MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research最新文献

{"title":"PHYSICAL THERAPY AND NEUROREHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH CEREBROVASCULAR STROKE","authors":"Lence Nikolovska, Abdulraim Taci","doi":"10.35120/medisij020461n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij020461n","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral stroke represents an acute disturbance of circulation in the brain, which occurs with local and general brain symptoms. Main etiological factors are: arteriosclerosis, increased blood pressure, arterial hypotension, heart diseases, malformations of brain blood vessels, etc. Stroke is the most common neurological disease and the leading cause of mortality in the world, right after cardiovascular and malignant diseases. Cerebrovascular stroke is a focal neurological deficit caused by intracerebral hemorrhage. It is a condition that occurs due to a change in blood circulation in the brain and a very low supply of oxygen and nutrients to parts of the brain, which results in their damage and disruption of the functions that depend on them. There are two types of cerebrovascular stroke: ischemic - thrombosis and thromboembolism (85%) and hemorrhagic – intracerebral and subarachnoid bleeding (15%). The clinical picture can develop gradually or, the patient can suddenly fall into a coma. Absence of movements of the affected limbs predominates, always opposite to the side of the impact with an outburst of the facial nerve of the central type. Hemiplegia is a loss of the voluntary movements of one half of the body, caused by damage to the opposite brain hemisphere. The musculature is atonic, tendon reflexes are reduced or lost. The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of physical therapy and neurorehabilitation in patients with cerebrovascular brain stroke. Treatment of stroke: In the acute stage, physical therapy is aimed at preventing complications of the loco-motor apparatus (contractures, muscle and tendon retraction, heterotropic ossifications), the respiratory system (hypostatic pneumonia) and the skin (decubitus). This is achieved through treatment with position (frequent change of the position of the body in bed), passive exercises performed according to strictly defined rules, breathing exercises, exercises for healthy limbs and great care of the skin. The trophic changes of the skin are treated with ultraviolet radiation in suberythemic doses or with D’Arsonval currents. The research was conducted at the University of Southeast Europe - (Stul University) at the Faculty of Health Sciences in the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, over a period of 6 months, from the beginning of From the beginning of May - to the end of October 2023. The research included 27 stroke patients, of which 11 patients had a left-sided stroke, and the remaining 14 patients had a right-sided stroke. According to the gender structure, 12 patients are male and the remaining 15 patients are female. After completing the six-month treatment with physical therapy, kinesitherapy and the methods of Vojta and Carl and Bertha Bobat, the results show great progress in almost all parameters. A decrease in tonic primitive reflexes, neck and labyrinthine tonic reflexes, reduction of extensor hypertonia, improvement of motor-reflex activity, prop","PeriodicalId":446210,"journal":{"name":"MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":"795 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OPPORTUNITIES FOR TREATMENT WITH A TEMPORARY OBTURATOR MADE OF THERMOPLASTIC FOIL","authors":"I. Gerdzhikov","doi":"10.35120/medisij020451g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij020451g","url":null,"abstract":"Prosthetic treatment with a temporary obturator is an intermediate stage in the overall prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with maxillary resection. According to prevailing opinions, treatment with a temporary obturator should start around 2 weeks to 2-3 months after resection and to continue until the final completion of the healing processes in the defect. Due to the dynamic changes in the defect, this treatment stage is associated with many difficulties, requiring frequent correction of the obturator and up to 12-14 clinical visits on average. The aim of the research is to track the opportunity for fabrication of a temporary obturator of thermoplastic foil with vacuum forming apparatus and its efficiency for restoring speech and fluid intake in patients with maxillary resection. For the aim of the study we conducted a treatment of a 45-year-old patient operated a week ago for maxillary carcinoma. As a result, the left alveolar bone and a part of the hard palate with a diameter of 10 mm were resected, with teeth 13 to 23, 16 and 17 preserved. The defect was padded with gauze and an impression with an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material was taken. In the laboratory a grade 4 plaster working model was cast on which the borders of the palatal plate were outlined. For the frontal teeth, these were the cervical areas of the teeth, and for the distal - their equators. In the area of the defect and the missing teeth the border reached the transitional fold, and distally - the soft palate. The plate was made from foil of 1 mm diameter which was drawn onto the model with a vacuum forming apparatus and was cut along the indicated borders. The palatal plate - obturator successfully closed the comunication to the nasal cavity and restored the opportunity for fluid intake, which was the main problem for the patient. The use of a foil with a thickness of 1 mm provided stability and resistance of the construction. As a result of this, the necessary hermetic seal of the defect was achieved and the speech of the patient was normalised. The described treatment methodology with a temporary obturator allows the successful restoration of speech and fluid intake during the healing processes in the defect. The main advantages of the method are the