Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)最新文献

{"title":"History of the Syganak Irrigation","authors":"S. Murgabayev, Lazzat D. Maldybekova, M. M. Bakhtybaev, Kopzhasar M. Zhetybaev, M. Gursoy, B. Sizdikov","doi":"10.24852/pa2022.2.40.206.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.206.214","url":null,"abstract":"When studying medieval cities, along with the complex issues, including the structure, defense system, localization of cities according to written sources, identifying economic districts, is the study of the ancient irrigation system. Although the city of Syganak is mentioned in Arabic and Persian sources of the 10th century, we can find data on the irrigation system of the city in the work of the 16th century “Mikhman-name-iy” by Bukhara Fazlallah ibn Ruzbikhan. The waqf letters discovered by V.V. Bartold mention rivers near the city of Syganak and canals drawn from the Syrdarya. Data on the irrigation of Syganak are contained in the “Book of the Big Drawing”, “Drawing Book of Siberia” by S. Remezov. In Soviet times, E.I. Ageeva and G.I. Patsevich, V.N. Groshev drew attention to the issues of the irrigation system of Syganak. S. Zholdasbaev, who studied the city of Syganak for many years, paid special attention to the origin of the name of the canal Tuman aryk, derived from the Syr Darya. In this article, the authors drew attention to a controversial issue related to the location of the medieval city of Syganak. In some sources, the city is located on the right bank, in others – on the left bank of the Syrdarya River. Some researchers, relying on these sources, suggest that another city, Syganak, is mentioned in written sources. Our field studies have shown that the Syr Darya had several old channels in the vicinity of the city of Syganak. The discovery of these channels confirms that at one time the city was located on the left bank of the Syr Darya. The Sarysu and Shu rivers from Central Kazakhstan and Semirechye at the northwestern end of Karatau flowed into these old channels. Also, in the course of research along the ancient canals, several medieval cities and settlements of the cities of the Syr Darya were identified. The article provides information about ditches, derived from the Syr Darya, also provides data on the rivers originating in the southern part of Karatau, about their ancient names. The authors reveal that the toponymic names of Kyrash, Toktamys, Kelte-Shalkiya, Arystandy, Mynbulak found in vakuf charters have retained their names to this day.","PeriodicalId":447120,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123420899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Level of the Caspian Sea and its Infl uence on Historical Processes in the Lower Reaches of the Volga in the Middle Ages (analysis of materials of hydrology and archaeology)","authors":"E. M. Pigarev","doi":"10.24852/pa2022.2.40.183.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.183.197","url":null,"abstract":"The author analyzes the materials of hydrological and archaeological research and examines the historical processes that took place in the Volga River delta in the Middle Ages. Modern data on the hydrology of the Caspian Sea, changes in its water level, the area of the water mirror and land are presented. A detailed schedule of changes in the level of the Caspian Sea in the time interval of the 7th– 15th centuries is given, which allows us to identify favorable periods for human economic activity. There are three natural favorable periods corresponding to three historical epochs – the Khazar Khaganate, the Saksin region and the Golden Horde. For each epoch, a physical and geographical characteristic and a list of known archaeological sites corresponding to the time are proposed. The dependence of changes in the areas of the Volga delta developed by man on fluctuations in the level of the Caspian Sea is shown. Catastrophic sea level rises that occurred in the X century and throughout the 13th century, which influenced the further development of the Lower Volga territories, are noted. In the Golden Horde epoch, a natural favorable period stands out, falling during the reign of the khans of Uzbek and Janibek – the peak of the economic and cultural flourishing of the Ulus of Jochi. On the basis of the hydrological forecast, prospects are outlined in the search, discovery and study of archaeological sites currently located under the waters of the Caspian Sea.","PeriodicalId":447120,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)","volume":"85 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120874099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Tatar Encyclopedia” in the Context of Systematization, Generalization and Scientifi c Popularization of Knowledge about the Archaeology of Tatarstan","authors":"Rafail V. Shaidullin","doi":"10.24852/pa2022.2.40.242.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.242.248","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific article is devoted to the study of the characteristic features of the development of archaeological content on the pages of the 6-volume \"Tatar Encyclopedia\" in Russian and Tatar languages. In it, along with a brief illustration of the history of the formation and development of archaeological research in the territory of modern Tatarstan, the conceptual and terminological content of the section «Archeology» of the «Tatar Encyclopedia» is considered in a statistical and rubricational context, and special attention is paid to the problem of personification of the names of archaeologists and numismatists on the pages of the encyclopedia. In addition, the article fragmentally analyzes the «Archaeological map of the Republic of Tatarstan» and «Archaeological monuments