Clinical Medicine Insights-Endocrinology and Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Inhibitory Effect of TCF7L2 on Pancreatic β-Cell Dedifferentiation via ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway in Diabetes.","authors":"Hui-Hui Wu, Qian-Wen Ma, Yi-Meng Liu, Xia Wu, Jie Wen","doi":"10.1177/11795514241295620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514241295620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) variants seem to affect diabetes susceptibility through β-cell dysfunction, underlying basis of which has been considered to be β-cell dedifferentiation rather than apoptotic β-cell death. The Extracellular regulated protein kinases/Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway (ERK/MAPK signaling pathway) has been confirmed to be significantly associated with multiple cellular process, including cellular dedifferentiation. However, the effects of TCF7L2 on β-cell function and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway are poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate the regulation of TCF7L2 in β-cell function and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, which further participate in glucose metabolism and diabetes progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After transfection of TCF7L2 siRNA and lenti-TCF7L2 plasmids, the activation of ERK/MAPK signaling and β-cell dedifferentiation were evaluated respectively. Six week-old male <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> mice were randomly grouped and fed a normal or high-fat diet, and then pancreatic level of TCF7L2 protein were measured respectively when the mice were fed to 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. Furthermore, the contributions of TCF7L2 to ERK/MAPK signaling and glucose metabolism were investigated in a β-cell-specific TCF7L2 deletion mice model (TCF7L2^β-/-).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that impaired TCF7L2 induces β-cell dedifferentiation and decreases insulin secretion of MIN6 cells via ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Consistently, decreased pancreatic TCF7L2 protein in parallel with reduced functional β-cells were observed in <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> mice after weeks of normal or high-fat diet. However, the differences between were only significant when the mice were fed to 12 weeks of age. After weeks of high-fat diet feeding, impaired glucose tolerance and increased activation of ERK/MAPK signaling were simultaneously observed in TCF7L2^β-/- mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study indicate that the induction of β-cell dedifferentiation mediated by ERK/MAPK signaling pathway might be an essential component of TCF7L2 variants in the development of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44715,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Endocrinology and Diabetes","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795514241295620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Adverse Events Associated With Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Swetha R Reghunath, Ashna Chackochan, Girish Thunga, Dinesh U Acharya, Kaniyoor Nagri Shivashankara, Attur Ravindra Prabhu, Leelavathi D Acharya","doi":"10.1177/11795514241288645","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795514241288645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral hypoglycemic agents widely prescribed in India despite safety concerns. However, studies focused on their safety profile are scarce, especially in South India.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence and predictors of adverse events (AEs) with DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from medical records of T2DM patients prescribed DPP-4 inhibitors admitted to the medicine department from 2019 to 2021 at a South Indian tertiary care hospital. The causality of AEs was assessed using the WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) criteria and the Naranjo scale, and severity using the Modified Hartwig and Seigel scale. We applied a Generalized model with a binary response and logit-link function to understand the factors that best explain the AE. The best-fit models were chosen based on least Akaike's information criterion and highest Pseudo<i>R</i> ² and presented the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval. The analyses were performed in R software version 4.2.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 796 patients included in the study, 26% experienced AEs. A total of 212 AEs were observed, and Saxagliptin-associated AEs were the most prevalent (66.6%). Hepatic AEs were predominant (37.7%), followed by gastrointestinal events (16.5%) and electrolyte imbalances (12.3%). Most AEs were possible based on WHO-UMC criteria (78.7%) and the Naranjo scale (86.7%), with 58% being of moderate severity and 42% mild. In the multivariate analysis, aspartate transaminase [OR: 1.013 (0.006-1.020)], alkaline phosphatase [OR: 1.004 (1.001-1.007)] and patients already on DPP-4 inhibitors [OR 1.191(1.012-1.366)] were significant predictors for AEs with DPP-4 inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlighted a high prevalence of AEs with DPP-4 inhibitors and identified significant predictors of these AEs. These findings underscore the necessity of vigilant monitoring and risk assessment while prescribing DPP-4 inhibitors to the Indian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44715,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Endocrinology and Diabetes","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795514241288645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Attaining HbA1c Targets in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Jabbar J Atia, Ahmed Dheyaa Al-Obaidi, Ahmed Sermed Al Sakini, Yousif Ali Al-Saady, Assalah Othman, Hashim Talib Hashim, Mustafa Najah Al-Obaidi, Hasan Al-Obaidi, Nooraldin Merza","doi":"10.1177/11795514241293346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514241293346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic illness causing elevated glucose levels due to insulin resistance. Social media has been found to positively impact diabetes management by boosting motivation, adherence, emotional support, and sharing evidence-based information, thereby enhancing patients' glycemic