fast and easy fabrication, the opportunity for multiple corrections and the short period of adaptation.","PeriodicalId":446210,"journal":{"name":"MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON THE POSSIBILITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR INCORPORATION ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS INTO RESIN COMPOSITE DENTAL MATERIALS – A NARRATIVE REVIEW","authors":"A. Dimkov","doi":"10.35120/medisij020439d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij020439d","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the high frequency of recurrent caries following composite resin restorative treatment, as well as the large number of cariogenic microorganisms present in the oral cavity, which represent a potential risk factor for the development of new carious lesions, the antimicrobial effects of composite resins are receiving increasing attention. Recently, attempts have been made to include specific antimicrobial compounds in restorative materials, mainly GJCs and composites, in addition to fluorides. Conventional composites’ lack of antibacterial qualities implies a lack of an inhibitory impact against plaque accumulation on their surface, allowing bacteria such as mutans streptococci to grow freely. As a result, the antibacterial properties of dental resin composites are crucial to their therapeutic applications. The present study demonstrates the methods and possibilities for incorporating antimicrobial chemicals, both leachable and non-leachable, into the resin matrix or filler of composite resins.","PeriodicalId":446210,"journal":{"name":"MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":"724 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONNECTION BETWEEN THROMBOCYTES VALUES AND ELEVATED D-DIMER AND LDH LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH Sars-Cov-2","authors":"P. Teneva, Ivelina Dobreva, K. Mollova","doi":"10.35120/medisij020417t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij020417t","url":null,"abstract":"СОVID-19 is an infеction caused by the new cоrоnavirus Sаrs-Cov-2. For thе specific treatment of patients, it is impоrtant to detеrmine thе sеverity of the disease with thе help of biomarkers when they are hospitalized. Many of them rеveal a range of chаnges in patients with COVID-19. Among the mоst commonly оbserved changes are decreased thrombocytes count, increased D-dimer and LDН values. The aim of the present study is to present the changes in Thrombocytes (Thr), Lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) and D-Dimer values in hospitalized patients with Sars-Cov-2 and the relationship between them. For our research, we took the values from the clinical laboratory results of 106 hospitalized patients for the treatment of Covid-19 in the “St. Ivan Rilski” town of Zagora. Patients were divided into two subgroups depending on the period of their hospitalization. In both groups, the laboratory values of LDH, Thre, D-Dimer on the first day of admission to the hospital are presented. In the two groups of patients studied by us, we found a positive correlation between thrombocytes values and LDH values at admission: r=0.234, p<0.05. A greater number of patients developed thrombocytopenia during hospitalization in Group II 26.53% (n=13). A number of authors have reported that in COVID-19, LDH correlates with disease severity and can be considered a major predictor of lung injury in these patients. Elevation of LDH was observed in over 96% of patients in both groups. Thrombocyte count monitoring during hospitalization is important in the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease. Thrombocytopenia, elevation of D-dimer, and the following cоmplications in pаtients with COVID-19 аrе among the most common laboratory findings requiring hospitalization.","PeriodicalId":446210,"journal":{"name":"MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROSTHETIC TREATMENT OF A PATIENT WITH RESECTION OF THE HARD PALATE WITH AN OBTURATOR WITH A SILICONE BASE","authors":"I. Gerdzhikov","doi":"10.35120/medisij020413g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij020413g","url":null,"abstract":"The most commonly used treatment method for maxillary resection patients is with an obturator, closing the communication between the oral and nasal cavity. Prosthetic methods and means with different types of materials are used for its fabrication. The purpose of the described clinical case is to track the opportunity for treatment of a patient with resection of the hard palate, with an obturator with a silicon base.The clinical case tracks the treatment of a patient with maxillary carcinoma. Preliminary alginate impressions were taken from the jaws. A custom tray with which a functional impression with a silicone material was taken, was fabricated for the mandible. The height and the central position of the mandible were determined with record bases with wax rims. The dentures were finished with heat cured resin. The upper denture was used as a custom tray for taking a functional impression of the prosthetic field with silicone cream material. After packing in the laboratory, the impression material was replaced with permanent soft relining material Molloplast B (Detax). The finished dentures were adjusted and articulated until bilaterally balanced occlusion was achieved. Treatment results showed good retention and stability of the prosthetic construction. Functional impression shaping and subsequent replacing with silicon material ensured a good and tight hermetic seal in the area of the defect. The use of permanent soft relining material allowed a trauma-free transmission of masticatory pressure and a stable connection with the plastic base of the obturator. The patient’s eating and speech as well as the fluid intake were successfully restored. The achieved results improved the quality of life of the patient and his self-esteem. Prosthetic treatment with an obturator with a silicon base provides good retention and stability of the prosthetic construction