Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)最新文献

{"title":"Surgical treatment of infants with intracranial hemorrhages due to ruptured vascular malformation. Literature review","authors":"Z. Zokhidov, G. Chmutin, M. I. Livshits, I. Shchederkina, A. Levov, S. Ozerov, M. G. Berdieva, A. A. Vergizova, A. E. Tsygankov, Sh. G. Zokhidova, M. Kolcheva, B. A. Isoboev, K. D. Ndandja","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2308-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2308-02","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study: to analyze the timing and types of treatment in infants diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) due to a ruptured vascular malformation. Materials and methods. The study included 4 infants with ICH; the causes of the hemorrhages were a rupture of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in 2 (50 %) patients and arterial aneurysm (AA) in 2 (50 %) patients, aged less than one year. Hematoma evacuation was performed in 4 (100 %) patients. Microsurgical clipping and removal of the aneurysm was performed in 2 (50 %) patients, and total endovascular embolization was performed in 2 (50 %) patients. After surgical treatment, there were no fatal cases. Post-stroke epilepsy developed in 2 (50 %) patients who subsequently underwent functional peri-insular hemispherotomy, as a result of which the seizures were stopped completely. Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus was observed in 1 (25 %) patient, who later underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting. The article discusses the features of diagnostics and treatment tactics of children with vascular malformations in the acute and subacute periods of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Results. Complete disconnection of the vascular malformations from the cerebral circulation was successful in all cases. Conclusion. When intracerebral hematoma in infants is confirmed, vascular intracranial pathology must be ruled out first, and an individualized treatment approach for each patient is necessary. Patients diagnosed with a ruptured cerebral AVM should be treated as quickly as possible in a specialized pediatric stroke center.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127469393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety disorders in neurology practice","authors":"V. V. Kolomytsev, L. Goryunova, V. Skvortsov","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2308-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2308-04","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety disorders are often encountered in the practice of a neurologist. These disorders are in various relationships with a neurological disease, based on which three groups of pathologies can be distinguished: anxiety disorders, manifested by somatic neurological symptoms arising from dysfunction the autonomic nervous system; anxiety disorders associated with major neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, migraine, and stroke; anxiety disorders resulting from side effects of therapy for the underlying somatic disease, including neurological one. In the first case, a neurologist must differentiate an anxiety disorder from a true nervous pathology, which is necessary in order to prescribe the correct therapy. In the second case, it is the responsibility of a neurologist to differentiate the symptoms of an anxiety disorder that occurs against the background of an underlying neurological disease from a progressive disease of the nervous system and prescribe specific therapy for a comorbid anxiety disorder. In the third case, a neurologist should take a detailed patient’s history to identify the relationship between the onset/intensification of manifestations and therapy. To assess the level of anxiety and its dynamics, it is necessary to use psychometric scales and symptomatic questionnaires. Therapy of anxiety disorders includes two areas: psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy; in order to achieve the maximum effect in severe cases of anxiety disorders, it is possible to combine these components. The preferred method of psychotherapy is cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychopharmacotherapy is represented by two lines. The first-line includes drugs from the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, while the second-line therapy involves increasing the dose of the drug or changing to serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126804765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and biochemical markers of neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"N. Zhukova, E. Kolupaeva, I. Zhukova, O. Izhboldina, A.Ya. Masenko","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2308-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2308-08","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, numerous studies have been devoted to describing the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of our work was to study the clinical, biochemical, and neuropsychological signs of AD depending on the form of the disease. The study involved 173 patients with AD, of whom 65 patients with early onset and 108 with late onset at the stage of moderate cognitive impairment. All study participants underwent the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA test), the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (FCSRT-IR), and a lumbar puncture with the determination of the levels of Aβ42 and Aβ40 biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid by enzyme immunoassay. The mean age of the patients with early onset of AD was 65.1±0.3 years, and with late onset - 78.6±0.5 years. According to our data, it was found that the majority of the patients with late-onset AD had a longer education (p=0.000) and had coffee more often (p=0.000) than the study participants with early onset of AD. We did not reveal the effect of alcohol and smoking on the neurodegenerative process. The patients with early-onset AD scored lower on the MoCA test than those with late-onset AD (p=0.000). The results of free recall and cue index on the FCSRT-IR test in the patients with late AD were significantly lower than in the patients with early AD onset (p<0.001). We found that the level of Aβ42 and the ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40 in the cerebrospinal fluid was significantly lower (p=0.000) in the patients with early AD onset. The results of our study prove the need for an integrated approach to diagnosing AD using clinical, neuropsychological,and biochemical research methods.