control efforts and achieving HbA1c targets. Primarily to examine the influence of social media within a random sample Iraqi population of T2DM patients on the control of diabetes, as measured by HbA1c levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicentric cross-sectional study involves patients diagnosed with T2DM recruited between December 30, 2019 and November 8, 2023. Patients diagnosed with T2DM, who visited the outpatient clinic at least twice during the study period, were included. The sample size comprised 2921 patients. Various social media platforms available including, Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Telegram, X (formerly known as Twitter), and Viber, were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study involves 2921 participants with a mean age of 53.3 years, 56% of them successfully reached their HbA1c target within a mean of 18.17 months. A significant correlation was found between achieving the target and using social media (<i>P</i> = .0001), with a shorter average duration among social media users compared to non-users. A family history of diabetes also significantly correlated with achieving the desired outcome, suggesting a probable positive correlation (<i>P</i> = .019).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study reveals a significant association between social media usage and glycemic control, introducing the importance of technology-based interventions in enhancing diabetes self-management, highlighting the relationships between social media engagement and HbA1c target achievement.</p>","PeriodicalId":44715,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Endocrinology and Diabetes","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795514241293346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male Infertility associated with a Novel <i>PRKAR1A</i> Mutation in Carney Complex.","authors":"Maja Dimitrovska, Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska, Jean K Gogusev, Tatjana Milenkovic, Gjorgji Bozhinovski, Cedomir Dimitrovski","doi":"10.1177/11795514241293073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514241293073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carney Complex (CNC) is a rare syndrome characterized by spotty skin pigmentation and multiple neoplasms, notably cardiac myxomas, schwannomas, and endocrine tumours. It is often inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with <i>PRKAR1A</i> gene mutations found in the majority of cases. Male infertility is established as part of the CNC phenotype and is largely associated with Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumours (LCCSCT). We describe a case of a 30-year-old male patient with Carney Complex, presenting with severe oligoasthenozoospermia and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). During follow-up consults, the severe oligozoospermia and impaired semen motility persisted and the patient was also diagnosed with a recurring cardiac myxoma and LCCSCT. Molecular testing identified a novel <i>PRKAR1A</i> mutation involving a deletion of exons 4 to 7. Our findings suggest this mutation causes <i>PRKAR1A</i> haploinsufficiency, which may be directly linked to male infertility, irrespective of the presence of testicular tumours. Accordingly, in male patients with CNC, detection of a <i>PRKAR1A</i> gene mutation may serve as a predictive marker for infertility. This case report illustrates the importance of early consideration and management of infertility in male patients diagnosed with CNC.</p>","PeriodicalId":44715,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Endocrinology and Diabetes","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795514241293073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11497543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Hyperparathyroidism With Undetectable Intact Parathyroid Hormone.","authors":"Zhixing Song, Jessica McMullin, Forest Huls, Richard Rosenthal, Sravani Bantu, Christopher Wu, Herbert Chen, Brenessa Lindeman","doi":"10.1177/11795514241290125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514241290125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypercalcemia can result from either hyperparathyroidism or non-parathyroid conditions. When hypercalcemia is accompanied by undetectable parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, hyperparathyroidism is rarely considered the diagnosis. Herein, we report the case of a 65-year-old Caucasian woman referred to our hospital for further evaluation of hypercalcemia. Her symptoms included fatigue and brain fog, with undetectable PTH levels. A comprehensive workup, including a series of laboratory and imaging tests, excluded common non-parathyroid causes such as malignancy and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. Ultrasound identified a likely enlarged parathyroid gland, which was further confirmed by a sestamibi scan. After 2 weeks of cinacalcet treatment, the patient's calcium levels decreased, indicating the parathyroid gland as the likely source of hypercalcemia. Parathyroidectomy was subsequently performed, revealing a 1927 mg adenoma. Postoperatively, the patient's calcium levels normalized, PTH levels became detectable within the normal range, and her symptoms resolved, with a marked improvement in energy. This case demonstrates that primary hyperparathyroidism can present with hypercalcemia and undetectable PTH. A genetic mutation in the PTH gene within the adenoma may explain the undetectable PTH levels preoperatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":44715,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Endocrinology and Diabetes","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795514241290125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrial Fibrillation and Associated Factors Among Hyperthyroidism Patients Attending at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Elias Manaye Tefera, Yibekal Manaye Tefera, Mekonnen Yimer, Biruk Mulat Worku, Eleni Ayele, Bedilu Zewdu Asmare, Deresse Abebe Gebrehana, Tilahun Nega Godana","doi":"10.1177/11795514241285347","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795514241285347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The most prevalent heart symptom of hyperthyroidism is atrial fibrillation. Other than sinus tachycardia, which occurs with hyperthyroidism, atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia. Hyperthyroidism results in excess mortality from increased incidence of circulatory diseases and dysrhythmias. The aims of the study was prevalence and associated factors of atrial fibrillation among hyperthyroidism adult patients attending the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of atrial fibrillation among adult hyperthyroid patients attending the University Of Gondar Referral Hospital, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a consecutive sampling technique, 228 patients with hyperthyroidism participated in an institution-based cross-sectional study. A standardized questionnaire that had been pretested was used to gather the data that was designed to include socio-demographic data, clinical presentation, biochemical profile, and electrocardiography findings through chart review and interviews. The data were manually curated.