of the Tatar ASSR» in the context of using the materials of these reference publications when writing historical references for the section «Archeology» about ancient and medieval monuments of the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of Tatarstan. At the same time, some critical judgments are expressed regarding the content level of a number of articles on the section «Archeology». The final part of the article talks about the socio-cultural significance of the development and publication of the illustrated encyclopedia «Archeology of Tatarstan». This encyclopedic publication will become a new form of systematization and generalization of archaeological materials about the material and spiritual culture of the peoples of Tatarstan, collected and published by the Russian historical and archaeological community for many decades.","PeriodicalId":447120,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130625846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glazed Bowl with Persian Pottery from Azak","authors":"N. Iudin, A. Maslovsky, Mehdi Kazempur","doi":"10.24852/pa2022.2.40.175.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.175.182","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents translation of the inscriptions on a big glazed bowl of Azerbaijani origin from the excavations of Azak. This find is unique for the archaeology of the Golden Horde. For the first time, since the moment of discovery, full translation, the preserved part of an inscription is published. The poetic text belongs to the previously unknown poet, Mokhi Al Din Ali Olnasser. This is one of the most voluminous epigraphic monuments found during the excavations of the Golden Horde sites. A fragment from the Samosdelka settlement, which bears the name of the master potter, Mahmud ibn Yusuf, probably comes from a bowl with a similar inscription. The work also provides information about the share and chronology of Shirvan ceramics in the complex of finds from Azak and other cities of the Golden Horde, gives its technological description and cites some of the most striking images.","PeriodicalId":447120,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133416520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birsk and Kushnarenkovo Burial Grounds of the Early Middle Ages in the Light of New Field Researches","authors":"R. Ruslanova, E. Ruslanov","doi":"10.24852/pa2022.2.40.42.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.42.55","url":null,"abstract":"The forest-steppe Urals is a special local region of the vast Eurasian space, where nomadic and semi-nomadic population penetrated from the steppe territories due to serious military, natural or political cataclysms in the steppe. In the middle of the 1st millennium, these processes especially intensified as a result of the revitalization of the steppe during the post-Gun and Turkic migrations, which led to the transformation of the ethnic map of the Southern Urals and the formation of a new poly-cultural population in the forest-steppe Urals. As a result of this mixing around the archaeological material of the first half and the middle of the 1st millennium AD. scientific discussions are still unfolding, both in relation to chronology and periodization and the origin of various groups of artifacts. The appearance of burial grounds, Birsk and Kushnarenkovo, is also a consequence of these events. The proposed publication introduces into scientific circulation new and interesting data obtained during the excavations of recent years.","PeriodicalId":447120,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133148359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heritage of the Golden Horde: the origins of Crimean Khanat cities","authors":"S. Bocharov","doi":"10.24852/pa2022.2.40.231.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.231.241","url":null,"abstract":"Golden Horde State during its existence on the Crimean Peninsula origin two towns Solkhat – Krym (modern Stariy Krym) and Kirk-Yer (modern Chufut-Kale). At the time of its emergence in the mid-15th century, the Crimean Khanate \"inherited\" only these two towns on the peninsula. Coastal Genoese towns - Caffa (modern Feodosia), Soldaia (modern Sudak), Cembalo (modern Balaklava) and Vosporo (modern Kerch) were situated near as well as two towns of the Late Byzantine principality Theodoro: the capital of the principality – Theodoro (now Mangup) and the town Calamita (now Inkerman). As a result of the Ottoman conquest of 1475 the number of Ottoman Crimean towns remained the same, only their names were changed: Caffa became Kefe, Soldaia – Sudak, Cembalo – Balaklava, Vosporo – Kerch, Theodoro – Mangup, Calamita – Inkerman. The total number of the Ottoman Crimean towns remained virtually unchanged for three centuries. In contrast, in the territory of the Crimean Khanate in the last quarter of the 15th and early 16th centuries five new towns were founded. Bahchisaray, Karasubazar, Ak-Mechet, Gezlev and Or Kapu were added to two old Golden Horde cities – Solkhat and Kirk-Yer. It were new towns that got priority in development. The political and economic center of Golden Horde Solkhat in the second half of the 15th century would lose its administrative importance and economic influence. During the khan's period it would be called Eski Krym. The main conclusion of the study is that all new towns of the Crimean Khanate (Bahchisaray, Karasubazar, Ak-Mechet, Gezlew, Or Kapu) were not connected with the previous centuries-old urbanistic tradition of local Byzantine or Genoese cities, they appeared in previously unoccupied places, where at best there were Golden Horde settlements. The original urban planning foundations of these cities come from the Golden Horde (in the broad sense – the Eastern) urban planning tradition.","PeriodicalId":447120,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116761085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Internal and External Migrations in the Moksha Littoral During the 13th–15th Centuries","authors":"Yuriy Zeleneev, R. Valeev","doi":"10.24852/pa2022.2.40.198.