AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW最新文献_第3页

Angolan refugees in South Africa: alternatives to permanent repatriation? 南非的安哥拉难民:永久遣返的替代方案?

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v2i1.757

S. Carciotto

{"title":"Angolan refugees in South Africa: alternatives to permanent repatriation?","authors":"S. Carciotto","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v2i1.757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v2i1.757","url":null,"abstract":"For almost twenty years, voluntary repatriation has been considered by the international community the preferable, durable and fitting solution to refugee situations. However, the numerous range of socio-economic and political factors which caused protracted refugee situations in the countries of asylum and the reluctance of refugees to return have raised doubts regarding the effectiveness of these programmes. The existing body of literature on return migration focuses on migrantsâ€™ decision-making processes to return and on the challenges encountered upon their return including post-return reintegration and identity crises, but a limited number of studies address the issue of refugees facing repatriation to post-conflict areas. This article seeks to contribute to the available literature on repatriation by examining the case study of Angolan refugees in South Africa, the implementation of the cessation of refugee status and its consequences on the decision-making process. Findings revealed that the lack of options to acquire permanent residence in the country of asylum represented a major block to transnational mobility. The article addresses the urgent need to reshape the notion of return in the context of refugee repatriation towards more flexible forms of return involving periods of dual residence and back and forth movements.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117181447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW 非洲人口流动审查

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v3i2.822

J. Crush

引用次数: 0

Models for Migrant Leadership: The Cape Town Women's Platform 移民领导模式:开普敦妇女平台

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v2i2.767

Leah Mundell, E. Carone

{"title":"Models for Migrant Leadership: The Cape Town Women's Platform","authors":"Leah Mundell, E. Carone","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v2i2.767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v2i2.767","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2011, South Africa has increasingly moved toward an immigration system of enforcement and exclusion, seeking to discourage immigration through punitive policies that make daily life for migrants difficult to bear. The closing of refugee reception offices in urban centers and restriction of job offers to South African ID holders have caused many asylum seekers to become undocumented migrants and prevented them from working in the formal economy. In this context, some services that refugee organisations traditionally offer, such as job training and placement, become less useful for migrants who are undocumented and/or unable to work. This paper explores a new initiative of a Cape Town refugee organisation designed to support grassroots organising and to foment new networks of support and entrepreneurship for migrant women. Members of eleven nationality groups currently participate in the Scalabrini Centre Womenâ€™s Platform, coming together across differences in migration status, religion, socio-economic class and language to fight the isolation often caused by migration and to support business and personal development. Our research uses interviews and participant observation to explore the role of mediating institutions in facilitating migrant leadership and organising. We suggest that efforts such as The Womenâ€™s Platform are setting the groundwork for long-term leadership development among migrants and refugees. Nonetheless, the restrictions of the political and economic climate of South Africa, as well as the professionalised expectations of mediating institutions, make this a slow process that may favor individual advancement over collective action for systemic change.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"7 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130131129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Recruitment and Job-Seeking Mechanisms for Zimbabwean Women Care Workers in the Domestic Services Sector in South Africa 南非家庭服务部门津巴布韦妇女护理工作者的招聘和求职机制

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v7i1.868

Precious Baison

{"title":"Recruitment and Job-Seeking Mechanisms for Zimbabwean Women Care Workers in the Domestic Services Sector in South Africa","authors":"Precious Baison","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v7i1.868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v7i1.868","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the migration of Zimbabwean women to South Africa to undertake various types of care work within the broader domestic work sector. Studies on care migration have largely discussed South to North migration flows. This is despite evidence showing that there are significant flows of migrants within countries in the Global South. This article seeks to understand the recruitment and job-seeking strategies employed by women in this South-South migration flow in light of their migrant status and processes related to their migration. It is based on a qualitative study and utilizes data collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with key informants from four domestic worker recruitment agencies and 23 care workers in two cities Johannesburg and Pretoria. The leading findings were that Zimbabwean migrant care workers in South Africa faced exploitative working conditions as the majority of them were undocumented or irregular. They faced challenges in obtaining valid work visas and therefore, migrant care workers could not seek employment through formal channels such as recruitment agencies. They used informal channels such as social networks and the market. The article discusses the implications of using such strategies with regards to the subsequent working conditions and the protection of care workers rights.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115972808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Xenophobia, Price Competition and Violence in the Spaza Sector in South Africa 南非Spaza地区的仇外心理、价格竞争和暴力

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v2i1.755

L. Piper, A. Charman

{"title":"Xenophobia, Price Competition and Violence in the Spaza Sector in South Africa","authors":"L. Piper, A. Charman","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v2i1.755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v2i1.755","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade has seen growing awareness of violent attacks against foreigners in South Africa. This includes attacks against foreign traders in the townships where they are portrayed as â€˜taking overâ€™ by out-competing South African traders on price. Central to township trade are neighbourhood grocery or convenience stores colloquially known â€˜spazaâ€™ shops. Drawing on evidence from surveys with over 1000 spaza shopkeepers from South Africaâ€™s three main cities, this article makes the case that business competitiveness does not correspond simply with being foreign or South African. While Bangladeshi and Somali shops were, on average, cheaper than South African shops, Zimbabwean and Mozambican shops were actually more expensive. Further, there is also no easy correspondence between being foreign or South African and the experience of violent crime. Some nationalities report levels lower than South Africans, and some higher. However, there does seem to be a correlation between reported levels of violent crime and economic competitiveness: the nationalities whose shops are more expensive reported lower levels of violent crime, while those whose shops are cheaper reported higher levels. This suggests that the chance of being violently targeted is less about nationality, and more about whether you keep prices low and (presumably) profits high. However, the reality is more complicated as the nature of the crime experienced by the more successful shopkeepers differs by nationality. Hence, Somali shopkeepers endure much more violent crime than Bangladeshi shopkeepers. Not only do these findings challenge the myth that all foreign spaza shops are more competitive than South African shops, but also the assumption that all foreign shopkeepers experience the same levels and, especially, forms of violence.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133521083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

