AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW最新文献

The Impact of Inter-provincial Migration on the Labor Market Outcomes in Two Developed Provinces in South Africa 南非两个发达省份省际迁移对劳动力市场结果的影响

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.797

Joseph Kleinhans, D. Yu

{"title":"The Impact of Inter-provincial Migration on the Labor Market Outcomes in Two Developed Provinces in South Africa","authors":"Joseph Kleinhans, D. Yu","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.797","url":null,"abstract":"This study used the South African Census 2011 data to examine the impact of interprovincial migration on the labor market outcomes in the Western Cape and Gauteng, the two most developed and popular inter-provincial migration destination provinces in South Africa. In both provinces, the residents were divided into four groups: permanent residents, intra-provincial migrants, long-term inter-provincial migrants and short-term inter-provincial migrants. The descriptive statistics indicated that both short- and long-term inter-provincial migrants into the two provinces were likely to be young people aged 15-34 years, unmarried African urban residents with 11-12 educational years on average, coming from households with three members. These interprovincial migrants enjoyed lower unemployment rates than the permanent residents, but the intra-provincial migrants remained the best-performing group with the lowest unemployment rate and highest share of employed persons involved in formal sector activities. The study also conducted a multivariate econometric analysis with probit regressions on labor force participation likelihood, and Heckprobit regressions on employment likelihood (conditional on labor force participation). After controlling for differences in other characteristics (or ceteris paribus), compared to the permanent residents, it was evident that both short- and long-term inter-provincial migrants into Western Cape and Gauteng were about 3% significantly more likely to be employed. After examining migrants from the Eastern Cape to the Western Cape and migrants from Limpopo to Gauteng, the study found that both groups enjoyed a much higher labor force participation rate (above 70%) and lower unemployment rate (30%), compared to individuals who remained in the Eastern Cape and Limpopo (labor force participation rate: 45%; unemployment rate: 38%).","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131096223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Experiences of Female Migrants in the Informal Sector Businesses in the Cape Coast Metropolis: Is Target 8.8 of the SDG 8 Achievable in Ghana? 海岸角都市非正规部门女性移民的经验:可持续发展目标8的具体目标8.8在加纳能否实现?

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.798

F. S. Achana, Augustine Tanle

{"title":"Experiences of Female Migrants in the Informal Sector Businesses in the Cape Coast Metropolis: Is Target 8.8 of the SDG 8 Achievable in Ghana?","authors":"F. S. Achana, Augustine Tanle","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.798","url":null,"abstract":"Situated within the neoclassical micro-economic and migration networks theories, this study used in-depth interviews to explore the circumstances, lived experiences, risk and vulnerabilities of female migrants in selected informal sector businesses in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana. The data was processed and analyzed thematically using the QSR Nvivo qualitative software version 11. Participants reported varied and complex lived experiences. Poverty, the search for employment, parental irresponsibility and marital instability were the dominant explanations for their decisions to migrate. Most participants intimated that their health and economic rights were often violated, that they endured verbal abuse, physical injury, sexual harassment, and were compelled to work even when sick. Their daily or monthly earnings were at the mercy of their employers, and their work, living and sleeping environments were unsafe. Considering that these findings reflect what generally prevails in other parts of the country, Ghana is unlikely to achieve Target 8.8 of the Sustainable Development Goal 8. There is therefore an urgent need to enforce the relevant laws and policies to protect the fundamental human rights, safety, health and well-being of females in these and similar livelihood activities in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116800246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Root Causes of Migration: Why Africans Leave their Homes 移民的根本原因:非洲人为什么离开家园