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Atrial fibrillation was present in 32 (14%) patients, with a 95% CI of 9.6 to 19.2. The identified predictor variables were age >61 years (Adjusted Odd Ratio = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.5-11.7), female sex (Adjusted Odd Ratio = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.4-12.0), and high serum FT4 >23.9 pmol/l (Adjusted Odd Ratio = 8.0, 95% CI = 2.1-30.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of atrial fibrillation among hyperthyroidism patients was 14%. Being female, being older, and having high serum FT4 levels were significantly associated with AF in hyperthyroid patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44715,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Endocrinology and Diabetes","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795514241285347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis of ncRNA Studies in Diabetes Mellitus With Coronary Heart Disease: A Visualization Approach.","authors":"Yu'e Tang, Rifang Gu, Jidong Rong, Xuqiang Nie","doi":"10.1177/11795514241276389","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795514241276389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) plays a role in the development of diabetes and coronary heart disease. However, there is limited research on the association between ncRNA and these conditions. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis and visualization of existing research to provide a comprehensive reference for future investigation in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) databases for articles published from 2012 to 2024. We analyzed publication volume, country of origin, authors, and keywords using Microsoft Office Excel, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 414 papers from 56 countries/regions, involving 298 authors, were analyzed. China had the highest number of publications (177), followed by the USA (90) and Italy (28). The number of publications generally shows an increasing trend. Collaborative research efforts were prevalent, with Katare Rajesh being the most cited author on average. <i>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</i> emerged as the most prolific journal in this field, while the article \"MicroRNA profiling unveils hyperglycaemic memory in the diabetic heart\" was identified as the most frequently cited. The analysis of keywords and literature indicates that current research predominantly focuses on the expression and mechanisms of ncRNA in disease, as well as its potential as a biomarker.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research on ncRNA in the context of diabetes and coronary heart disease has made notable strides, although it warrants further exploration. Through bibliometric and visual analysis, we elucidate the collaborative relationships among researchers, which can facilitate the identification of potential collaborators. Additionally, we delineate the key areas and emergent trends in this field, providing valuable insights that can guide researchers in selecting future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44715,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Endocrinology and Diabetes","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795514241276389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Serum Bile Acid Profile Characteristics and Identification of New Biomarkers in Lean Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Based on LC-MS/MS.","authors":"Bing Wang, Fei Zhang, Hong Qiu, Yujie He, Haotian Shi, Yuerong Zhu","doi":"10.1177/11795514241282253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514241282253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Plasma bile acid (BA) has been widely studied as pathophysiological factors in chronic liver disease. But the changes of plasma BA level in lean metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains unclear. Here, we clarified the BA metabolic characteristics of lean MAFLD and explored its significance and mechanism as a marker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based on BA metabonomics to characterize circulating bile acid in lean MAFLD patients. Explore its significance as serum biomarkers by further cluster analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and serum concentration change analysis of differential BAs. Evaluation of diagnostic value of differential BAs by ROC analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 65 BAs were detected and 17 BAs were identified which showed different expression in the lean-MAFLD group compared with the normal group. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of KEGG and HMDB showed that differential BAs were mainly related to bile acid biosynthesis, bile secretion, cholesterol metabolism, and familial hypercholangitis, involving diseases including but not limited to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic active hepatitis, colorectal cancer, acute liver failure, and portal vein obstruction. ROC analysis displayed that the 6 BA metabolites (GCDCA-3S, GUDCA-3S, CDCA-3S, NCA, TCDCA, and HDCA) exhibited well differential diagnostic ability in discriminating between lean MAFLD patients and normal individuals with an area under the curve (AUC) ⩾0.85.