Surgery Journal最新文献

{"title":"Mucocele of the Appendix: A Presentation.","authors":"Mahendra Pratap Singh,&nbsp;Tanweerul Huda","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mucocele of the appendix can be described as an obstructive dilatation of the appendix by an intraluminal accumulation of mucus. A 60-year-old diabetic male patient presented with chief complains of pain in right lower abdomen for the past 2 months which was dull in nature, not associated with fever, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or any urinary complains. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen revealed appendiceal lumen distended, filled with fluid collection. There was abrupt narrowing seen at its junction with cecum. Features were suggestive of appendicular mucocele. The patient was taken up for exploratory laparotomy, and a distended turgid appendix, around 4 cm in diameter with dilated cecum, was found. Ileocecal resection was done followed by ileo-ascending colon side-to-side anastomosis using staplers. The histopathological examination report revealed an R0 resection. The patient was followed up for 3 years postoperatively with CECT of the abdomen and a colonoscopy yearly. There was no evidence of any recurrence in the follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":44614,"journal":{"name":"Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e215-e218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33467012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medial Plica Syndrome of the Knee: Arthroscopic Plica Resection versus Structured Physiotherapy-A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Steffen Sauer,&nbsp;Gitte Karlsen,&nbsp;Lene Miller,&nbsp;Jens Ole Storm","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1756183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1756183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Medial plica syndrome is a commonly overlooked cause of anterior knee pain. A consensus on diagnosis and treatment is yet to be found. This study compares the clinical outcome of arthroscopic plica resection with structured physiotherapy for patients with isolated medial plica syndrome in a prospective randomized controlled trial with a 2-year follow-up. <b>Methods</b>  Forty-eight patients have been included in this prospective randomized controlled trial presenting medial plica syndrome. Patients were randomly assigned to either arthroscopic plica resection or structured physiotherapy. The primary outcome was the change in the average score of the Lysholm knee scoring scale from baseline to 2-year follow-up. <b>Results</b> Mean baseline Lysholm score for patients assigned to arthroscopic plica resection and physiotherapy was 65.8 and 66.3, respectively. No significant difference was seen between the two groups. Thirty-three patients were assessed at 2 years follow up. The mean Lysholm score was 89.7 for patients assigned to arthroscopic plica resection and 74.6 for patients assigned to structured physiotherapy. A statistically significant difference was seen between the two groups (p = 0.007). <b>Conclusions</b>  Arthroscopic plica resection was associated with significantly greater clinical improvement compared with physiotherapy at 2-year follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":44614,"journal":{"name":"Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e249-e256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33467011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on the Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Match.","authors":"Cees T Whisonant,&nbsp;Shawhin R K Shahriari,&nbsp;Casey McDonald,&nbsp;Tyler Hough,&nbsp;Amanda C Ederle,&nbsp;Gregory L Borah","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1755621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>  Matching into an orthopaedic surgery residency program presents a challenging accomplishment for applicants to achieve in any given year. Due to the profound changes to the application process caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic it was theorized that there would be a change in the number of graduates matching close to their home medical school region, state, and program. <b>Methods</b>  Orthopaedic surgery residency program Web sites and social media accounts were accessed to elucidate current resident data, including graduates' medical school, and geographical location of their school. Chi-square analysis was performed to identify trends in current residents matching within their home program, state, and region associated with the 2021 orthopaedic match. These numbers were compared with previous year's successful applicants. <b>Results</b>  In 2021, a significant 4.4% ( <i>p</i> =0.02) increase in successful matches within applicants' home states occurred (33.4% vs. 37.8%) and home programs ( <i>p</i> <0.001) when compared with previous years (21.2% vs. 27.4%). However, in 2021, there was no significant change in home region matching ( <i>p</i> =0.56) with 60% of successful matches occurring in home regions. This was statistically consistent with what was observed in previous years (61.4%). <b>Conclusion</b>  The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with restrictions in travel and interview options resulting in a significant increase in the number of orthopaedic applicants who matched into their home program, or at programs in their home state compared with previous years. Although no statistically significant regional change occurred during