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.802

A. D. Fofack, Joel Nkeng Akendung

{"title":"The Root Causes of Migration: Why Africans Leave their Homes","authors":"A. D. Fofack, Joel Nkeng Akendung","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.802","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, irregular migration from sub-Saharan Africa has been under the spotlight. Western media and politicians often use doomsday scenarios to describe the supposedly millions of desperate people knocking at the gates of the European Eldorado to escape poverty and warfare at home. Such a stereotypical conception of sub-Saharan African migration is not only overlooking its root causes, but it is also far from its real dynamics. Thus, inspired by the extensive literature on international migration and based on data availability, 27 potential root causes of migration were selected to cover 30 sub-Saharan countries for the period between 2002 and 2016. The sensitivity and robustness of each potential determinant of both net migration and refugee population is tested using the two approaches of extreme bounds analysis proposed by Leamer and Leonard, and Sala-I-Martin. The results reveal that gross domestic product per capita, domestic credit, trade, foreign direct investment inflows, external debt, youth unemployment, natural resources rents, international tourism, military expenditure, health expenditure, undernourishment, food production, life expectancy, HIV prevalence, population growth, corruption, voice and accountability, rule of law, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and common law are the root causes of migration in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131535256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Changing Material Conditions of Cameroonian Migrants in South Africa: What does this say about an â€œAfrophobicâ€ post-apartheid State? 喀麦隆移民在南非的物质条件变化:这对一个<s:2> - œAfrophobicâ -后种族隔离国家意味着什么?

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.803

P. Angu, T. N. Mulu

{"title":"The Changing Material Conditions of Cameroonian Migrants in South Africa: What does this say about an â€œAfrophobicâ€ post-apartheid State?","authors":"P. Angu, T. N. Mulu","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.803","url":null,"abstract":"Violent attacks on African migrants have produced a richer body of knowledge on African transnational migration, xenophobia/Afrophobia, and their intersections with questions of citizenship and autochthony, especially in a country that historically has always been a home for African migrants. Constellations of narratives now vilify South Africa as a demonic state whose hatred of Africans and fixation on exorcising them have short-circuited the process of nation-building. The vilification of South Africa also tells us that many researchers, scholars, and even migrants are unaware of the ways that the country has transformed the lives of its increasing African migrant population. This article reflects on the changing material conditions of Cameroonians in South Africa to understand why this â€œAfrophobicâ€ state is still a key migration destination for Cameroonians. Drawing on personal exilic experiences, observations, and relevant literature, we argue that despite the victimization of Africans, including Cameroonians, this constitutional democracy has opened up political, economic and sociocultural opportunities for many Cameroonians residing permanently in the country. In forging this argument, the article interrogates the political landscape in Cameroon and examines key economic and sociocultural moments/activities in South Africa as well as accomplishments in this migrant community, to elicit how access to different opportunities in South Africa has significantly transformed the lives of Cameroonians.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123024848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Stateless Transnational Migrant Children in South Africa: Implications and Opportunities for Social Work Intervention 南非的无国籍跨国移民儿童:社会工作干预的影响和机会

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.795

Ajwang' Warria

{"title":"Stateless Transnational Migrant Children in South Africa: Implications and Opportunities for Social Work Intervention","authors":"Ajwang' Warria","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.795","url":null,"abstract":"Migrant children who are vulnerable to statelessness are a growing at-risk population worldwide, and in South Africa. Migrant children often travel unaccompanied or become separated from their families during the journey, thus increasing their vulnerability. These children are often denied their rights in countries of transit and resettlement and might even be detained due to lack of documentation. They are subject to high levels of violence and status-exclusion within the migratory process. This paper considers statelessness in migrant children in South Africa, and undertakes a review of the literature to understand this phenomenon. The results show that a considerable number of migrant children in South Africa are at risk of statelessness. While all children may have roots that can be traced, situations and technicalities arise within the migration and registration framework that result either in children becoming stateless or at risk of becoming such. These childrenâ€™s childhoods fall through the gaps as they lack a sense of belonging. They also have limited rights and none of the protection that goes with being recognized as nationals. Social workers are able to play a significant role in assessing and determining if migrant children are either stateless or at risk of becoming stateless and offer appropriate intervention to help them realize their rights, potential and contributions.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121690588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Voluntary Repatriation the Preferred Durable Solution? The View of Refugees in South Africa 自愿遣返是首选的持久解决方案吗?对南非难民的看法

