{"title":"Contextualizing the Impact of Legal Representation on Juvenile Delinquency Outcomes: A Review of Research and Policy","authors":"Stuti S. Kokkalera, Annmarie Tallas, Kelly Goggin","doi":"10.1111/jfcj.12192","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfcj.12192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the empirical research on legal representation in delinquency proceedings and situates it in the broader investigation of how states provide legal assistance to juvenile defendants. Our review of empirical studies found that attorney presence was an aggravating factor in dispositional decisions. After closely examining state statutory provisions on legal representation in juvenile delinquency proceedings, we suggest that the penalty effect of attorney presence is an artifact of the variation in state laws governing access and oversight of juvenile counsel. We conclude with suggestions for future research, policy, and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":44632,"journal":{"name":"Juvenile and Family Court Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"47-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/jfcj.12192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81258161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert A. Simon, Judge Dan H. Michael, Judge Katherine L. Lucero, Judge Guido A. DeAngelis
{"title":"The Human Side of COVID-19","authors":"Robert A. Simon, Judge Dan H. Michael, Judge Katherine L. Lucero, Judge Guido A. DeAngelis","doi":"10.1111/jfcj.12190","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfcj.12190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and continues to have, a broad, deep, and pervasive impact on our lives, our work, and how our justice system functions. While it is easy to contemplate the “system” as a massive behemoth that is impervious, impersonal, and impenetrable, the truth is that the “system” is made up of people. The men and women whose work is the building blocks of the justice system are individuals, each with their own narrative, experience, perspective, and role in the administration of justice. To understand the system and the impact of COVID-19, it is essential to understand the stories of those who work in the system. This article presents the individual and human stories of four professionals whose professional lives are a part of the justice system. Each of these professionals tells their personal story of COVID-19 and reflects on how the pandemic affected them and their approach to the work that they do.</p>","PeriodicalId":44632,"journal":{"name":"Juvenile and Family Court Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"5-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/jfcj.12190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39159204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining Callous-unemotional Traits and Anxiety in a Sample of Incarcerated Adolescent Females","authors":"Avital Y. Deskalo, Nathalie M. G. Fontaine","doi":"10.1111/jfcj.12193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfcj.12193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., lack of guilt and empathy) are a risk factor associated with antisocial behavior. Youth with CU traits can be differentiated by varying levels of co-occurring anxiety. In this study, we examined CU variants in incarcerated adolescent females <i>(n</i> = 109) and their associations with emotional and behavioral problems and history of maltreatment. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with a subsample of the participants (<i>n</i> = 13). Participants with CU traits and anxiety had similar levels of conduct problems compared to individuals with high CU traits without anxiety, but they reported more childhood maltreatment (especially sexual abuse).</p>","PeriodicalId":44632,"journal":{"name":"Juvenile and Family Court Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"73-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/jfcj.12193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90569194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Roadmap for CANS Validation","authors":"David R. Kraus Ph.D.","doi":"10.1111/jfcj.12188","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfcj.12188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In nearly every jurisdiction, juvenile or family courts will be using the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) tool to assess whether children can safely be treated in family-like settings to meet federal Family First Prevention Services Act (FFPSA) requirements. Yet, a number of peer-reviewed publications have raised serious concerns regarding the lack of CANS validation research. Rather than reject CANS, this article provides a roadmap for validating the tool with data that jurisdictions have already collected. Courts should require these three simple analyses before relying on the assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44632,"journal":{"name":"Juvenile and Family Court Journal","volume":"71 4","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/jfcj.12188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72475767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Merrian J. Brooks DO, MS, Joshua Leskovac MS, Mark F. Benedetto MS, Elizabeth Miller MD, PhD, Edward P. Mulvey PhD
{"title":"MI Implementation in Juvenile Justice: A Case Report","authors":"Merrian J. Brooks DO, MS, Joshua Leskovac MS, Mark F. Benedetto MS, Elizabeth Miller MD, PhD, Edward P. Mulvey PhD","doi":"10.1111/jfcj.12187","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfcj.12187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Motivational interviewing (MI) is a communication style focused on enhancing clients’ own motivation towards change. In the justice system MI has evidence to support that it enhances communication and change behaviors in youth. As most MI training is designed for healthcare settings training and implementation of MI must be adapted to fit the juvenile justice model. This includes both rehabilitation and restorative justice. Here we describe the details that allowed one county small county in Pennsylvania to roll out MI training and initial skills review in less than 6 months. The case reviews the details of planning, trainings, and timing of activities. We then discuss what elements of those details fit into a greater implementation plan that may be applied elsewhere. Four key elements were instrumental to implementation: 1) appreciation of JPO time constraints, 2) cost containment 3) using blending to enhance JPO flexibility with MI use, and 4) policies that normalize use of MI. This outline may assist other courts in their own implementation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":44632,"journal":{"name":"Juvenile and Family Court Journal","volume":"71 4","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/jfcj.12187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79842003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"School Shootings and Security Lock-downs: Myths, Positive School Climates, and Safer Campuses","authors":"Christopher A. Mallett Ph.D., Esq., LISW","doi":"10.1111/jfcj.12184","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfcj.12184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>School shooting tragedies and the juvenile justice system’s movement toward a retributive and punitive framework gravely impacted how primary and secondary school students, disproportionately urban districts, used security measures to lock down campuses and build “fortress-like” schools. This iteration of control on school campuses emerged in tandem with the most recent generation’s zero tolerance approach to student violence and problems; a policy widely regarded as ineffective in urban, suburban, and rural districts. As school shootings continue to impact state legislative action and public reactions to school management, this paper takes a critical approach to school security policies and reviews the evidence on the risk for school violence and how to move away from student control approaches that do not improve school safety. Instead, the incorporation of prosocial education and school engagement efforts finds that school and student safety is improved. These, and related approaches to student body management, decreases campus violence and may also minimize the risk of some school shootings - as rare as these tragic incidents are across the nation’s schools. The interplay of schools, students, and the juvenile and family courts is ongoing. Knowing how school districts can best approach their campus environments, safety, and learning is important for school social workers and court personnel because of how often these systems work, or do not work, together.