the 2021 match, it remains the leading predictor of where successful applicants will match. With many unknowns related to the upcoming match cycles it is important for applicants and programs to have a general idea of recent trends and outcomes to best focus their efforts, especially if diversity and minority inclusion are considered in highly competitive specialties like orthopaedic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":44614,"journal":{"name":"Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e257-e261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33467013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Carcinoma Receptor Expression in a Caribbean Population.","authors":"Michael J Ramdass,&nbsp;Joshua Gonzales,&nbsp;Dale Maharaj,&nbsp;Donald Simeon,&nbsp;Shaheeba Barrow","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1756632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1756632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trinidad and Tobago are islands in the Southern Caribbean with a unique mix of races within the population consisting of East Indian (EI) (37.6%), Afro-Caribbean (AC) (36.3%), mixed (24.2%), and Caucasian, Chinese, Lebanese, Syrian, Amerindian, and Spanish groups accounting for 1.9%. It makes it suitable for a comparison of breast carcinoma receptor expression within a fixed environment. This study included 257 women with an age range of 28 to 93 years (mean = 57.2, standard deviation = 15.0), peak age group of 51 to 60 consisting of 105 EI, 119 AC, and 33 mixed descent. Invasive ductal carcinoma accounted for 88%, invasive lobular 9.7%, and ductal carcinoma in situ 2.3%. The triple-negative rates were 24.8, 33.6, and 30.3% for EI, AC, and mixed races, respectively, with the Pearson's chi-square test revealing statistical significance for the AC versus EI ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001); AC versus mixed ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001); and EI versus mixed ( <i>p</i>  = 0.014) groups. The overall estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth receptor (HER) expression negative rates were 52, 64, and 79%, respectively. Chi-square test of the following combinations: ER +/PR +/HER + ; ER +/PR +/HER - ; ER -/PR -/HER + ; ER +/PR -/HER + ; ER +/PR -/HER - ; ER -/PR +/HER + ; ER -/PR +/HER- revealed no statistical differences ( <i>p</i>  = 0.689).</p>","PeriodicalId":44614,"journal":{"name":"Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e262-e265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33467010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unusual Cause of Biliary Peritonitis on the Background of Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Dimitrios Symeonidis,&nbsp;Efrosyni Bompou,&nbsp;Athina A Samara,&nbsp;Labrini Kissa,&nbsp;Konstantinos Tepetes","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1756284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1756284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>  Acute pancreatitis can cause a wide variety of local complications, sometimes pretty unusual. In the present report, we present a rather unusual cause of biliary peritonitis on the background of acute pancreatitis. <b>Case Presentation</b>  A 41-year-old female patient with biliary acute pancreatitis and concomitant choledocholithiasis required an urgent laparotomy due to signs of sepsis and peritoneal irritation after a trial of conservative management. During laparotomy, the diagnosis of biliary peritonitis was established. Surprisingly, a residual gallstone obstructing the common bile duct at the level of the ampulla was causing bile to reflux, through the common channel, into the main pancreatic duct and subsequently into a partially ruptured acute pancreatic necrotic collection. <b>Conclusion</b>  Dealing with the unexpected is a constant challenge for the surgical team dealing with acute pancreatitis patients. Although deferring surgical intervention during the course of acute pancreatitis, as much as possible, is the ideal strategy, this is not always possible. Deciding the treatment strategy based on the patients' clinical condition represents the most appropriate approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":44614,"journal":{"name":"Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e227-e231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9439879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40350376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transthoracic Migration of a Foreign Body into the Diaphragm from the Gunshot Injury and Its Management in a Child: A Case Report.","authors":"Klein Dantis,&nbsp;Pranay Suresh Mehsare,&nbsp;Subrata Kumar Singha,&nbsp;Nilesh Gupta","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1756198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1756198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intrapleural foreign bodies (FB) are rare and uncommon, while diaphragmatic FB secondary to gunshot injury in a child is still rarer. We now describe a 9-year-old male with a history of self-inflicted accidental air gun injury on the right side of the midline of the sternum with transthoracic migration of FB-lead bullet-measuring 1cm x1.4cm into the diaphragm managed initially with intercostal tube drainage for right hemopneumothorax at the different center underwent thoracoscopy followed by minithoracotomy and retrieval under C-arm guidance that has not been reported