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We delineated the characteristics of BA level in patients with lean MAFLD, and identified 6 potential plasma BA biomarkers of lean MAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":44715,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Endocrinology and Diabetes","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795514241282253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Metformin-Cabergoline Compared to Metformin Monotherapy for Management of PCOS With Hyperprolactinemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Aakash Kumar, Ahsan Nazim, Mahveer Maheshwari, Nisha Kumari, Purneet Kumar, Chandar Kanta Lohana, Deep Kala, Khansa Ali, Hem Raj, Hamza Islam, Rabia Islam, Monazza Riaz","doi":"10.1177/11795514241280028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514241280028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metformin plays a major part in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome .Trials are being conducted to compare the effectiveness of combination of metformin with cabergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia and polycystic ovarian syndrome.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of metformin monotherapy and combination therapy with cabergoline versus metformin for the management of polycystic ovarian syndrome with hyperprolactinemia.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>An extensive search up until 31 May 2024 of electronic databases (PubMed, Registry of Controlled Clinical Trials, Web of Sciences, SCOPUS) to find pertinent studies. An analysis was conducted with both observational data and randomized clinical trials . To compute the standard mean difference, weighted mean difference, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval, RevMan (v5.3) was utilized. Primary outcomes that were assessed included body-mass index, regular menstruation, weight change, prolactin, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three randomized controlled trials and 1 observational study, taking a total patient population of n = 535, were part of our final analysis. Prolactin (SMD = -3.23 95% CI: (-4.90, -1.55)) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels (SMD = -0.27 95% CI: (-0.52, -0.01)) were significantly lower in the metformin and cabergoline combination therapy group; monthly regularity was also significantly higher (OR = 3.07 95% CI: (2.09, 4.51)). Statistically, there was no significant difference in weight, body-mass index, or testosterone levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome, the combination of metformin and cabergoline significantly lowers prolactin levels and encourages regular menstrual cycles. Although metformin has the potential to suppress testosterone levels, more investigation is required to determine how combination therapy affect dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and testosterone levels. It's interesting to note that while neither intervention had a substantial impact on weight or body-mass index, metformin and cabergoline combination therapy outperformed metformin monotherapy in terms of supporting regular menstrual cycles. Customized therapy approaches are essential, and large-scale trials involving a variety of groups are required to comprehend the safety and effectiveness of treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":44715,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Endocrinology and Diabetes","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795514241280028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making the Most of <i>Familismo</i> to Curb the Diabetes Epidemic: Early Evidence of Success Delivering the Same Intervention to Latinas at Risk for and With Diabetes.","authors":"Maud Joachim-Célestin, Susanne B Montgomery","doi":"10.1177/11795514241274696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514241274696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>In the USA, diabetes disproportionately affects Hispanics/Latinx, continuing to contribute to health disparities. To address the diabetes epidemic, separate programs for pre-diabetes and diabetes are promoted nationwide. However, engagement by Hispanics/Latinx in either program is lagging. Recent evidence suggests that offering a single community health worker delivered intervention that includes both groups and allows family members to participate may be more effective and in harmony with Latino cultural values, especially if offered to Latino women (Latinas) who traditionally are in charge of food preparation. Our objective was to explore the results of an intervention delivered to low-income Latinas at various dysglycemic levels (diabetic and pre-diabetic).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this quasi-experimental mixed-methods cohort study we longitudinally assessed biometric outcomes and health behaviors among obese Latinas at risk for-and with-diabetes, participating in the same intervention. Data were collected at baseline and 3 months post-intervention. Focus group discussions and interviews provided qualitative data to help contextualize findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants at different levels of the dysglycemic spectrum benefited equally from the intervention across most measures. Among participants whose relatives had diabetes, weight loss exceeded that of participants without diagnosed relatives. Domestic partners' support, attending the program in a group setting, and previous diagnoses from a healthcare professional were associated with better results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that a community health worker-delivered intervention for Hispanics/Latinx with-and at-risk for-diabetes is feasible and could be more effective in reducing Hispanics/Latinx' diabetes burden. Health educators and clinicians should consider tapping into the collective nature of the Latinx/Hispanic culture to encourage healthy behaviors among individuals whose family members have diabetes, regardless of their dysglycemic status. We recommend replicating this study with a more rigorous randomized design, a larger number of participants and longer-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":44715,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Endocrinology and Diabetes","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795514241274696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}