</p>","PeriodicalId":44632,"journal":{"name":"Juvenile and Family Court Journal","volume":"71 4","pages":"5-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/jfcj.12184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78499725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frank DiCataldo, Rachel L. Serafinski, Danielle C. Beam, Thomas Grisso
{"title":"Feedback on Forensic Mental Health Assessments in a Juvenile Court Clinic Certification Program","authors":"Frank DiCataldo, Rachel L. Serafinski, Danielle C. Beam, Thomas Grisso","doi":"10.1111/jfcj.12186","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfcj.12186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Public-sector mental health systems have set forth specialized practice competencies for forensic mental health clinicians conducting court-ordered examinations. This study examined a sample of feedback letters to clinicians who submitted mid-training and final reports for review as part of the requirements for certification as a juvenile court clinician. The most common feedback points were insufficient/irrelevant historical data, problems with clarity/organization of the report, problems with interview/mental status examination, and problems with competency to stand trial data/opinions. Clinicians had fewer deficiencies in their final report compared to their mid-training report, supporting the perspective that forensic training and supervision is associated with better quality reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":44632,"journal":{"name":"Juvenile and Family Court Journal","volume":"71 4","pages":"35-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/jfcj.12186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87294895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Examination of the Relationship Between Media Exposure and Fear of Victimization: Implications of the Superpredator Narrative on Juvenile Justice Policies","authors":"Terrence T. Allen MSSA, PhD, Ahmed Whitt PhD","doi":"10.1111/jfcj.12185","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfcj.12185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The media allow crime to infiltrate the public’s consciousness in every conceivable way, thereby playing a major role in shaping the public’s opinion and attitude toward crime and crime issues (Barak, 1995; Fields & Jerin, 1996; Kappeler & Potter, 2005). Reporters constantly talk about crime, and crime related stories dominate the headlines of local and national newspaper outlets (Dowler, 2003; Pizarro et al, 2007). Some of the most highly rated television programs are based on crime plots and people across social, political, and racial demographics are constantly engaged in crime dialogue generated from local or national news stories. When the focus of these mediums is on youth they become even more profound and contentious. The images portrayed conjure up stereotypes that lead to fear and inflammatory remarks that become entrenched into the national lexicon. The current study uses data from the National Opinion Survey of Crime and Justice to test the relationship between crime-related media viewership and fear of victimization within a nationally representative adult sample. Approximately 42.67% of respondents reported regularly watching crime shows and about the same proportion (42.83%) believed their local media paid too much attention to violent crime. In addition to regular crime-show viewership, confidence in the police, gender, and recent contact with the police were associated with fear of victimization. This article adds to an existing body of research through a largely unexplored area in the administration of justice. It does so within the context of the U.S. juvenile justice system.</p>","PeriodicalId":44632,"journal":{"name":"Juvenile and Family Court Journal","volume":"71 4","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/jfcj.12185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78637929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resolution Regarding Sex Offender Registration Requirements For Youth Younger Than Age 18","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jfcj.12180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfcj.12180","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44632,"journal":{"name":"Juvenile and Family Court Journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"97-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/jfcj.12180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72332015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Message From The Managing Editor: Call for COVID-19 Manuscripts Related To COVID-19's Impact and System Responses","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jfcj.12172","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfcj.12172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>Juvenile & Family Court Journal</i> focuses on issues of interest to the field of juvenile and family justice, including child abuse and neglect, juvenile delinquency, domestic violence, substance abuse, child custody and visitation, judicial leadership, and related topics. Since the pandemic began wreaking havoc on communities all across the country, the COVID-19 virus has been an important topic to everyone interested in juvenile and family justice. The <i>Journal</i> is inviting COVID-related articles (law, research, commentary, essay, etc.) for publication in <i>Journal</i> issues in 2021 and beyond. It is important to document the impact the pandemic has on juvenile and family justice. We want to know how courts and related agencies have been dealing with shut-downs and the disruption the virus has caused? How have caseloads changed? How are justice-involved children, youth, and families coping during the pandemic? How are things different in places that have not experienced much disruption? How are you preparing for a post-COVID world? What changes will you try to hang onto?</p><p>Submissions can be sent to <span>[email protected]</span>. See the <i>Journal’s</i> page on the Wiley website for submission guidelines.</p><p>\u0000 <i>Also in this issue:</i>\u0000 </p><p>The National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ) recently passed a number of statements and resolutions on how to improve the lives of youth and families involved with juvenile or family courts. You will find these items later in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":44632,"journal":{"name":"Juvenile and Family Court Journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/jfcj.12172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38571789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}