in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":44614,"journal":{"name":"Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e224-e226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9439876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40350375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Pain, Analgesic Choices, and Ileus: A Snapshot from a Teaching Hospital in a Developing Country.","authors":"Ameer Al-Jasim,&nbsp;Alaa A Aldujaili,&nbsp;Ghaith Al-Abbasi,&nbsp;Hasan Al-Abbasi,&nbsp;Saif Al-Sahee","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1755623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Pain relief can be achieved by diversity of methods with analgesics being the basic form of treatment. Analgesic safety and clinical effectiveness are the core factors in determining the analgesic of choice. One adverse effect of concern with opioids is the postoperative ileus (POI). <b>Objective</b>  In this study, we looked at the severity of postoperative pain, the type of analgesics used to control the pain, and the incidence of POI at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. We hypothesized that we would find an association between the type of analgesia used and POI. <b>Methods</b>  This observational study was conducted among 100 patients who were residents at the general surgery wards of Baghdad Teaching Hospital. A structured questionnaire was employed focusing on types of analgesics, degree of pain control, and the presence of ileus. <b>Results</b>  Sixty-nine percent of patients received a combination of opioids and nonopioids. Moderate-to-severe pain was the most commonly reported category on pain scales. More than half of the patients (57%) were found to have POI during their hospital stay and there was a statistically significant association between the type of analgesia and POI development ( <i>p</i> =0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>  A mix of analgesics (opioids and nonopioids) was the most common regimen at our center. The majority of the surgical inpatients reported having moderate-to-severe pain on both pain scales used in this study. Ileus incidence following abdominal surgeries (61%) was significantly higher than the reported incidence worldwide (10-30%). Postoperative ileus has multifactorial causes, one of which is the use of opioids for pain control. Considering the high incidence of ileus in our center and the association we found between the use of opioids and ileus, further studies should look at the doses of opioids used and whether alternative analgesic methods might result in less ileus.</p>","PeriodicalId":44614,"journal":{"name":"Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e232-e238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9439878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40350378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration of Distal End of VP Shunt into the Scrotum: A Management Review.","authors":"Mahmoud M Taha,&nbsp;Hassan A Almenshawy,&nbsp;Mohammad Ezzat,&nbsp;Mohamed Kh Elbadawy","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1756181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1756181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt is the typical and most common procedure for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Many complications have been associated with VP shunts, migration of the distal end of the VP tube into the scrotum is a rare one. We report the presentation and management of a case of 3 month age infant who had scrotal swelling primarily diagnosed as hydrocele. Investigations proved the presence of shunt migration. The possibility of shunt migration should be considered. Early diagnosis and management of such complications is easy and can prevent subsequent serious sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":44614,"journal":{"name":"Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e245-e248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9439880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40350379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Muscle Fibers with Histopathology in Doughnut Specimens Following Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy and Their Impacts on Postoperative Outcomes.","authors":"Chetty Y V Narayanaswamy,&nbsp;M R Sreevathsa,&nbsp;G Akhil Chowdari,&nbsp;Koteshwara Rao","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is widely practiced worldwide since its introduction to the world of proctology and replaced conventional hemorrhoidectomy in treating hemorrhoids. The technique of executing the procedure dictates the outcomes and complications. Here, we attempted to establish the cause of postoperative complications and attributed them to the presence of muscle of fibers in the excised doughnut specimens. