Fatigue-Biomedicine Health and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Longitudinal associations of lymphocyte subsets with clinical outcomes in chronic fatigue syndrome.","authors":"Melissa L Mehalick,&nbsp;Karen B Schmaling,&nbsp;Daniel E Sabath,&nbsp;Dedra S Buchwald","doi":"10.1080/21641846.2018.1426371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21641846.2018.1426371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by prolonged fatigue and other physical and neurocognitive symptoms. Some studies suggest that CFS is accompanied by disruptions in the number and function of various lymphocytes. However, it is not clear which lymphocytes might influence CFS symptoms.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine if patient reported fatigue symptoms and physical functioning scores significantly changed across time with lymphocyte counts as evidence of a relation among chronic fatigue symptoms and the immune response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current longitudinal, naturalistic study assessed the cellular expression of three lymphocyte subtypes -- natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-CD16+ and CD3-CD56+) and naïve T cells (CD4+CD45RA+) -- to determine whether changes in lymphocytes at 4 time points across 18 months were associated with clinical outcomes, including CFS symptoms, physical functioning, and vitality, among patients with chronic fatigue.. Latent growth curve models were used to examine the longitudinal relationship between lymphocytes and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-three patients with Fukuda-based CFS and seven with non-CFS fatigue provided study data. Results indicated that higher proportions of naïve T cells and lower proportions of NK cells were associated with worse physical functioning, whereas higher proportions of NK cells (CD3-CD16+) and lower proportions of naïve T cells were associated with fewer CFS symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that lymphocytes are modestly related to clinical outcomes over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":44745,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue-Biomedicine Health and Behavior","volume":"6 2","pages":"80-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21641846.2018.1426371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36401360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking childhood adversity in chronic fatigue syndrome.","authors":"James E Clark, Sean L Davidson, Laura Maclachlan, Julia L Newton, Stuart Watson","doi":"10.1080/21641846.2018.1384095","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21641846.2018.1384095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Previous studies have consistently shown increased rates of childhood adversity in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, such aetiopathogenic studies of CFS are potentially confounded by co-morbidity and misdiagnosis particularly with depression. <b>Purpose:</b> We examined the relationship between rates of childhood adversity using two complimentary approaches (1) a sample of CFS patients who had no lifetime history of depression and (2) a modelling approach. <b>Methods:</b> Childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) administered to a sample of 52 participants with chronic fatigue syndrome and 19 controls who did not meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder (confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV). Subsequently, Mediation Analysis (Baye's Rules) was used to establish the risk childhood adversity poses for CFS with and without depression. <b>Results:</b> In a cohort of CFS patients with depression comprehensively excluded, CTQ scores were markedly lower than in all previous studies and, in contrast to these previous studies, not increased compared with healthy controls. Post-hoc analysis showed that CTQ scores correlated with the number of depressive symptoms during the lifetime worst period of low mood. The probability of developing CFS given a history of childhood trauma is 4%, a two-fold increased risk compared to the general population. However, much of this risk is mediated by the concomitant development of major depression. <b>Conclusions:</b> The data suggests that previous studies showing a relationship between childhood adversity and CFS may be attributable to the confounding effects of co-morbid or misdiagnosed depressive disorder. <b>Abbreviations:</b> CFS: Chronic fatigue syndrome; CTQ: Childhood trauma questionnaire; MDD: Major depressive disorder; CA: Childhood adversity; <i>P</i>: Probability.</p>","PeriodicalId":44745,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue-Biomedicine Health and Behavior","volume":"6 1","pages":"20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2017-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5774185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35787483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac sympathetic innervation associates with autonomic dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome - a pilot study.","authors":"George Petrides,&nbsp;Pawel Zalewski,&nbsp;David McCulloch,&nbsp;Laura Maclachlan,&nbsp;Andreas Finkelmeyer,&nbsp;Tim Hodgson,&nbsp;Andrew Blamire,&nbsp;Julia L Newton","doi":"10.1080/21641846.2017.1322235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21641846.2017.1322235","url":null,"abstract":"Despite hemodynamic abnormalities being well documented in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), it remains unclear the nature of the underlying autonomic nervous system problems that underpin these findings. Studies performed in subgroups of those with CFS suggest cardiac sympathetic denervation. Meta-iodo-benzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging provides a quantitative measure of cardiac sympathetic innervation. Clinically, cardiac MIBG scanning is used to estimate local myocardial sympathetic nerve damage in heart disease and dysautonomia, particularly abnormalities arising due to sympathetic innervation [1,2]. In this study, we explored potential mechanisms that underpin the autonomic abnormalities seen in CFS using I125 MIBG participants that fulfilled Fukuda diagnostic criteria for CFS [3]. Participants were excluded if screened positive for a major depressive episode (Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders). Fatigue was measured using the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS). Autonomic function was measured continuously during 10 minute supine rest using the Taskforce Monitor (CNSystems; Graz, Austria) to derive heart rate and blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) (spectral analysis and the autoregressive model). Low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands were reported for heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure variability and LF/HF ratio. These variability indices reflect autonomic control, with greater HF values reflecting greater vagal (parasympathetic) modulation and higher LF values indicating predominantly sympathetic modulation. The LF/HF ratio has been argued to capture ‘sympathovagal balance’ and higher values suggest greater sympathetic dominance [4]. Myocardial innervation imaging with Iodine-123-meta-iodo-benzylguanidine (123 I-MIBG) scintigraphy provides a non-invasive tool for the investigation of cardiac sympathetic innervation. MIBG is an analogue of guanethidine and is taken up by the post-ganglionic presynaptic nerve endings of the adrenergic nervous system. After depolarisation, MIBG is released into the synaptic cleft like noradrenaline but is not metabolised. Labelling MIBG with iodine-123 (123-I) permits visualisation of adrenergic innervation in vivo [5]. During the scintigraphic method of myocardial imaging 123-I-MIBG is intravenously administered at rest and imaging is performed after 10–30 minutes. Planar images with anterior views are used to evaluate cardiac sympathetic function. Regions of interest are set in the heart and mediastinum to obtain mean counts in each, after which H/M ratios are calculated to provide a degree of accumulation in the heart. Upper limit of normal is defined as &lt;2.6. Increased sympathetic activity is associated with a low myocardial MIBG. