Journal of Chiropractic Education最新文献_第2页

Evaluating the test-retest reliability of the chiropractic professional identity embodiment scale. 脊医职业认同体现量表重测信度评价。

IF 0.6

Journal of Chiropractic Education Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.7899/JCE-25-25

Tanja T Glucina, Christian U Krägeloh, Kirsten Spencer, Kelly Holt

{"title":"Evaluating the test-retest reliability of the chiropractic professional identity embodiment scale.","authors":"Tanja T Glucina, Christian U Krägeloh, Kirsten Spencer, Kelly Holt","doi":"10.7899/JCE-25-25","DOIUrl":"10.7899/JCE-25-25","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study evaluated the test-retest reliability of the scores obtained from the Chiropractic Professional Identity Embodiment Scale (CPIES), a brief self-report tool assessing professional identity in chiropractors and students.Methods: Students were invited across all 4 year levels at a chiropractic college to complete an online survey featuring 15 CPIES statements rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The survey was administered twice, 4 weeks apart, with participants matched across time points using three sociodemographic identifiers. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with a 2-way mixed-effects model for absolute agreement.Results: Due to anonymous participation, the exact response rate could not be calculated; the estimated response rate was 24%. Of these respondents, 23 participants (35%) were matched across 2 time points. The CPIES sum score demonstrated good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97). Most items demonstrated moderate reliability across assessments.Conclusion: Data collected using the CPIES demonstrated good to excellent test-retest reliability, supporting its temporal stability. This provides further evidence to support use of the CPIES in research, education, and policy, when professional identity is increasingly recognized as a key competency.","PeriodicalId":44516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Education","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quality assessment of OSCE-style examinations in a chiropractic program: A follow-up report. 欧安组织风格考试在脊椎指压治疗项目中的质量评估：一份随访报告。

IF 0.6

Journal of Chiropractic Education Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.7899/JCE-25-24

Alice E Cade, Kirk D W Stevens, Imran Amjad, Marina Fox, Kelly Holt

{"title":"Quality assessment of OSCE-style examinations in a chiropractic program: A follow-up report.","authors":"Alice E Cade, Kirk D W Stevens, Imran Amjad, Marina Fox, Kelly Holt","doi":"10.7899/JCE-25-24","DOIUrl":"10.7899/JCE-25-24","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of 3 objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) administered at a chiropractic college in 2024. The focus was on applying postexamination quality assurance methods suitable for small cohorts to assess examiner consistency, scoring patterns, and how well the exams distinguished between different levels of student performance.Methods: Data were collected from 3 summative OSCEs: Clinic Entrance, Chiropractic Management, and Introduction to Chiropractic Practice. Borderline regression was used to calculate cut-scores. Additional QA metrics included number of failures, coefficient of determination (R2), intergrade discrimination, and between-group variation.Results: Cut-scores for most OSCE stations were above the standard 70% threshold, indicating generally strong student performance. The exception was the neurological station in the Clinic Entrance exam, which had a cut-score of 66.7% and a failure rate of 53.1 percent. R2 values ranged from 0.40-0.79, with several stations showing moderate to strong alignment between checklist scores and overall examiner judgments. Between-group variation ranged from 40.9-79.5, suggesting examiner consistency varied across stations. Intergrade discrimination was low overall, indicating limited discrimination between performance levels and some examiner inconsistency.Conclusion: Evidence-informed analysis of examinations is an important aspect of quality control in teaching. These findings suggest that OSCE quality is constrained more by examiner inconsistency and weak intergrade discrimination than by student performance per se. Targeted calibration of examiners and program-level redesign of station checklists and global rating scales are priorities for quality improvement.","PeriodicalId":44516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Education","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A needs assessment survey for improving library support for chiropractic faculty research. 一项改善图书馆对脊医学系研究支持的需求评估调查。