which allows successful restoration of the patient`s eating and speech.","PeriodicalId":446210,"journal":{"name":"MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":"635 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PATIENT TRANSFER FROM HEMODIALYSIS TO PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE","authors":"Vedad Herenda, D. Rebić, Senad Hasanspahić, Faris Kadić, A. Hamzić-Mehmedbašić","doi":"10.35120/medisij020407h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij020407h","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis are complementary ways of treating end-stage renal failure. Changing the dialysis modality from hemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis is a rare and poorly studied phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective cohort study conducted on the population of adult patients with end-stage chronic renal failure who were treated at the Nephrology Clinic of the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo in the period from 2006 to 2023. A total of 109 adult patients, whose medical documentation was complete and who were in the peritoneal dialysis program at the Nephrology Clinic of the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo during the observed period, were included in this study. One group started the treatment with peritoneal dialysis, and the other with hemodialysis. Demographic data were collected for each patient: age, gender, underlying kidney disease, comorbidities (heart disease and diabetes), duration of treatment modality, data on modality change, complications and treatment outcomes. Data from physical and electronic patient histories were used. RESULTS Total of 109 adult patients were included in this study. They are divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=99) in which peritoneal dialysis was the first treatment modality and Group 2 (n=10) in which haemodialysis was the first treatment modality, but in which patients, after a certain time, were transferred to peritoneal dialysis. The median age of patients in Group 1 was 60 (-/-14.07) years and 54 (-/+12.23) years for Group 2. Within Group 1 the most common cause of terminal renal failure was diabetic nephropathy (n=40, 40.4%) and nephroangiosclerosis (n=24, 24.24%). The mean age of onset of peritoneal dialysis was 60 (-/-14.07) years, while the mean age of cessation of peritoneal dialysis was 63 (±13.69) years. The average duration of peritoneal dialysis treatment was 38.36(±34.14) months. During the stay at peritoneal dialysis, death was recorded in 63 patients (62.38%). The number of patients who replaced peritoneal dialysis treatment with hemodialysis was 26. The most common reason for switching to haemodialysis was insufficiency of peritoneal dialysis (n=13, 14%). After switching to haemodialysis, the average length of staying on it was 10.22 months. The reason for discontinuation of haemodialysis was death (n=17, ) or transplantation (n=1, 3.7%). Kaplan-Meier test shown worse outcome in patients with haemodialyis first than peritoneal dialysis first. CONCLUSION Changing the dialysis modality carries with it a high risk of mortality, especially in the first month. Changing the way of active treatment with dialysis speaks in favor of severe comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":446210,"journal":{"name":"MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY FOR MUSCO-SKELETAL DISORDERS AND THE ROLE OF REMOTE PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS","authors":"Xhorxhina Alushaj","doi":"10.35120/medisij020445a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij020445a","url":null,"abstract":"For patients with musculoskeletal diseases, physiotherapy is a safe and efficient treatment option that can help them manage their symptoms and enhance their health. In primary care, physiotherapists aid in the diagnosis, cure, and manage of a broad spectrum of acute and chronic disorders, as well as promote physical exercise, mobility, and function. Physiotherapists in basic medical teams maximize patients’ mobility in accordance with their lifelong needs. This brief study emphasizes the significance of musculoskeletal disorders treatable with physiotherapy. Physiotherapy interventions, when delivered remotely through e-Health platforms, have gained prominence as accessible and effective tools for managing musculoskeletal conditions. These interventions provide patients with valuable resources for self-management, while greatly used to improve everyones quality of life. At the same time, helping to moderate the challenges that this load can create on healthcare systems. The use of telehealth in physiotherapy offers opportunities for personalized care, continuous monitoring, and the implementation of evidence-based interventions. The relevancy of this approach is mainly noticed when put in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where the need for remote healthcare delivery has become paramount. Telehealth allows patients to receive timely care and support while adhering to social distancing guidelines. The concept of adherence to eHealth technology in physiotherapy is crucial for ensuring the success of remote interventions. Understanding when and how patients engage with eHealth platforms can guide the development of more effective interventions. It is essential to explore factors that influence patient adherence to technology-driven physiotherapy interventions to optimize their benefits. As healthcare systems worldwide face increasing demands, the implementation of remote physiotherapeutic e-Health interventions can help alleviate the burden by offering scalable and cost-effective solutions. These interventions have the potential to reach a broader patient population and improve access to care for individuals with musculoskeletal disorders. The evaluation of the effectiveness of these remote interventions is essential to provide evidence-based guidance for their integration into clinical practice. By conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, researchers can contribute valuable insights into the outcomes and impact of telehealth-based physiotherapy on pain management and overall patient well-being.","PeriodicalId":446210,"journal":{"name":"MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE UTILITY OF HEALTHCARE SYSTEM BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Nikolay Nikolov, Natalia Shtereva-Nikolova","doi":"10.35120/medisij020455n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij020455n","url":null,"abstract":"According to the European Charter of Patients’ Rights, every person has the right to access health services in accordance with their health needs. The aim of this study is to analyze the utility of the healthcare service before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: An anonymous survey was conducted through a questionnaire in Google Forms among individuals over 20 years old (n=645), who were divided into several groups. Documentary, sociological and statistical methods were applied. Results: 58.4% of respondents reported that they maintained their GP visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. 43.3% of them had no obstacles to contact him/her by phone and 45.7% had no obstacles to visit him/her in person. Conclusion: The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has presented the health system with many challenges, one of which is the burden on all its levels. However, between patient and doctor there is an established relationship, adequate communication and mutual trust.","PeriodicalId":446210,"journal":{"name":"MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHRONIC VENOUS DISEASE AND THE APPEARANCE OF SUPERFICIAL THOMBOPHLEBITIS","authors":"M. Mireva, Milan Tsekov","doi":"10.35120/medisij020433m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij020433m","url":null,"abstract":"The most common complications of chronic venous disease are venous ulcers and superficial thrombophlebitis. The current study aimed to determine the incidence of superficial thrombophlebitis in patients with chronic venous disease and to follow frequency and cause of disease recurrence. In a nine years period, 495 patients were treated for superficial thrombophlebitis in the clinic of Vascular Surgery of Military Medical Academy and in the diagnostic-consultative office of vascular surgery. Of them 108 (22%) patients, were admitted for surgery. The goals of therapy for STP are to prevent the clot progressing into the deep venous system and to hasten the resolution of the inflammatory and thrombotic processes in areas already affected. The first option of treatment consists of perscription of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, venotonics and low molecular weight heparin. Only in cases when the thromboplebitis of the great or small saphenous vein cames closer the SFJ or SPJ, the surgery is necessary. The surgical techniques that are usually applied are crossectomy of the GSV, or SSV and less often thrombectomy of the EIV, phlebotomy, phlebocutaneoectomy. The other 387(78%) patients underwent conservative therapy with AINS, antiagregant or anticoagulant therapy. Patients with chronical venous insufficiency and varicose veins are more at risk for superficial thrombophlebitis appearance.","PeriodicalId":446210,"journal":{"name":"MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INSURANCE WITH SPECIALIST DOCTORS AND HEALTH CARE PECIALISTS IN REGIONAL CITIES WITH MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES IN BULGARIA","authors":"Rumyana Yaneva","doi":"10.35120/medisij020401y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij020401y","url":null,"abstract":"People are the most important resource for any organization, including healthcare. The analysis of the geographical distribution of human resources in the “Healthcare” sector in the Republic of Bulgaria shows that there are certain disproportions. The lack or insufficiency of specialists can lead to a deficit in the diagnostic-treatment-rehabilitation activity in certain medical specialties, or to non-use of certain available medical equipment. The purpose of the present study is to examine the number and relative share of doctors with a specialty and health care specialists, where they are most numerous - in the cities where there are medical universities in Bulgaria and their adjacent areas for 2021. The following methods were used to carry out the research: documentary method - based on official data from the National Statistical Institute, comparative analysis, economic analysis, mathematical-statistical method, tabular analysis. Based on the obtained results, it is clear that in Bulgaria the number of general practitioners is the highest - 3,945, and the number of “Infectious Diseases” specialists is the lowest. Per 10,000 people of the population, the highest share of doctors and medical specialists in health care is in Pleven district, 67.3 and 95.0, respectively, and the lowest in Varna district, respectively – 50.7 and 63.8. The number of doctors in Bulgaria is above the average for the European Union, but despite this there is a serious shortage of doctors in certain specialties, which had its impact on the treatment of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our country is one of the countries in the EU with the lowest provision of nurses. Their shortage is due to several factors, among them the emigration of trained nurses, the aging of the workforce - with the average age of this type of specialist being over 50, dissatisfaction with wages and working conditions. The human factor is a significant element in any healthcare organization at all levels. The provision and use of other types of resources depends on human resources. A higher supply of doctors implies a stronger health sector, and a higher supply of health care professionals, and above all nurses, is a guarantee of more economical and better health care.","PeriodicalId":446210,"journal":{"name":"MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}