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.198.205","url":null,"abstract":"Migrations in the history of mankind took place at all times and everywhere for various reasons. The external and internal migrations in the Moksha Littoral to be occured in the 13th–15th centuries, caused by both resettlement from outside the region and the subsequent displacement of the masses of the population within it. The main residents of the Moksha Littoral before the 13th century were the Mordvins. By the beginning of the 13th century Russian population appeared in the west of the region and on the Lower Moksha. It is possible that there were a small number of the Volga Bulgarian settlers. As a result of the Mongol conquest in the 13th century the external migrations intensified. There was a significant influx of the Turkic-speaking population. The external migrations also led to internal resettlement in the region. The article deals with the correlation of these two forms of migration and their significance for the ethnic-cultural development in the region.","PeriodicalId":447120,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127293729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver Coins of the 13th – Beginning of the 15th Centuries from the Excavation CLXXIX at the Bolgar Fortifi ed Settlement","authors":"R. Valeev, Alexey I. Bugarchev","doi":"10.24852/pa2022.2.40.135.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.135.144","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the study of one group of silver coins found on the territory of the CLXXIX excavation site at the Bolgar fortified settlement. Almost all of them were minted at the Bulgarian mints during the period 1251–1332. The total amount, according to the authors' calculations, reaches 134 dirhams and fractions. A table is provided indicating the weight and time of minting of each type. Also, a treasure consisting of 46 coins was found in the excavation. After studying the stratigraphy, the authors suggested that there could be three more small treasures in squares 19, 49 and 53 of the CLXXIX excavation. Using the metrology of coins from the excavation, the authors distributed all numismatic material by weight groups. Two photo tables with images of 25 coins are attached to the article.","PeriodicalId":447120,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124209715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eastern Altai in the Early Turkic Time: “New” Materials of Excavation of the Kudyrge Complex (from the archaeological heritage of A.S. Vasyutin)","authors":"N. Seregin, S. A. Vasyutin","doi":"10.24852/pa2022.2.40.8.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.8.20","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the excavation materials of a series of Turkic enclosures of the Kudyrge complex located in the Eastern Altai. These objects were investigated by the expedition under the leadership of A.S. Vasyutin in 1982. A detailed description of the studied early medieval enclosures was made based on the information presented in the reporting documentation on the results of excavations. An analysis of the recorded features of the structures, as well as the discovered objects, became the basis for the conclusion on the dating of structures within the second half of the 5th–6th centuries AD and attributing them to the initial stages in the development of the Turkic archaeological culture. It was established that the materials reflect both local traditions related with the nomads of the Syanbi-Rouran time and innovations that indicate the arrival of a new population group in the territory under consideration. Published objects, as well as other complexes, demonstrate the necessity of further field studies of the sites in East Altai dated by the pre-Turkic and Early Turkic periods for the reconstruction of complicated processes of cultural genesis in the Central Asian region in the middle of the 1st millennium AD.","PeriodicalId":447120,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128167862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the Question of the Sacralization of the Image of the Kagan","authors":"Z. Samashev, A. Aitkali, Yerlik Tolegenov","doi":"10.24852/pa2022.2.40.21.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.21.34","url":null,"abstract":"The article refers to the archaeological research carried out at the memorial complex Eleke sazy. The monument is the only known to date ancient Turkic memorial structure of the khagan appearance in Kazakhstan. Among the things found in the temple, samples of the artistic creation of the ancient Turkic masters stand out. The authors especially note the elements of the type-setting belt, which are defined as the highest insignia and symbols of power of the elite. The genre composition on the front surface of two gold plaques of a type-setting belt is described in detail. They depict a crowned character on a zoomorphic throne, accompanied by servants. The attributes and elements of the characterʼs costume are considered separately. Particular attention is paid to the throne, goblet, composite crown and two ribbons. In general, the images on two overlaid plaques are interpreted as the image of the “Great Khaganˮ from the Ashina clan.","PeriodicalId":447120,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126930613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}