IF 0.6

Journal of Chiropractic Education Pub Date : 2026-06-26 DOI: 10.7899/JCE-26-2

Jennifer A Smith

{"title":"A needs assessment survey for improving library support for chiropractic faculty research.","authors":"Jennifer A Smith","doi":"10.7899/JCE-26-2","DOIUrl":"10.7899/JCE-26-2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the services and resources health sciences libraries and librarians can provide to support chiropractic faculty in conducting research and increase institutional research capacity.Methods: A one-time, anonymous, online survey was administered to a convenience sample of 120 faculty at a North American chiropractic college in December 2024. The 11-item questionnaire was adapted from prior research in academic health sciences libraries and included both quantitative and qualitative questions about respondents' research interests, experience, needs and library use. Descriptive data analysis was completed.Results: The survey was completed by 39 faculty (response rate = 32.5%). Seventy-four percent (n = 29) of respondents had sought research assistance from the library. The areas of greatest interest in library research support were literature searching (56%, n = 20), citation management (53%, n = 19), data analysis (53%, n = 19), research design (39%, n = 14), and journal selection (39%, n = 14). Fifty-six percent (n = 22) of respondents were interested in library research workshops, particularly asynchronous video training. Respondents reported the following research interests: educational research (62%, n = 24), case reports (46%, n = 18), clinical research (44%, n = 17), evidence synthesis (38%, n = 15), historical research (23%, n = 9), and other (5%, n = 2).Conclusion: Most respondents had sought research assistance from the library in the past, and more than half were interested in future research training from the library which suggests that the library supports research capacity building within the organization.","PeriodicalId":44516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Education","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and usability-testing of an asynchronous online course for concussion management: Pedagogical framework and early impact on clinician confidence. 脑震荡管理异步在线课程的设计和可用性测试：教学框架和对临床医生信心的早期影响。

IF 0.6

Journal of Chiropractic Education Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.7899/JCE-26-3

Joshua Plener, Gaelan P Connell, Carol Cancelliere, Scott Howitt

{"title":"Design and usability-testing of an asynchronous online course for concussion management: Pedagogical framework and early impact on clinician confidence.","authors":"Joshua Plener, Gaelan P Connell, Carol Cancelliere, Scott Howitt","doi":"10.7899/JCE-26-3","DOIUrl":"10.7899/JCE-26-3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the pedagogical framework and design of an asynchronous online concussion management course for clinicians and (2) report usability testing results.Methods: A multidisciplinary team developed an interactive, evidence-based course in Articulate Rise 360 software. Modern instructional strategies were incorporated, including chunking, quizzes, gaming elements, video demonstrations, and clinical vignettes. Content drew on current guidelines for adult and pediatric concussion and the 6th International Consensus on Concussion in Sport. Usability testing was conducted with a convenience sample of clinicians using an adapted System Usability Scale, Likert ratings for relevance and impact, and open-ended questions. The course was refined based on participant feedback.Results: Eight clinicians (3 physiotherapists, 3 chiropractors, 2 occupational therapists) from 3 Canadian regions completed usability testing. All participants (8/8) felt confident using and navigating the course, with 7/8 (87.5%) agreeing that its functions were well integrated. All participants reported improved confidence in adult concussion assessment and management, and 7/8 (87.5%) in adolescent concussion management. Although 7/8 (87.5%) felt confident assessing persistent symptoms, only 3/8 (37.5%) felt confident managing them. Qualitative feedback emphasized interactivity and convenience as strengths and suggested improvements to navigation and content scope.Conclusion: An asynchronous online concussion management course engaged clinicians and enhanced confidence in concussion assessment and management. Future research should evaluate its long-term impact on clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":44516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Education","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13339855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Work-life balance and mental and social well-being among chiropractic educators in Malaysia: A qualitative study. 工作与生活的平衡和心理和社会福祉的脊医教育者在马来西亚：一个定性研究。

IF 0.6

Journal of Chiropractic Education Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.7899/JCE-25-21

Yi Kai Wong, Samuel Min Qian Heu, Yu Hang Chua

{"title":"Work-life balance and mental and social well-being among chiropractic educators in Malaysia: A qualitative study.","authors":"Yi Kai Wong, Samuel Min Qian Heu, Yu Hang Chua","doi":"10.7899/JCE-25-21","DOIUrl":"10.7899/JCE-25-21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study explored chiropractic educators' perceptions of work-life balance and its perceived implications for mental and social well-being in Malaysia.Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using purposive sampling of full-time chiropractic educators with varied gender, academic experience, administrative responsibility, and clinical supervision load. Ten faculty members consented to participate and completed semistructured interviews conducted in person or by videoconference. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.Results: Seven themes were identified: blurred boundaries and overwork; role identity tension across educator, clinician, researcher, and student roles; collegial support as a buffer; community belonging, ranging from solidarity to estrangement; boundary negotiation and personal rules; cultural and interpersonal friction; and institutional friction tied to administrative intensification and leadership signals. These were organized into 4 domains: work-life balance, social well-being, mental well-being, and institutional support.Conclusion: Chiropractic educators in Malaysia described blurred work-life boundaries, competing role demands, and institutional and cultural factors that shaped their mental and social well-being. Experiences of collegial support and boundary negotiation varied across participants and influenced perceived capacity for recovery and social connection. Together, these findings highlight the interplay between individual practices and institutional contexts in shaping educator well-being.","PeriodicalId":44516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Education","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13339856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of Chiropractic Colleges Educational Conference and Research Agenda Conference 2026: Connected Care. 脊医学院协会2026年教育会议和研究议程会议：互联护理。

