valley depth) and NDVI derived from satellite images in presenting a spatial distribution of selected soil properties in two different areas. We conclude that comparing these methods can help to determine the most accurate maps under diverse geographical conditions and heterogeneities at different scales, which can be used in precision soil quality management.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74739886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of selected trace elements in soil and roadside trees – case study","authors":"M. Fidos, B. Rutkowska","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/163082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/163082","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was (1) the assessment of soil pollution with trace elements along a high-tra ffi c transport route, (2) determination of the content of trace elements in leaves of roadside trees, and (3) comparison of the usefulness of aqua regia with 1 mol dm –3 HCl and 0.01 mol dm –3 CaCl 2 for extraction of phytoavailable forms of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn from urban soil. The analysis covered contents of trace elements in soil and tree leaves along one of the main transport routes in Warsaw. The analysis of total contents of the studied metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) showed no exceedance of values acceptable for these elements in soil. The analysed tree species were characterised by variable ability to absorb trace elements. Usually White birch ( Betula pendula Roth) accumulated the highest amounts of the studied elements (especially Zn), and Swedish whitebeam ( Sorbus inter-media ) the lowest. The correlation between analysed trace elements concentration in tree leaves and soil suggests that the assessment of these metals pollution of soils is more e ffi cient by means of 1 mol dm –3 HCl than determination of total forms. It was also evidenced that trees can be used for the assessment of the state of pollution of the environment with trace elements.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80553554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomics approaches to understanding soil health in environmental research - a review","authors":"Juan Diego Duque Zapata, Jaime Eduardo Muñoz Flórez, D. Lopez Alvarez","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/163080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/163080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75393993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil erosion assessment under different land use types using modified Gerlach trough in North-Western Thailand Highland","authors":"S. Wicharuck, Nuttapon Khongdee, Nipon Mawan, K. Stahr","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/163079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/163079","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion is a severe risk on the sloping agricultural land due to improper managements. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the dynamics of soil loss and runoff under different land use types in order to fi nd the best soil erosion control for sustainable land use planning. A fi eld trial was conducted in Bor Krai village, Mea Hong Son Province, North-Western Thai Highlands during 2008–2009. Four land use types were selected for comparative measurement, including i) 4-year-fal-low land (FaL), ii) mixed orchard (MixO), iii) maize (M) and iv) upland rice (UR). Surface runoff (SR) and soil loss (SL) were monitored after each effective rainstorm using modi fi ed Gerlach troughs (GT). The GT was made of a bamboo and linked to a 50-litre container by a rubber hose. The size of GTs was 0.5–0.7 m long and 0.1–0.2 m diameter. The GTs were installed perpendicular to the contour line at the lower part of each land use. The results showed that, during the 2-yr, monoculture with inappropriate soil water conservation caused the fi rst average highest values of SR and SL (SR=299 m 3 ha –1 ) and (SL=3.4 t ha –1 ) while FaL yielded the lowest SR (41 m 3 ha –1 ) and SL (0.01 t ha –1 ) amounts. Moreover, further study is required for long-term prediction to estimate annual soil loss under different land use types.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78409823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of anthills on changes in the physico-chemical properties in sandy soil","authors":"Daria Urbańczyk, W. Szulc","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/162336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/162336","url":null,"abstract":"The study objective was the assessment of the effect of anthills on changes in the physico-chemical properties in sandy soil. The research covered two sites (an anthill and a control object) in the Idzbark village in the Stare Jab ł onki Forest District, N Poland. Soil samples were collected from the edges of an anthill (from the northern, southern, eastern, and western side)","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85968346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of soil water and nitrate transport in wheat field under various nitrogen fertilizer rates and rainfed conditions using HYDRUS-1D","authors":"Abdelhakim Lahjouj, A. El Hmaidi, Boufala M'hamed, Bouhafa Karima","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/161944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/161944","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we used HYDRUS-1D software to simulate soil water and nitrate (NO 3 -N) transport