2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of Coaxial Chemical Reactor Configuration for Nanosecond Pulsed Power Discharge","authors":"N. Shimomura, F. Fukawa, T. Yano, S. Yamanaka, H. Akiyama","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345818","url":null,"abstract":"Summry form only given. The chemical reaction in the reactor using pulsed streamer discharges brings the improvement of the treatment efficiency and new applications. Then, the shorter pulse permits higher electric field which is applied on discharge space and causes higher efficiency of treatment. Although investigations of the reactor configuration are important, the optimization of the configuration is delicate in the case of pulsed power. When the shorter pulse drives the reactors, the issues such as matching mid diagnostics would appear as well. A developed nanosecond pulsed power generator is used to drive the chemical reactors. There are two applications of production of ozone and treatment of nitrogen oxides. In these two applications, a same coaxial reactor consisting of a wire and a cylinder is used basically but the number of the reactors connected in parallel is changed. The high efficiencies of ozone production and NOx treatment are measured respectively. The system efficiency of ozone production, including pulse power generation, is approximately 200 g/kWh. Besides, it found that the small changes of the transmission line and the connection between the transmission line and the reactor affect the efficiencies as well as the configuration of reactors. In the measurement, the use of a resistive divider deteriorated the efficiencies. In using short pulse as nanosecond pulse width, the technique to control pulsed power becomes significant. The intimate experimental results will be presented.","PeriodicalId":446230,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"25 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124311143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroporation as an Optimizing Step in the Drying of Green Biomass","authors":"M. Sack, C. Eing, L. Buth, T. Berghofer, W. Frey, H. Bluhm","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345824","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The replacement of exhaustive energy resources by renewable energy resources nowadays becomes an important field of work for our future energy supply. There are already some examples for the use of plants as a source of renewable energy, e.g. ethanol made from sugar cane and sugar beets to power spark ignited engines or rape seed oil for diesel engines. Moreover, new processes like the BIOLIQ-process enable the adaptation of fuel to the needs of the engines or to synthesize raw substances for the production of polymers. For the BIOLIQ-process dry biomass is required. Hence, the amount of raw material can be increased by drying of green biomass, e.g. whole maize plants (Zea metis). During the last few years the electroporation of plant cells became an interesting new method for an energy efficient denaturisation of plant cells. During the electroporation process high-voltage pulses are applied to the plant cells. The electric field set up across the cell membranes causes the formation of pores. Examples are the electric treatment of apples to increase the yield of juice, or the electroporation of cossettes of sugar beets in order to save energy compared to the conventional thermal process. For the mentioned applications of electroporation the plant material is immersed in water in order to guarantee a good contact to the electrodes. But for a drying process it is essential to omit the use of additional water. Hence, it has been tested in laboratory scale experiments, to use the water inside the plants only: slices of plant material are pressed before the electroporation, until the space between the plant material and the electrodes is filled with juice. After a second pressing step, the plant material is dried in an oven. The energy required for the electroporation and the drying process has been evaluated and compared to the energy required for the drying process without electroporation. A clear advantage in energy saving for the drying process with electroporation has been observed. Diagrams showing the required energies of the different steps are presented for Zea mais.","PeriodicalId":446230,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114616844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Systems for Food and Wastewater Processing","authors":"M. Kempkes, T. Hawkey, M. Gaudreau, R. Liang, R. Torti","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345982","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing works through a process of electroporation in cells - destroying the cell membranes through application of short, very high voltage pulses across a liquid. PEF processing can disinfect liquids, improve the performance of industrial processes such as the removal of water from sludge, or the extraction of sugars and starches from plants, because the ruptured cells release their intracellular liquids more easily into their surroundings. This paper will discuss the pulser design and performance, and the modifications required for installation in a commercial wastewater processing facility.","PeriodicalId":446230,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114825180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron Density Measurements on Radiographic Diodes","authors":"S. Jackson, D. Hinshelwood, B. Weber, A. Critchley, W. McBarron, P. Martin, J. Threadgold","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651964","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. A two-color, two-chord, quadrature, Mach-Zehnder interferometer is being applied to radiographic diode studies conducted on the high-impedance Mercury pulsed-power generator. The two interferometer chords are positioned independently, so that the more sensitive chord at 1064 nm can be used to probe regions of lower density than the chord at 532 nm. The quadrature arrangement uses polarization splitting to extract both the sine and cosine of the interference signal, removing ambiguity about the phase quadrant. Mercury is a magnetically-insulated inductive voltage adder designed to produce a 50-ns pulse at 6 MV and 360 kA across a vacuum diode. The electron density and corresponding X-ray, current, and voltage characteristics are measured for several diode configurations, including the self-magnetic-pinched diode and variations of the rod-pinch diode. These measurements are used to track the shape of the plasma around the electrodes as it expands to close the diode gap at the time of impedance collapse.","PeriodicalId":446230,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114537881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of an Intense Pulsed Aluminum Ion Beam by a Magnetically Insulated Ion Diode with Vacuum Arc Ion Source","authors":"K. Masugata, H. Ito, H. Miyake, Lidong Wang","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345859","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Intense pulsed heavy