IF 0.6

Journal of Chiropractic Education Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.7899/JCE-26-6

引用次数: 0

Women's health and chiropractic: Educational audit and development of core competencies. 妇女保健和脊椎治疗：教育审计和核心能力的发展。

IF 0.6

Journal of Chiropractic Education Pub Date : 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.7899/JCE-25-7

Carol Ann Weis, Danica Brousseau, Chantal Doucet, Deborah Kopansky-Giles, Cecilia Bergström, Francesca Wuytack, Joyce Lee, Barbara Drake-Land, Nichelle Gurule, Katherine A Pohlman

{"title":"Women's health and chiropractic: Educational audit and development of core competencies.","authors":"Carol Ann Weis, Danica Brousseau, Chantal Doucet, Deborah Kopansky-Giles, Cecilia Bergström, Francesca Wuytack, Joyce Lee, Barbara Drake-Land, Nichelle Gurule, Katherine A Pohlman","doi":"10.7899/JCE-25-7","DOIUrl":"10.7899/JCE-25-7","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study reviewed women's health (WH) curricula at chiropractic colleges and developed core competencies for WH.Methods: Instructors of chiropractic colleges who taught WH-related course(s) were contacted to complete a survey that gathered pertinent material, including course objectives and targeted competencies. Survey results were used to develop an initial set of WH competencies. These were presented at an international conference workshop, with feedback from attendees who chose to participate. An e-Delphi panel was convened to finalize the core competencies, which required greater than 80% consensus for approval of each statement.Results: Based on surveys from 7 institutions and 13 courses, 11 individuals at the international conference workshop recommended 62 core competencies within 10 domains, which were subsequently evaluated by 42 Delphi panelists (DP). After one round, all competencies met consensus.Conclusion: The study provided insight into the WH curriculum offered at participating chiropractic colleges. This resulted in a set of 10 domains and 62 core competencies to inform curricula that may be used by chiropractic training programs to enhance future chiropractors' knowledge and skills around WH across the lifespan and for post-graduate courses to ensure that proficiency may continue to advance in practice. These competencies go beyond women's reproductive health to include less considered milestones throughout the lifespan, including that gender is a social determinant of health, and the biological impact of social conditions, such as age in this population.","PeriodicalId":44516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Education","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12983776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147445478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The assessment of second year chiropractic students' comfort and confidence modifying care for vulnerable patient groups: A cross-sectional survey. 整脊医二年级学生对弱势病人群体的舒适和信心调整护理的评估：一项横断面调查。

IF 0.6

Journal of Chiropractic Education Pub Date : 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.7899/JCE-25-9

Gregory J Snow, Dustin C Derby

{"title":"The assessment of second year chiropractic students' comfort and confidence modifying care for vulnerable patient groups: A cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Gregory J Snow, Dustin C Derby","doi":"10.7899/JCE-25-9","DOIUrl":"10.7899/JCE-25-9","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate chiropractic students' comfort and confidence levels in modifying care for vulnerable patient groups. A second aim is to present data on students' self-identification as belonging to one or more of these groups.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 117 second-year students enrolled in a Special Populations course was conducted. Respondents selected special population groups (SPG) to which they identified as belonging. They rated their comfort interacting with and confidence levels modifying care for each SPG on a 5-point scale. A general patient group (GPG), representing patients not belonging to any SPG, served as a benchmark. Responses were grouped into 3 categories: those lacking comfort or confidence, those unsure or neutral, and those with comfort or confidence.Results: Comfort and confidence levels were found to be higher for the GPG than the SPG average. Perceptions of a sociocultural vulnerable subgrouping were much closer to GPG than a physically vulnerable subgrouping. Students perceived themselves most comfortable and confident with ethnically, racially, and religiously diverse patient groups and least comfortable and confident with physically and mentally disabled groups. Thirty-seven percent of respondents identified as belonging to one or more SPG.Conclusion: Respondents perceived their comfort levels to be higher than their confidence levels. Ratings for sociocultural vulnerable groups were higher than physically vulnerable groups. Gaps between comfort and confidence were higher in the sociocultural subgroup than the physically vulnerable subgroup. A significant minority of students identified as belonging to one or more of the studied groups.","PeriodicalId":44516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Education","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12970944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147370149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frequency of patient-centered communication-related terminology in United States chiropractic curricula, chiropractic accreditation standards, and chiropractic national board content. 美国脊骨疗法课程、脊骨疗法认证标准和脊骨疗法国家委员会内容中以患者为中心的交流相关术语的频率。