in a rainfed wheat fi eld under various nitrogen (N) fertilizer scenarios (0 to 126 kg ha –1 ) in Mo-rocco. We used inverse modeling to calibrate the input parameters involved in the simulation. The comparison between simulated and measured soil water (SWC) and NO 3 -N contents at different soil layers was carried out using the index of agreement ( d ), determination coe ffi cient ( R 2 ), RMSE , and MAE . By considering the soil pro fi le (0–100 cm), acceptable SWC simulation accuracies were obtained for the calibration and validation steps ( d =0.88–0.94, R 2 =0.67 to 0.80, RMSE =0.034–0.051 cm 3 cm –3 , and MAE =0.024–0.038 cm 3 cm –3 ), while NO 3 -N simulation was less accurate ( d =0.49–0.82, R 2 =0.20–0.58, RMSE =0.015–0.068 mg cm –3 , and MAE =0.012–0.046 mg cm –3 ). In addition, the observed NO 3 -N contents showed a lack of signi fi cant differences in the root zone (20–100 cm) between N fertilizer rates (p>0.05), which was consistent with the lack of N fertilizer effects on simulated NO 3 -N leaching below the soil pro fi le by HYDRUS-1D. The NO 3 -N leached amount accounted for 25 kg ha –1 and was derived mainly from the initial soil N contents. The simulated N balance of the soil pro fi le revealed that volatilization and denitri fi cation were the major pathways of N fertilizer loss, accounting for about 3.8 and 51.7% of the N fertilizer rates, respectively. We suggest further studies to improve the simulation accuracies of HYDRUS-1D using su ffi cient calibration data from long-term wheat experiments to ensure effective N fertilization management in the study area.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77424663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of 96 years of mineral and organic fertilization on selected soil properties: a case study from long-term field experiments in Skierniewice, central Poland","authors":"Q. Hoang","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/161945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/161945","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term agricultural experiments allow for the determination of the in fl uence of agricultural practices on soil properties. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of 96-year-old fertilization (NPK mineral fertilization and farmyard manure (FYM) use) on selected physical and chemical soil properties. The research was carried out in an experimental fi eld in Skierniewice, central Poland, where the experiments have been conducted since 1923. Seven soil pro fi les (Reti-sols or Luvisols) were studied. Long-term fertilization caused various changes in the chemical properties of the studied soil (pH, the content of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total sulphur (TS); exchangeable acidity (EA), total potential acidity (hydrolytic acidity) (TPA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), the total exchangeable bases (TEB), base saturation (BS)). The effect of long-term fertilization is most evident in the topsoil (the Ap horizon). The NPK fertilization led to acidi fi cation which was expressed by the decrease of soil pH (down to the value of 5.1), as well as the increase of EA, TPA, and exchangeable Al. Long-term high-dose FYM application (40 t and 60 t ha –1 per year) led to the stabilization of soil pH to a level of 6.2–6.5 throughout the soil pro fi le (down to 120 cm). The use of a combination of NPK fertilization and FYM application led to acidi fi - cation of the topsoil similar to the soil in which NPK fertilizers were applied alone. Long-term FYM application led to the increase in TOC, TN, and TS concentrations in the Ap horizons of the studied soils. Long-term use of NPK fertilizers had no signi fi cant effect on soil CEC, however long-term use of FYM increased the CEC in the Ap horizon of soils. An overall positive effect has been con fi rmed in the use of high doses of FYM (40 t and 60 t ha –1 per year), which improves the chemical properties (soil pH, TOC, TN, and TS content, as well as CEC) of the soil compared to the control plot and plots with NPK fertilization alone. These fi ndings were con fi rmed by PCCA analysis.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75304159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-arginine application triggered soil hydrolytic activity","authors":"Sajedeh Khosrozadeh, F. Nourbakhsh","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/161147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/161147","url":null,"abstract":"Application of amino acids to soils is reportedly associated with controversial responses in soil enzyme activities. The effects of L-arginine application on the fl uorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis and protease activity in an oak forest soil was investigated. The FDA hydrolysis and protease activity were regularly measured over a standard incubation period. The addition of L-arginine increased both FDA hydrolysis and protease activity after a lag time of 10 days. After 30 days, the ratio of FDA hydrolysis and protease activity in L-arginine-amended soil samples to those in the control reached 2.0 and 3.7, respectively. Moreover, FDA hydrolysis was found signi fi cantly (r = 0.67, P < 0.05) correlated with protease activity. It was concluded that L-arginine was able to stimulate FDA hydrolysis and protease activity, thereby making the soil hydrolytic system capable of facing more complicated substrates.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90383886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}