{"title":"Prediction of the Heat Transfer Coefficient in Direct Oil Cooling of Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"R. Camilleri, Mahmoud Sawani","doi":"10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617101","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the prediction of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) in a direct oil cooled battery packs. The HTC is a critical parameter which is required for accurate thermal modelling of the battery pack and a precise thermal management system. The paper investigates direct oil cooling on cylindrical 18650 type battery cells. To increase the volumetric efficiency and energy density of the pack, the flow orientation is turned by 90° such that the coolant flows along the length of the cells, through the gaps formed between closely packed in-line cylindrical cells. The paper finds that direct oil cooling suffers from a large entry length during which the boundary layer is still developing. This requires correlations for developing flows to be used. When compared to CFD results, the Seider Tate equation was found to be within 8% at 100 < Re < 140. This however produces over prediction of around 60% at 100 < Re. In this regime, the turbulent equation was found to perform better, most likely due to similarities in boundary layer at this early stage.","PeriodicalId":447143,"journal":{"name":"2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129523045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kocer, Yeliz Yoldas, Selcuk Goren, A. Onen, I. Alan, S. Al-Agtash, B. Azzopardi, N. Martensen, J. Martínez-Ramos, D. Tzovaras, L. Hadjidemetriou, M. Khiat, Tim Camilleri, N. Borg
{"title":"Cloud Induced PV Impact on Voltage Profiles for Real Microgrids","authors":"M. Kocer, Yeliz Yoldas, Selcuk Goren, A. Onen, I. Alan, S. Al-Agtash, B. Azzopardi, N. Martensen, J. Martínez-Ramos, D. Tzovaras, L. Hadjidemetriou, M. Khiat, Tim Camilleri, N. Borg","doi":"10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617080","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into power systems has been a popular topic for a long time. Due to government policies and incentives, it will be more popular in the future since it is a free and environment-friendly nature. Besides its advantages, photovoltaic (PV) generation causes some serious problems to the grid. Since PV generation directly depends on the solar irradiance, cloud movements can cause sudden changes on the output of PV power and this results in some power issues in the system such as voltage violations, reverse power flow, voltage fluctuations. These types of issues complicate to maintain voltage within compulsory levels at customer sides. Thus, cloud-induced transients in PV power are seen as a potential handicap for the future expansion of renewable energy resources. This study investigates effects of instantaneous changes in PV power on the customer side voltage levels. Daily PV power output and voltage profiles were simulated using a real-world microgrid design that will be implemented in the Malta College of Arts Science and Technology (MCAST) Campus.","PeriodicalId":447143,"journal":{"name":"2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA)","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122980097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Rigatos, N. Zervos, P. Siano, P. Wira, M. Abbaszadeh
{"title":"Nonlinear Optimal Control for Steam-Turbine Power Generation","authors":"G. Rigatos, N. Zervos, P. Siano, P. Wira, M. Abbaszadeh","doi":"10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617068","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic model of the power unit undergoes approximate linearization around a temporary operating point (equilibrium) which is recomputed at each iteration of the control method. The linearization procedure is based on first-order Taylor-series expansion and on the computation of the Jacobian matrices of the joint turbine and generator's model. For the approximately linearized model of the power unit an H-infinity feedback controller is designed. This controller stands for the solution of the power unit's optimal control problem under model uncertainty and external disturbances. The computation of the controller's feedback gain requires the solution of an algebraic Riccati equation, which is performed again at each time-step of the control algorithm. The stability properties of the control scheme are proven trough Lyapunov analysis. First, it is confirmed that the controller satisfies the H-infinity tracking performance criterion which ascertains its robustness. Moreover, it is proven that the control loop is globally asymptotically stable. Finally, to implement sensorless control of the power unit the H-infinity Kalman Filter is used as a robust state estimator.","PeriodicalId":447143,"journal":{"name":"2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117108157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal Sizing and Location of Energy Storage System in a Power System","authors":"Maximiliano Martínez, M. Molina, P. Mercado","doi":"10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for determining the optimal size and location of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) which supplies load frequency control in electrical power systems. The objective is to achieve the optimal investment for installing a VRFB while considering its impact on the power system. Through stochastic optimization, the proposed methodology allows computing the variable operative costs and VRFB investment costs. To achieve this, a primal-dual interior point algorithm embedded in a meta-heuristic algorithm within an exhaustive search is used. In order to analyse the influence of the VRFB on frequency quality of the power system, statistical index is proposed such as the new factor used in dimensioning the secondary reserve.","PeriodicalId":447143,"journal":{"name":"2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122788494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Latchooomun, T. Sockalingum, K. V. Poullé, R. King, K. Busawon, J. Barbot