IF 0.6

Journal of Chiropractic Education Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.7899/JCE-25-4

Aubrianna L Jones, Jordan A Gliedt, Patrick J Battaglia

{"title":"Frequency of patient-centered communication-related terminology in United States chiropractic curricula, chiropractic accreditation standards, and chiropractic national board content.","authors":"Aubrianna L Jones, Jordan A Gliedt, Patrick J Battaglia","doi":"10.7899/JCE-25-4","DOIUrl":"10.7899/JCE-25-4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of patient-centered communication (PCC)-related terminology in US doctor of chiropractic degree program (DCP) curricula, chiropractic accreditation standards, and chiropractic national boards testing content.Methods: Sixteen academic course catalogs, Council on Chiropractic Education accreditation standards, and National Board of Chiropractic Examiners test plans for parts I-IV were collected from November 2024 through December 2024. The documents were searched using terminology related to patient-centered communication. Context of each term, frequency of use, and percentage of related terminology relative to the overall curriculum at each respective DCP are described.Results: The frequency of PCC-related terminology ranged from 2% to 17% in DCP required coursework. A total of 47% of DCP's in this study had a frequency of 5% or less of PCC-related terminology included in their curriculum. The most recent DCP accreditation standards outline a total of 8 Council on Chiropractic Education meta-competencies, 4 of which included terminology related to PCC. PCC-related terminology was absent from the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners primary test categories, with 2 instances found in the secondary test categories.Conclusion: There is large variability in frequency of PCC-related terminology used in US DCP curricula. Council on Chiropractic Education accreditation standards include PCC-related terminology in half of their stated meta-competencies. PCC-related terminology has limited representation in the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners test plans. Further study is needed to understand the real-time PCC-related content exposure that occurs within chiropractic education.","PeriodicalId":44516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Education","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of burnout among chiropractic educators in Malaysia. 马来西亚脊骨按摩教育者的职业倦怠患病率。

IF 0.6

Journal of Chiropractic Education Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.7899/JCE-24-16

Yi Kai Wong, Kenn Yung Evan Chan, Leslie Ryan Raj

{"title":"Prevalence of burnout among chiropractic educators in Malaysia.","authors":"Yi Kai Wong, Kenn Yung Evan Chan, Leslie Ryan Raj","doi":"10.7899/JCE-24-16","DOIUrl":"10.7899/JCE-24-16","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Burnout among educators, particularly in high-stress environments like chiropractic education, is a significant issue with implications for both educators' well-being and educational outcomes. This study examines the prevalence and levels of burnout among chiropractic educators at a Malaysian institution, using dual classification methods to compare prevalence estimates.Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 15 chiropractic educators. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES), encompassing 3 subscales: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA). Burnout profiles were classified using the 2016 and 2018 MBI manuals. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, t tests, regression, and Fisher exact test.Results: Using the 2016 classification method, most respondents exhibited moderate levels of emotional exhaustion (73.3%) and depersonalization (73.3%), while most reported low levels of personal accomplishment (86.67%). In contrast, the 2018 classification method identified 33.3% of respondents as Engaged and 13.3% as experiencing Burnout. Multiple regression revealed moderate but nonsignificant associations between age, sex, and EE and DP scores. Fisher exact test found no significant associations between sex and burnout profiles or subscale categories. Overall, burnout prevalence was 0% based on the 2016 criteria and 13.3% using the 2018 method.Conclusion: This study underscores variability in burnout prevalence depending on classification method. While burnout affects a portion of chiropractic educators, findings highlight the importance of tailored interventions to address specific dimensions of burnout and promote well-being. Institutions should consider adopting flexible frameworks to capture burnout's complexities and mitigate its effects on academic environments.","PeriodicalId":44516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Education","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0