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.800

F. Khan

{"title":"Is Voluntary Repatriation the Preferred Durable Solution? The View of Refugees in South Africa","authors":"F. Khan","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v6i2.800","url":null,"abstract":"Voluntary repatriation as the preferred durable solution for refugees has attracted much scholarly attention and the existing literature highlights the complexities of the process. This paper attempts to answer the question of when return can be considered as truly voluntary and preferred. To answer this question, the paper considers reasons offered by refugees themselves. The percentage of voluntary repatriation applications by refugees living in South Africa is low in relation to the number of refugees living in the country. However, reasons why refugees might choose to repatriate are still worthy of interrogation if we are to truly establish whether it is a preferred solution. Refugeesâ€™ answers illustrate that they are not always completely free to make choices. They may indicate consent, but consent does not necessarily indicate a preference. This paper incorporates a study which reveals that refugees choosing to repatriate from South Africa are indeed very small in number, despite the vigorous attempts of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at promoting voluntary repatriation. It further reveals that this can be partly attributed to the fact that in an urban setting such as South Africa with a rights-based framework, refugees are often able to better integrate into their host society without the direct assistance of the UNHCR as they would do in a camp-based setting. As such, assumptions that voluntary repatriation is a preferred durable solution for all refugees, need to be interrogated.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132657744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Building Belonging through Art with Young Migrants Living in Care in South Africa 通过艺术与生活在南非的年轻移民建立归属感

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v6i1.788

Thea Shahrokh, G. Treves

{"title":"Building Belonging through Art with Young Migrants Living in Care in South Africa","authors":"Thea Shahrokh, G. Treves","doi":"10.14426/ahmr.v6i1.788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v6i1.788","url":null,"abstract":"As young people with migration experiences build their lives in new contexts, their connectedness to who they are, to other people, to place and to culture underpin whether and how a sense of belonging is built in their lives. Belonging as a concept matters in young lives as it is underpinned by feelings of acceptance, inclusion and self determination. The realization of belonging can have important implications for young people's wellbeing and development. This paper shares the barriers to belonging for young migrants in South Africa, and how the pain of past experiences, and the exclusions they are navigating in the present constrain their sense of agency, impacting self worth and relationship formation. We share how a child and youth care center in Cape Town specializing in supporting young migrants and young people with experiences of trauma, innovated with a group of young women through participatory arts-based methods towards building belonging. We found that layering multiple arts methods can support young people to connect to their cultural roots and personal relationships, re-build trust, reimagine their identities as part of a collective and challenge power relations around gender, nationality and generation. We found that building belonging should be seen as a continuous learning process, that builds young people's reflective capacities to understand self and others and to make sense of the interaction between past, present and future. In turn, belonging provides an important conceptual tool for youth-led, context-specific approaches to working with young migrants, including on youth transitions.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114320960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Embeddedness of Human Smuggling in East Africa: Brokering Ethiopian Migration to Sudan 东非人口走私的社会嵌入性:促成埃塞俄比亚向苏丹的移民

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v4i3.849

Tekalign Ayalew, F. Adugna, P. Deshingkar

引用次数: 9

The Regularization of Zimbabwean Migrants: a Case of Permanent Temporariness 津巴布韦移民的正规化:一个永久临时居留的案例

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.14240/CMSESY031418

S. Carciotto

{"title":"The Regularization of Zimbabwean Migrants: a Case of Permanent Temporariness","authors":"S. Carciotto","doi":"10.14240/CMSESY031418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14240/CMSESY031418","url":null,"abstract":"Since the early 2000s there has been a proliferation of policy initiatives in high income countries to attract highly skilled migrants who are perceived to be net contributors to host societies. Generally, highly skilled migrants enjoy numerous socio-economic opportunities and benefit from fast-track procedures to switch from temporary visas to permanent residency. South Africa has sought to capitalize on this trend through domestic legislation and policy that promotes economic growth by facilitating the admission of highly skilled workers. However, these measures have also prevented low-skilled workers from applying for permanent residency, irrespective of their length of time in the country. These policies beg the question whether it is morally acceptable for a liberal democracy to deny a pathway to permanent residency based on skill level. The paper draws on Joseph H. Carensâ€™ theory of citizenship and the principle that â€œthe longer one stays in a society, the stronger oneâ€™s claim to remain.â€ It uses the example of the Dispensation for Zimbabwean Project, a large regularization programme for temporary workers introduced in South Africa in 2010 to argue that temporary status should not be â€œpermanent,â€ but should lead to permanent residency after a period of time.","PeriodicalId":447313,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW","volume":"314 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115937396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa 南非城市难民创业经济

AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW Pub Date : 2017-07-21 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh8r07x

J. Crush, G. Tawodzera, C. McCordic, Sujata Ramachandran

引用次数: 21