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124277638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of HTR2A and HTR2C gene polymorphisms and the efficacy of rehabilitation measures in narcology patients","authors":"К. N. Poplevchenkov, T. Agibalova, O. Buzik, D. A. Mishchenko","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2307-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2307-03","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients with combined addiction to several psychoactive substances, as well as with addiction to psychostimulants. Meanwhile, there are no methods of rehabilitation of these patients based on clinical characteristics and the state of patients’ genetic biomarkers within the personalized approach. It seems relevant to study the influence of some pathogenetic biomarkers on the efficacy of rehabilitation measures in patients with combined addiction to several psychoactive substances and psychostimulant addiction in order to improve the quality of medical care for these patients. The aim of the study was to determine the association of HTR2A and HTR2C gene polymorphisms and the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures in patients with combined addiction to several psychoactive substances and psychostimulant addiction. Materials and methods. The study included 325 patients with combined addiction to several psychoactive substances and psychostimulant addiction. Methods: clinical and psychopathological, anamnestic, catamnestic, molecular genetics, and statistical methods. The effectiveness of rehabilitation work was assessed by the number of patients who chose treatment in the conditions of inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation due to primary motivational work with them and by the duration of remission as a result of the program. The results of the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups: patients with only psychostimulant addiction, patients with combined addiction to several psychoactive substances, and those with psychostimulant addiction and comorbid psychiatric pathology. The association of polymorphism of genes controlling the work of the serotonin system of the brain (HTR2A and HTR2C) and the efficacy of motivational work aimed at undergoing a rehabilitation program and the duration of remissions was revealed. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, the association of some clinical characteristics and HTR2A and HTR2C gene polymorphisms with the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures in patients with combined addiction to several psychoactive substances, psychostimulant addiction, and with comorbid psychiatric pathology was established.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129158699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early and late facial neuropathy after radiosurgery of vestibulocochlear schwannomas","authors":"K. V. Gretskikh, L. B. Zavaliy, O. Evdokimova, N. Shamalov, S. Petrikov","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2307-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2307-05","url":null,"abstract":"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is the method of choice for the treatment of vestibular schwannomas, due to its high frequency of tumor growth control and low complication rate. According to the world scientific literature, one of the rare late radiation induced complications is facial nerve paralysis. It is extremely rare to find reports of cases of prosoparesis that occurred during the first week after performing SRS. The potential etiology, pathogenesis, and management of this type of complication still remain a subject for discussion. As potential risk factors for the development of radiation-induced complications for cranial nerves, such indicators as the patient's age, the maximum diameter of the tumor, the presence of a fundal fluid cap, the amount of prescribed, average and maximum radiation dose per cochlea, the extent of the tumor's contact with the nerve trunk, or the radiation dose beyond the boundaries of the tumor are currently being studied. However, further study of predictors of the post-radiation neuropathy requires cohort studies. The article presents two cases of early and late radiation-induced neuropathy of the facial nerve after radiosurgery of vestibular schwannomas. Predictors and risk factors for the development of this type of complications after SRS are discussed. The important role of steroid therapy in the complex treatment of this group of patients was noted. In the presented patients, no reliable pathogenetic mechanisms leading to early radiation damage to the facial nerve were revealed. Despite the restoration or improvement of the strength of facial muscles, complications of facial neuropathy (hypertension, synkinesia) developed, which required timely detection and correction with the mandatory supervision of a neurologist.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121367681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidity of schizophrenia and alcoholism in the modern paradigm of outpatient psychiatric care","authors":"D. I. Cherepakhin, P. Aronov","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2307-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2307-10","url":null,"abstract":"The comorbidity of alcohol disorder and schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder is a complex and multifaceted problem that has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and the complexity of medical care. This article discusses the common neurobiological mechanisms that explain the high rates of co-occurrence of these disorders, as well as the consequences of such comorbidity for patients and the healthcare system. Additionally, potential ways to optimize the treatment of these patients are being considered.