Early Medieval Europe最新文献

{"title":"A coin of Queen Fastrada and Charlemagne","authors":"Simon Coupland","doi":"10.1111/emed.12640","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12640","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A Carolingian coin has recently been acquired by the Centre Charlemagne in Aachen which represents an entirely unexpected and truly historic addition to our knowledge of the reign of Charlemagne, as it bears the name of his wife Fastrada. It is the first known example of a queen being named on a Carolingian coin, and because the coin type was only introduced in 793 and Fastrada died in August 794, it can be very precisely dated. Charles was almost certainly prompted to strike it by learning of pennies of Cynethryth minted by Offa in the late 780s. The coinage reflects both the affection in which Charlemagne held Fastrada and the power he was prepared to share with her.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 4","pages":"585-597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47394594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing clandestine communities: oaths of collective secrecy and conceptual boundaries in the late antique Mediterranean","authors":"Michael Wuk","doi":"10.1111/emed.12616","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12616","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores fourth‐ to seventh‐century narratives about oaths of collective secrecy, which our sources typically frame negatively. By examining the terminology used in reference to these promises, the dynamics inherent in the practice and its relationship to oath‐taking customs in other contexts, and the influence of Christianity on the discourses around such pledges, we can see that late antique authors routinely frame the swearing of these pacts as a transition to a liminal state of existence. Through this rhetoric, church and state authorities constructed conceptual boundaries between those who agreed and disagreed with their definitions of acceptable behaviours.","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 2","pages":"171-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46811883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spelling correctness as a witness of changing documentary culture in Tuscia (eighth–ninth centuries)","authors":"Timo Korkiakangas","doi":"10.1111/emed.12619","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12619","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper discusses the evolution of documentary culture in early medieval Tuscia by quantitatively examining the Latin spelling of charter scribes in relation to the following factors: time, the distinction between the formulaic and non-formulaic parts of the document, the scribe’s domicile, the scribe’s professional status, and the document type. The paper asks what the spelling of charters tells us about administrative and socio-cultural changes in charter production and in scribal education. The research data is 997 charters from the Late Latin Charter Treebank, and the approach that of philological corpus linguistics.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 2","pages":"220-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41458289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landholding in the Loire valley and the late Carolingian economy (c.840–c.1000)","authors":"Niall Ó Súilleabháin","doi":"10.1111/emed.12634","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>This article builds on recent work on the Carolingian economy by giving an overview of landholding patterns and associated economic activity in the Loire valley in the ninth and tenth centuries. It demonstrates that only individuals and institutions with access to patronage from the royal fisc possessed large, unified estates; the majority of land was held as small, fragmented farmsteads. Moreover, these small parcels of land changed hands on a regular basis through grants and leases, allowing investment, agricultural development, and social and material returns for their owners. The article suggests that these small-scale property transactions were the basis for growth and dynamism in the late Carolingian economy</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 2","pages":"274-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45955938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guthlac at Medeshamstede?","authors":"Paul Everson,&nbsp;David Stocker","doi":"10.1111/emed.12637","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12637","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes that the early monastery at Medeshamstede (later Peterborough) was the sponsor and supporter of the hermit saint, Guthlac, on the fenland island of Crowland. It locates that initiative in the early Benedictine practice in England. It is argued that Medeshamstede subsequently sustained the saint’s pre‐Viking cult, and is the best candidate for the location where Felix produced the saint’s Life. The potential impact of this proposition on received understandings of the relationships between the monasteries of Medeshamstede and Ely and the kingdoms of Mercia and East Anglia – played out through the local polity of the Gyrwe – is noted. Early stone sculpture at Fletton is interrogated as potential evidence for the cult of Guthlac at Medeshamstede but found wanting.","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 2","pages":"194-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45443813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-examining Hrabanus Maurus’ letter on incest and magic","authors":"Matthew B. Edholm","doi":"10.1111/emed.12624","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12624","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article offers a reanalysis of Hrabanus’ mid-ninth-century text <i>De magicis artibus</i>. Often read and studied as a complete work, the <i>De magicis artibus</i> is in fact one portion of a longer text that also discusses incest and marriage practices. Furthermore, the single surviving copy of the text is deliberately attached to another work by Hrabanus, his <i>Poenitentiale ad Otgarium</i>. This article argues that by examining the text in its entirety, as well as its manuscript context and edition history, Hrabanus’ whole work is better understood as one of pastoral care informed by the Old Testament.