ion beams have a wide area of applications including nuclear fusion, materials processing, and plasma production. Pulsed ion beams are usually generated by a pulsed power ion diode with surface flashover ion source. However, in the diode the producible ion species and the purity of the beam are limited. To generate variety of ion species we have developed a new type of ion diode. In the diode a gas puff plasma gun and a vacuum arc plasma gun are used as ion source. A pulsed power generator of output voltage 200 kV, current 20 kA, pulse duration 100 ns is used to apply the acceleration voltage to the magnetically insulated acceleration gap of dA-K = 10 mm. The plasma gun is placed 100 mm upstream from the acceleration gap. With gas puff plasma gun, nitrogen ion beam is successfully accelerated and ion current density more than 50 A/cm2 has been obtained. The purity of the ion beam is evaluated by a Thomson parabola ion analyzer and found that > 85% of accelerated ions are nitrogen. To generate aluminum ion beam vacuum arc ion source has been developed. By the pulsed vacuum arc discharge between the coaxial electrodes, ion current density > 100 A/cm2 has been observed at 100 mm downstream from the gun.","PeriodicalId":446230,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114671814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MHD Modeling of Plasma Generation and Radiation Transport Driven by the MG Field at the Metallic Surface","authors":"A. Esaulov, B. Bauer, R. Siemon, V. Makhin, S. Fuelling, T. Awe, R. Presura","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346283","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Recent experimental campaign at 1 MA (120 ns current rise time) Zebra pulse power generator reveals quite interesting dynamic picture of plasma production and evolution at the surface of the cylindrical metallic rods. Different rod diameters and rod materials have been explored. Multi-type plasma diagnostics included magnetic field probes, laser shadowgraphy, photodiodes, streak camera imaging etc. Radiation MHD modeling of plasma generation and evolution helps to interpret the experimental data and reveal additional features of plasma dynamics, hidden from direct experimental observations. Simulations have been performed with the Eulerian radiation and resistive two-temperature MHD code POS, modified to include both optically thin and optically thick plasma models into a single simulation. Radiation MHD modeling shows the generation of relatively hot and low-dense plasma fraction (that can be referred to as \"corona\") adjacent to the metallic surface, while the bulk of in plasma the metallic rod (or the \"core\") remains relatively cold, maintaining approximately the same mass density. Parameters of the coronal plasma depend on the road diameter and material used. This core-corona structure resembles the structure of the exploding wire. Simulations show that the coronal fraction of plasma is the main radiation emission source, while the intense radiation cooling keeps its temperature below 20 eV and prevents corona from further expansion after 80 ns. The intensity of the radiation transport in plasma has been compared against the kinetic transport effects, such as electron and ion thermal conductivities. Radiation post-processor of the radiation MHD code POS is used to resolve the radiation intensity versus the radiation wavelength and to rearrange the simulations data in the formats convenient for the direct comparison with such experimental data as the photodiode signals and streak-camera and laser shadowgraphy images.","PeriodicalId":446230,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114894190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Phase Shifting in 1D Bragg Structures for High Power Microwave Switching","authors":"I. Konoplev, A. Cross, A. Phelps","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346047","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. It has been observed that the inclusion of a phase shift in a 1D periodic structure can significantly affect the frequency response i.e. eigenmode spectrum and band gap structure. The generation of such high power microwave pulses, in the Ka-band or indeed in J tend, can be used test the breakdown strength of advanced accelerator structures such as those under development for CLIC or the ILC.","PeriodicalId":446230,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114929406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in PIC Simulation of Dielectric Barrier Discharge for a Plasma Actuator","authors":"M. Huerta, L. Ludeking","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345918","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. We report on a two-dimensional simulation of the electrical discharge produced in air at 1 atm pressure. We use the MAGIC particle in cell code (PIC) to calculate the electric field, particle motion, impact ionization, and the momentum transferred to the neutral air by the ions and electrons.","PeriodicalId":446230,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115057814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-microsecond pulsed glow discharges in atmospheric helium and argon at room temperature","authors":"J. Walsh, J.J. Shi, M. Kong","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345812","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Stable atmospheric discharges in helium, argon, and nitrogen have been demonstrated, typically with sinusoidal excitation, over a wide range of the parametric space. For treatment of thermally labile materials such as polymers and human-skin, the gas temperature of sinusoidally sustained atmospheric plasmas, particularly in argon and nitrogen, tends to be slightly too large and this restricts a full exploration of their parametric space. Recently, the use of pulsed excitation has been studied. This contribution presents data of an experimental study of atmospheric helium and argon plasmas generated and sustained with sub-microsecond pulses. It is shown that the pulsed excitation has three distinct advantages -namely (1) near room temperature; (2) very low averaged power; (3) production of high fluxes of reactive plasma species.","PeriodicalId":446230,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117003127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of Plasma Temperature and Density Profiles, Implosion Velocity and Kinetic Energy in Wire Array z Pinches","authors":"B. Jones, C. Jennings, M. Cuneo, D. Sinars, G. Rochau, J. Bailey, K. Peterson, C. Coverdale, Y. Maron","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345900","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Measurement of plasma parameters and velocity during the implosion and stagnation phase is challenging, but essential for understanding x-ray production in wire array Z pinches. This article outlines K-shell spectroscopic, monochromatic self-emission, and radiographic plasma diagnostic techniques.","PeriodicalId":446230,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116476285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}