The Impact of Climate Change in the Southern African Region and Statelessness 气候变化对南部非洲区域的影响和无国籍状态

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v8i3.1134

Michaela Jahnig, L. Ndimurwimo

{"title":"The Impact of Climate Change in the Southern African Region and Statelessness","authors":"Michaela Jahnig, L. Ndimurwimo","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v8i3.1134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v8i3.1134","url":null,"abstract":"The right to nationality is among the fundamental rights that are recognisable under international and regional treaties, as well as national laws. Under international law, the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (collectively the “Statelessness Conventions”), for example, were adopted to promote and protect the right to nationality and eradicate statelessness. There are three ways by which nationality can be acquired: by descent or parentage (jus sanguinis – law of the blood), by birth on the territory (jus soli – law of the soil), or by way of naturalization which includes (jus domicili or long residence). However, the determination of nationality remains ambiguous, and statelessness is becoming a major concern in the Southern African Region. Statelessness often occurs due to the lacunae found in the laws, policies, and practices of states that deny individuals their right to nationality, at birth or later in life. Stateless persons become unfairly marginalised and denied their basic human rights and access to services, legal protection, and recognition. Statelessness is not only harmful to stateless persons themselves but can destabilise the society in which such persons live. This article investigates the risks of statelessness that can be associated with cross-border and permanent displacement due to the impacts of climate change. It evaluates the likelihood that such circumstances may lead to uncertain rights and legal statuses of stateless persons, issues that have the potential to be passed on to subsequent generations. The article concludes with recommended solutions for effectively preventing statelessness and for protecting and promoting the rights of stateless persons in the Southern African Region, specifically South Africa, Mozambique, and Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"4 23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130356697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Migration on Non-Migrant School Completion Rates and Enrolment in South Africa 移民对南非非移民学校完成率和入学率的影响

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v9i1.1158

Farai Nyika, D. Shepherd

{"title":"Impact of Migration on Non-Migrant School Completion Rates and Enrolment in South Africa","authors":"Farai Nyika, D. Shepherd","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v9i1.1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v9i1.1158","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa struggles with low secondary school completion rates and this has a negative effect on poverty and inequality. In this study, we examine the relationship between internal migration (international migrants were excluded) and non-migrant educational outcomes (secondary school enrolment and completion rates) in South Africa between 1996 and 2011. We use census data for the years 1996, 2001 and 2011 (at the district and municipal levels) in several linear probability regression models that include the First Difference (FD) and System Generalised Method of Moments (GMM-SYS) with instrumental variables. The 2011 census is the latest available in South Africa now. We find that internal migrants have a positive effect on both enrolment and completion rates of non-migrants. These results vary in intensity depending on the level of education of both internal migrant and non-migrant household heads. These results have implications for the local labour market and for income inequality in South Africa; internal migrants provide positive peer effects that contribute to raising non-migration enrolment and completion. Internal migrants also provide job market competition which influences non-migrants to complete secondary schooling. There is scant empirical evidence on the impact of internal migration on education outcomes in African countries, especially in South Africa. Our paper provides evidence from a country with a history of persistent internal migration. Most prior research has focused on the relationship between immigration and education outcomes in the developed world. We recommend that government improves secondary school quality in rural and urban areas and increase study loans for students at tertiary institutions.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114408629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precarious Mobility: Infrastructures of Eritrean migration through the Sudan and the Sahara Desert 危险的流动:厄立特里亚通过苏丹和撒哈拉沙漠的移民基础设施

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v5i1.874

Tekalign Ayalew Mengiste

{"title":"Precarious Mobility: Infrastructures of Eritrean migration through the Sudan and the Sahara Desert","authors":"Tekalign Ayalew Mengiste","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v5i1.874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v5i1.874","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores migrants experiences and their specific practices geared towards negotiating migration barriers and the effects of externalization. Contemporary migration from Eritrea is shaped by changing migrant aspirations, expanding networks of intermediaries and socioeconomic challenges. This is compounded by the European Union's (EU) externalization of border controls and limited opportunities for legal migration paths. In this context, a vast majority of Eritrean young men and women opt for overland exits through dangerous and long trails across the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea until they arrive in Europe. The irregular transitions and stepwise mobility are facilitated by the interactions of actors, mainly smugglers, family members in one's homeland, former migrants en route and in the diaspora as well as the local people along the trails, which I call infrastructures of migratory mobility. The paper argues that migrants and their communities develop and use alternative mobility infrastructures by establishing a transnational knowledge community to navigate increasing migration controls in origin and transit countries, as well as the externalization of European borders and migratory controls.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"563 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117055929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Migration and Politics in South Africa Mainstreaming Anti-immigrant Populist Practice 南非的移民与政治:反移民民粹主义实践的主流化

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v8i1.1071

Johannes Machinya

引用次数: 2

Externalization and Securitization as Policy Responses to African Migration to the European Union 外部化和证券化:对非洲向欧盟移民的政策回应

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v6i3.916

V. Mlambo

引用次数: 2