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124537014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothymia in alcohol dependence","authors":"I. Darenskiy","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2307-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2307-08","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to identify hypothymic disorders typical for patients with alcohol dependence. Material and methods. 100 male patients aged 38-53 years who were hospitalized for alcohol dependence with a typical course in the early post-withdrawal period were examined. The examination was carried out by the clinical method and using the HDRS scale. Results. Affective disorders in alcohol addicts manifested in the form of hypothymia within the asthenic (cerebro-asthenic) syndrome, which is fundamentally different from the depressive disorders that are typical for psychiatric diseases. Conclusions. The peculiarity of the hypothymic symptoms is sufficient to negate their similarity to depression in psychiatric illnesses. The use of the concept of depression in narcology is carried out with an assumption that often distorts the true state of affairs in the clinical picture.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124548307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and neurophysiological correlations in patients with acute non-traumatic hemispheric hematomas","authors":"I. S. Kurepina, R. Zorin, V. A. Zhadnov, O. V. Evdokimova, A. O. Burshinov","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2307-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2307-04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between clinical and neurophysiological parameters in patients with non-traumatic supratentorial hematomas. We examined 90 patients in acute period of parenchymal hemorrhagic stroke; the Glasgow Coma Scale (at first day) and the NIHSS (at 1st, 3rd, and 14th days) were used for the assessment of clinical dynamics. Two groups of patients were identified by means of cluster analysis. Cluster 1 included the patients with lower number of correlations between neurophysiologic parameters; cluster 2 included the patients with higher level of conjugacy in the mechanisms of nervous regulation. The clinical and neurophysiological correlations that differed between the groups of the patients were found. The role of EEG slow-wave activity and its association with the severity of neurological symptoms in the group of the patients with regress of neurological deficit were described. The role of desynchronizing influences in minimizing the severity of neurological deficit in patients with unfavorable course of disease was established. In conclusion, we emphasize the heterogeneity of the groups of the patients with parenchymal hemorrhagic stroke due to their clinical course; the role of synchronizing and desynchronizing influences of the brainstem structures according to EEG data in the assessment of the course of acute period of hemorrhagic stroke is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126800837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of anticoagulants in patients with traumatic brain injury and intracranial hematomas with the novel coronavirus infection as a concomitant pathology","authors":"V. Cherebillo, A. D. Kanarskiy, A. Sosnovski, M. Kurnukhina, V. K. Chernichenko","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2307-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2307-09","url":null,"abstract":"Anticoagulant therapy is an integral part in the treatment and prevention of diseases and symptoms associated with pathological thrombosis in the human body. Anticoagulant therapy is traditionally not used in traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic strokes with the formation of intracranial hematomas, intracerebral hematomas, and contusion hemorrhagic foci. However, in such diseases as the novel coronavirus infection, anticoagulant therapy is life-saving, since there is a high risk of developing various thromboses. The article considers the indications for the prescription of anticoagulants in the combination of these pathologies. The article discusses the possibility of using anticoagulants in patients with the novel coronavirus infection and intracranial hematomas, when there are two life-threatening diseases, in which anticoagulants are vital in one case and contraindicated in the other one. It is necessary to understand the complex mechanisms of hemostasis and weigh the risks and benefits in each case.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121189368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degenerative disc disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and classification","authors":"G. Musa, S. K. Makirov, G. Chmutin, E. Chmutin, G. I. Antonov, A. V. Kim, H. M. Shaafal, D. Khovrin, O. Otarov","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2307-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2307-07","url":null,"abstract":"Degenerative-dystrophic disease (DDD) and its complications is the most common condition in spinal neurosurgery. It affects about 80 % of all people over 80 and is the most common cause of disability in the middle-aged population. The main symptoms include mechanical back pain, symptoms of radiculitis and limping, limited mobility, and poor quality of life. Determining the pathophysiology, causes of DDD pain, as well as diagnostic tools and expected changes is paramount to improve patient care and satisfaction. In this paper, we present an overview of DDD pathophysiology, classification, and diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125298337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}