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 2","pages":"252-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41537468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review article: Small futures. sortilege, divination and prognostication in Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages","authors":"Carine van Rhijn","doi":"10.1111/emed.12620","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12620","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Prognostication in the Medieval World. A Handbook&lt;/b&gt;. Edited by Matthias Heiduk, Klaus Herbers and Hans-Christian Lehner. De Gruyter Reference. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. 2021. 2 volumes. 1027 pp. € 279.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mittelalterliche Rechtstexte und mantische Praktiken&lt;/b&gt;. Edited by Klaus Herbers and Hans-Christian Lehner. Beihefte zum Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 94. Vienna, Cologne and Weimar: Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht Verlage. 2021. 152 pp. €23.99.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Christian Divination in Late Antiquity&lt;/b&gt;. By Robert Wiśniewski. Social Worlds of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. 2020. 287 pp. €105.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;My Lots are in Thy Hands: Sortilege and its Practitioners in Late Antiquity&lt;/b&gt;. Edited by Anne-Marie Luijendijk and William E. Klingshirn. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World 188. Leiden and Boston: Brill. 2019. 392 pp. €129.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Emperors did it. Church Fathers did it. Educated monks, nuns and priests did it. Throughout the late antique and medieval periods, innumerable lay people from all walks of life did it. Even today, many people do it: they use texts and techniques, sometimes with the help of experts, to reveal what their personal future may hold. The many cultures of Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages agreed that the gods, God, Allah or other higher entities shared signs about the future with mankind, and that valuable information could be gained from these signs, with or without the help of specialists who knew how to observe and interpret them.\u00001 Such signs could take many shapes and forms: dice thrown or lots drawn with divine assistance provided answers, as did the age of the moon (that is: the number of days counted from the new moon), the signs of the zodiac or the direction from which the thunder was heard. Dreams, too, could indicate what was to come, but like all other signs of the future it mattered that they were observed and interpreted in the right way.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These four recent works about prognostication, divination and sortilege show how interest in such personal futures has a long and extremely rich history, and that the prognostic texts found in Latin manuscripts of the early Middle Ages are part of a much wider, global, phenomenon. For instance, prognostic texts in early medieval Latin manuscripts were mostly translated from the Greek, and often had parallels in a series of other languages such as Hebrew, Arabic, Syriac or Coptic.\u00002 Some of these texts had roots going back to the cuneiform cultures of Ancient Mesopotamia of the first millennium &lt;span&gt;bce&lt;/span&gt;, and were reused and re-invented time and again in new religious, political and cultural contexts.\u00003 Many Latin prognostic texts did not lose currency with the advent of the universities and had extremely long and uninterrupted lives. To mention just two remarkable examples: a brontology (thunder-prognostication) first attested in the Etruscan world was printed on candy wrappers in nineteenth-century Rus","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 2","pages":"297-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47846554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Languages of Early Medieval Charters: Latin, Germanic Vernaculars, and the Written Word. Edited by Robert Gallagher, Edward Roberts and Francesca Tinti. Brill’s Series on the Early Middle Ages 27. Leiden: Brill. 2021. xvi + 548 pp. €134. ISBN 978 90 04 42811 9.","authors":"Warren C. Brown","doi":"10.1111/emed.12635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 2","pages":"318-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50135034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Last Great War of Antiquity. By James Howard-Johnston. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2021. xix + 446 pp. + 9 maps + 32 figures. £35. ISBN 978 0 19 883019 1.","authors":"Nadine Viermann","doi":"10.1111/emed.12636","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12636","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 2","pages":"329-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46658179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Early Modern Invention of Late Antique Rome. By Nicola Denzey Lewis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2020. xviii + 426 pp. ISBN 978 1 108 47189 3.","authors":"Rosamond McKitterick","doi":"10.1111/emed.12639","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12639","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 2","pages":"310-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47419761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}