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad PRISM. Nine CFS subjects underwent MIBG. Mean ± SD age 51 ± 6.7 with five females. Length of history was 17 ± 11 years (range 7–28). M","PeriodicalId":44745,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue-Biomedicine Health and Behavior","volume":"5 3","pages":"184-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21641846.2017.1322235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36115091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Evening Fatigue Profiles in Oncology Outpatients Receiving Chemotherapy.","authors":"Fay Wright,&nbsp;Bruce A Cooper,&nbsp;Yvette P Conley,&nbsp;Marilyn J Hammer,&nbsp;Lee-May Chen,&nbsp;Steven M Paul,&nbsp;Jon D Levine,&nbsp;Christine Miaskowski,&nbsp;Kord M Kober","doi":"10.1080/21641846.2017.1322233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21641846.2017.1322233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatigue is the most common and debilitating symptom experienced by oncology patients during chemotherapy (CTX). Fatigue severity demonstrates a large amount of inter-individual and diurnal variability.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Study purposes were to evaluate for subgroups of patients with distinct evening fatigue profiles and evaluate how these subgroups differed on demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Outpatients with breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer (n=1332) completed questionnaires six times over two cycles of CTX. Lee Fatigue Scale (LFS) evaluated evening fatigue severity. Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct evening fatigue profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four distinct evening fatigue classes (i.e., Low (14.0%), Moderate (17.2%), High (36.0%), Very High (32.8%)) were identified. Compared to the Low class, patients in the Very High evening fatigue class were: younger, female, had childcare responsibilities, had more years of education, had a lower functional status, had a higher comorbidity burden, and were diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients in the Very High class reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, and evening fatigue at enrollment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings provide new insights into modifiable risk factors for higher levels of evening fatigue. Clinicians can use this information to identify higher risk patients and plan appropriate interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44745,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue-Biomedicine Health and Behavior","volume":"5 3","pages":"131-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21641846.2017.1322233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36068016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevations of Ventricular Lactate Levels Occur in Both Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia.","authors":"Benjamin H Natelson,&nbsp;Diana Vu,&nbsp;Jeremy D Coplan,&nbsp;Xiangling Mao,&nbsp;Michelle Blate,&nbsp;Guoxin Kang,&nbsp;Eli Soto,&nbsp;Tolga Kapusuz,&nbsp;Dikoma C Shungu","doi":"10.1080/21641846.2017.1280114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21641846.2017.1280114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) frequently have overlapping symptoms, leading to the suggestion that the same disease processes may underpin the two disorders - the unitary hypothesis. However, studies investigating the two disorders have reported substantial clinical and/or biological differences between them, suggesting distinct pathophysiological underpinnings.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to further add to the body of evidence favoring different disease processes in CFS and FM by comparing ventricular cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels among patients with CFS alone, FM alone, overlapping CFS and FM symptoms, and healthy control subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ventricular lactate was assessed <i>in vivo</i> with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (¹H MRSI) with the results normed across the 2 studies in which the data were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean CSF lactate levels in CFS, FM and CFS+FM did not differ among the three groups, but were all significantly higher than the mean values for control subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While patients with CFS, FM and comorbid CFS and FM can be differentiated from healthy subjects based on measures of CFS lactate, this neuroimaging outcome measure is not a viable biomarker for differentiating CFS from FM or from patients in whom symptoms of the two disorders overlap.</p>","PeriodicalId":44745,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue-Biomedicine Health and Behavior","volume":"5 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21641846.2017.1280114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35715121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biological challenge of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a solvable problem.","authors":"Jonathan C W Edwards,&nbsp;Simon McGrath,&nbsp;Adrian Baldwin,&nbsp;Mark Livingstone,&nbsp;Andrew Kewley","doi":"10.1080/21641846.2016.1160598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21641846.2016.1160598","url":null,"abstract":"Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is comparable to multiple sclerosis, diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis in prevalence (∼0.2% to 1%), long-term disability, and quality of life,[1–5] yet the scale of biomedical research and funding has been pitifully limited, as the recent National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Institute of Medicine reports highlight.