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  A prospective observational analysis of histopathological specimens obtained from patients who underwent stapled hemorrhoidopexy using procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids-03 circular staplers in the department of surgery of a tertiary care hospital in southern India was performed, and the correlation between the presence or absence of muscle fibers in the specimens and postoperative complications was evaluated. The patients were followed up for 12 months after the procedure. <b>Results</b>  In this study, 155 patients, including 54, 91, and 10 patients with Grade 2, Grade 3, and Grade 4 hemorrhoids, respectively, were included. Group A consisted of 19 patients with muscle fibers on the specimens, whereas Group B consisted of 139 patients without muscle fibers on the specimens. Early complications within 7 days after the procedure were as follows: 21 and 0.7% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with postoperative pain with a visual analog scale score of more than 4; 47 and 6% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with urinary retention; 26 and 2% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with bleeding; and 21 and 2.9% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with fecal urgency. A significant association was found between the presence of muscle fibers and early complications ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001). Late complications, such as proctalgia and bleeding, accounting for 36.8 and 6.6% in Groups A and B, respectively, were significantly associated with the presence of muscle fibers in histopathology ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001). Meanwhile, other late complications, such as incontinence, stenosis, and recurrence, exhibited no association ( <i>p</i>  > 0.05). <b>Conclusion</b>  The technique in taking purse-string sutures and the depth of the suture bite above the dentate line carry the utmost importance in preventing postoperative complications. Therefore, surgeons should refine their technique of appropriate depth to avoid incorporation of muscle fibers while executing the procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":44614,"journal":{"name":"Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e199-e207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9402286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33443510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Surgeon Contracting COVID-19 while Operating on COVID-19-Positive Patient, Impact of Safety Measures: Lessons Learnt.","authors":"Mandar Koranne,&nbsp;Pratik D Patil,&nbsp;Suchin S Dhamnaskar","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1755619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755619","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introduction&lt;/b&gt;  On March 11, 2020, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic. General surgeons provide care to COVID-19 positive patients requiring emergency surgeries and hence are exposed to the virus. Surgery on COVID-19-positive patient itself is a major risk factor for surgeon to contract COVID-19 infection. Noticeably, there is no data regarding number of surgeons who have contracted COVID-19 after operating on COVID-19-positive patients. Hence, the aim of this study was to find out the exact incidence of COVID-19 among surgeons operating on COVID-19-positive patients and to analyze the impact of safety measures practiced by us. &lt;b&gt;Methodology&lt;/b&gt;  The study was conducted in a tertiary care center in Mumbai. It was a retrospective observational study with duration of 5 months from May 1, 2020, to September 30, 2020. Only those surgeons (faculty and resident doctors) were included who performed surgeries on COVID-19-positive patients (diagnosed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] test) and gave consent for participation. As an institutional protocol, all patients undergoing surgery were tested by RT-PCR test (irrespective of chest X-ray or symptoms). Nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 disease were collected prior to procedure but in some of these, results came after surgery. Still such patients were included in this study. Irrespective of COVID-19 status, same precautions were taken for all surgeries. The details of the patients like date of surgery, age, sex, surgery performed, duration of surgery, type of anesthesia used, and operating surgeon were noted from operation room (OR) register. Details of surgeons (faculty and resident doctors) who fulfilled inclusion criteria were noted by interview in terms of their demographic parameters, such as age, sex, designation, experience in years after completing postgraduation, comorbidities, whether they ever contracted COVID-19 (if yes, date), and safety measures practiced (yes, no, or cannot recollect). Patient was assumed to be the source only if the surgeon contracted COVID-19 within 14 days of surgery. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;  A total of 34 surgeons (7 faculty and 27 residents) conducted 41 surgeries on COVID-19-positive patients during the study period. All of them gave consent for participation in the study. More than one surgeon was involved in a particular surgery. Hence, there were 78 occasions (faculty during 16 occasions and resident doctors on 62 occasions) when surgeons were at risk to contract COVID-19 while operating on patients ( &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;  = 78). These surgeries had similar/comparable risk of COVID-19 exposure to surgeons and procedures with excessive exposure risk like airway procedures did not happen during the study period. The mean age of surgeon was 27.92 years ( &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;  = 78, standard deviation = 5.71) and median experience of faculty after completion of postgraduate degree was 7 years ( &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;  = 16, interquartile r","PeriodicalId":44614,"journal":{"name":"Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e192-e198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9395240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40637265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}