{"title":"Design of a Water Pressure Boosting System for Pressure-Driven Demand in a Distribution Network","authors":"L. Latchooomun, T. Sockalingum, K. V. Poullé, R. King, K. Busawon, J. Barbot","doi":"10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617085","url":null,"abstract":"In pressure-driven demand of a water distribution network, booster pumps are so much sollicited online that they can cycle on and off several times in an hour. Coupling the pumps with a variable speed drive does not offer much benefit since at reduced speeds and flows, pressure increases, shifting the operation point from the best efficiency zone. Another alternative is to use a hydropneumatic tank which reacts to pressure changes and at the same time prevents pressure fluctuations online. In this paper, we design a new version of the hydropneumatic tank system to supply water at a steady flow using a centrifugal pump coupled with a variable speed drive in order to maintain a constant air pressure inside the tank. Results of simulation show that the system can achieve higher stability and energy efficiency compared to direct pumping without compromising customer demand.","PeriodicalId":447143,"journal":{"name":"2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121174687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of CHP in Ensuring Flexibility and Security of the Future Transmission Network","authors":"A. Lazzarini, B. Aluisio, F. Falorni","doi":"10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617113","url":null,"abstract":"Until today Combined Heat and Power (CHP) installations are designed to produce onsite, supply power and thermal energy directly to users, basing its main value on energy bill savings. An increasingly RES penetration and the global decarbonisation and efficiency targets have introduced many challenges, also in Italian energy system, that must be sustained by the Grid Operators. This paper aims to investigate and present a new role for CHP as flexible resources supporting the power grid providing ancillary services, such as voltage and frequency control and at the same time other possible contribution in term of resilience, higher efficiency, emission reduction and greater RES integration. Moreover, the international political and regulatory framework has been analysed and the current debate regarding the role of the CHP as one of the protagonists for the achievement of the national, EU and International energy, climate and competitiveness targets has been reported. Finally, the current barriers to the development of cogeneration and the possible solutions to overcome them have been treated.","PeriodicalId":447143,"journal":{"name":"2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132183591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EFEA 2018 Chairs and Committees","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/efea.2018.8617041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/efea.2018.8617041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":447143,"journal":{"name":"2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131170188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Holistic Approach for Increasing the Electric Energy Efficiency of a Nearly Zero Energy Building","authors":"C. Mademlis","doi":"10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617064","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the control challenges and potential capabilities for increasing the efficiency of a nearly zero energy building (nZEB). In particular, a holistic approach for the nZEB microgrid by integrating several improved efficiency generating and consuming devices is presented and thus, the efficiency increase of the whole nZEB is attained. The scheme of the proposed improving interventions aims to the efficiency increase of domestic wind turbines, the higher exploitation of the energy storage system (ESS) and the reduction of the energy consumption of electric motor drives in residential applications, such as elevators, electric roll-up doors, air-conditions, etc. The above efficiency improvement interventions do not only provide reduction of the operating expenses (OPEX) in a nZEB, but they can contribute to the reduction of the required capital expenditure (CAPEX) for transforming a conventional building to nZEB. The latter is attained because, for the same level of energy autonomy of the building and without affecting the comfort of the residents, reduction of the power capacity of the renewable energy sources (RES) and the energy storage capability of the ESS can be accomplished. The methodology of each of the proposed technique is described in the paper and also, selective experimental results are presented that both verify the effectiveness of the theoretical considerations and validate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed improving efficiency interventions in a nZEB.","PeriodicalId":447143,"journal":{"name":"2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131537053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EFEA 2018 Author Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/efea.2018.8617044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/efea.2018.8617044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":447143,"journal":{"name":"2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134235118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison Between Six-Phase and Three-Phase High-Speed Drag-Cup Induction Motor in Terms of Cup Losses","authors":"M. Terzic, B. Brkovic","doi":"10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFEA.2018.8617077","url":null,"abstract":"Constant demands for increasing power density and safety of drive units are very actual, especially in the automotive applications. This is the reason why high-speed machines have been in the research focus recently. They offer the possibility to decrease the volume for the same amount of delivered power, which is produced at higher speed but lower torque which is directly proportional to the machine dimensions. Moreover, the application of multiphase windings increases the safety margin and power density of the system. The focus of this paper is on the drag-cup induction motor which is suitable for high-speed applications because of its inherently low inertia. The paper extends the previous research in this field by introduction of a six-phase winding which is than compared with the previously designed three-phase variant. Comparison is based on the analysis of magneto-motive force (MMF) and magnetic field spectra and their influence on the drag-cup losses. Analysis is performed by means of FEM simulations of the current distribution in the cup due to different MMF harmonics.","PeriodicalId":447143,"journal":{"name":"2018 5th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131218951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}