[6,7] Recently in the USA, NIH Director Francis Collins has stated that the NIH will be ramping up its efforts and levels of funding for ME/CFS,[8] which we hope will greatly increase the interest in, and resources for researching this illness. Despite scant funding to date, researchers in the field have generated promising leads that throw light on this previously baffling illness. We suggest the key elements of a concerted research programme and call on the wider biomedical research community to actively target this condition.","PeriodicalId":44745,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue-Biomedicine Health and Behavior","volume":"4 2","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21641846.2016.1160598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34427227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding cancer-related fatigue: advancing the science.","authors":"Michael Renner, Leorey N Saligan","doi":"10.1080/21641846.2016.1246513","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21641846.2016.1246513","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44745,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue-Biomedicine Health and Behavior","volume":"4 4","pages":"189-192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5772844/pdf/nihms933541.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35754498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case definitions integrating empiric and consensus perspectives.","authors":"Leonard A Jason,&nbsp;Stephanie McManimen,&nbsp;Madison Sunnquist,&nbsp;Abigail Brown,&nbsp;Jacob Furst,&nbsp;Julia L Newton,&nbsp;Elin Bolle Strand","doi":"10.1080/21641846.2015.1124520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21641846.2015.1124520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There has been considerable controversy regarding how to name and define the illnesses known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The IOM report has proposed a new clinical criteria and name for this illness, but aspects of these recommendations have been scrutinized by patients and scientists.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>It is possible that both empiric and consensus approaches could be used to help settle some of these diagnostic challenges. Using patient samples collected in the United States, Great Britain, and Norway (N=556), the current study attempted to categorize patients using more general as well as more restricted case definitions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the outcomes suggest that there might be four groupings of patients, with the broadest category involving those with chronic fatigue (N=62), defined by 6 or more months of fatigue which can be cannot be explained by medical or psychiatric conditions. A second category involves those patients that have chronic fatigue that can be explained by a medical or psychiatric condition (N=47). A third category involves more specific criteria that have been posited both by the IOM report, a Canadian Clinical Case criteria, a ME-ICC criteria and a more empiric approach. These efforts have specified domains of substantial reductions of activity, post-exertional malaise, neurocognitive impairment, and sleep dysfunction (N=346). Patients with these characteristics were more functionally impaired than those meeting just chronic fatigue criteria, <i>p</i> < .05. Finally, those meeting even more restrictive ME criteria proposed by Ramsay, identified a smaller and even more impaired group, <i>p</i> < .05.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The advantages of using such empirical and consensus approaches to develop reliable classification and diagnostic efforts are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44745,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue-Biomedicine Health and Behavior","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21641846.2015.1124520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34312237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in Symptoms Complicates Utility of Case Definitions.","authors":"Stephanie L McManimen,&nbsp;Leonard A Jason,&nbsp;Yolonda J Williams","doi":"10.1080/21641846.2015.1041336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21641846.2015.1041336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambiguities in case definitions have created difficulties in replicating findings and estimating the prevalence rates for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current study examined differences in occurrence rates for CFS and ME cardinal symptoms (i.e. post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and neurocognitive deficits).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicated that there is a wide range of occurrence rates on critical symptoms of the case definition, suggesting that either the types of patients recruited differ in various settings or the questions assessing core symptoms vary in their wording or criteria among different researchers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The polythetic nature of the case definition may contribute to the wide ranges of symptom occurrence that was found. In order to increase assessed reliability of the symptoms and case definitions, there is a need to better standardize data collection methods and operationalization of symptoms. This solution would reduce the heterogeneity often seen in populations of CFS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44745,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue-Biomedicine Health and Behavior","volume":"3 3","pages":"164-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21641846.2015.1041336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34411053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional level of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome reporting use of alternative vs. traditional treatments.","authors":"Shelby Wise,&nbsp;Rachel Jantke,&nbsp;Abigail Brown,&nbsp;Leonard A Jason","doi":"10.1080/21641846.2015.1097102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21641846.2015.1097102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), but whether it is viewed as more or less effective than traditional medicine is unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate patients' level of functioning based on the types of treatments they report using (i.e., traditional-only, CAM-only, or a combination of both).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited from physician referrals and media sources (newspaper, support groups), and 97 participants were retained for this analysis. Based on self-report, individuals were divided into three groups: using CAM-only (<i>N=27</i>), traditional medicine-only (<i>N=22</i>), or a combination of both treatments (<i>N=58</i>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Social functioning was significant (<i>p<</i>.01), with post-hoc analyses indicating significantly better social functioning for individuals taking CAM-only in comparison to patients using traditional-only or a combination of traditional and CAM treatments. Significantly fewer participants (p<.01) using CAM-only had a current psychiatric diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest using CAM-only treatments in CFS is associated with higher social functioning and fewer current psychiatric diagnoses. The results support the need for research to fully evaluate how CAM may affect functioning among individuals with CFS.</p>","PeriodicalId":44745,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue-Biomedicine Health and Behavior","volume":"3 4","pages":"235-240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21641846.2015.1097102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34312235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}