Early Medieval Europe最新文献

{"title":"Biblical exegesis at Wearmouth-Jarrow before Bede? The Hereford commentary on Matthew","authors":"Samuel Cardwell","doi":"10.1111/emed.12762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12762","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines a previously neglected fragment of an early medieval commentary on Matthew’s Gospel, the bifolium Hereford Cathedral Library, P. II. 10. I argue on palaeographical grounds that this fragment was produced in Bede’s monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow in the first decades of the eighth century, at roughly the same time as the production of the Codex Amiatinus. This leads into a study of the text itself, which is in fact a compilation of two quite different texts. Its second part is mostly based on a known early medieval commentary, one of the supposedly ‘Hiberno-Latin’ texts identified by Bernard Bischoff in the 1950s. Its first part, however, is unique to this fragment, has few clear analogues, and has never previously been studied. I consider the implications of this fragment – both as a codicological artefact and as a piece of biblical exegesis – for our understanding of Bede’s monastery at a crucial early point in its history. The article’s appendix includes an edited text and translation of the fragment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 2","pages":"183-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Per dynamin – per energian: Hrotsvit of Gandersheim’s knowledge of Greek","authors":"Graham Robert Johnson","doi":"10.1111/emed.12763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12763","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates Hrotsvit of Gandersheim’s knowledge of Greek. It proceeds from three questions. First, what resources for learning Greek were available in tenth-century Germany? Second, were there any figures in her ambit from whom she could have learned? (I suggest two: sisters Hadwig of Swabia and Gerberga II of Gandersheim.) And third, what evidence exists in Hrotsvit’s works that could indicate Greek competency? Taking her use of <i>dynamis</i> and <i>energia</i> as a test case, I conclude, based on the preponderance of the evidence, fundamental competence in Greek for Hrotsvit should be considered highly likely.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 2","pages":"220-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bishop Torhthelm’s letter to Boniface","authors":"Peter Darby","doi":"10.1111/emed.12764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12764","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In <i>c</i>.738, St Boniface distributed a circular letter to a broad audience of ecclesiastics in England. One response to that letter survives, written by Torhthelm, bishop of the Middle Angles (737–64). The letter is written in an allusive style and borrows heavily from its main source, Pope Vitalian’s letter to Oswiu, king of Northumbria. This essay offers a comprehensive study of Torhthelm’s letter and provides new insights into the culture of letter-writing in early medieval Mercia. The analysis also deepens our understanding of the relationship between that kingdom and the Continental mission during Æthelbald’s reign.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 2","pages":"244-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tractoriae and the logistics of Carolingian entourages","authors":"Eric J. Goldberg","doi":"10.1111/emed.12761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12761","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Entourages played a central role in Carolingian politics and military organization. Yet historians have neglected the important question of how kings and magnates supplied their retinues. This article investigates that topic by examining an overlooked genre of evidence: <i>tractoriae</i> or royal letters of requisition. Louis the Pious revived the use of these late Roman and Merovingian documents to authorize magnates to collect supplies for their followers and horses. The provisions enumerated in <i>tractoriae</i> give us rare insight into the composition and scale of ninth-century retinues and armies. Their disappearance during the reign of Charles the Bald was bound up with larger transformations of late Carolingian politics.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 2","pages":"158-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Donkey and the Boat: Reinterpreting the Mediterranean Economy, 950–1180. By Chris Wickham. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 2023. xl + 795 pp. £40/$55. ISBN 978 0 19 885648 1.","authors":"Jonathan P. Conant","doi":"10.1111/emed.12758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12758","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 2","pages":"303-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Companion to the Global Early Middle Ages. Edited by Erik Hermans. Arc Humanities Press Companions. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. 2020. x + 563 pp. €189. ISBN 978 1 942 40175 9.","authors":"Roy Flechner","doi":"10.1111/emed.12759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12759","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;There are at least three reasons why the present review is not typical for &lt;i&gt;Early Medieval Europe&lt;/i&gt;: the volume under review has relatively little to say about Europe (one chapter alone is devoted to it), it is not a work of original research but a synthesis, and having been published in 2020 it is not a very recent book. But there are good reasons for it to appear here nevertheless. Although this is a book about global history its contributors frequently place the global in conversation with regional histories. This approach offers helpful methodological lessons for Europeanists asking ‘what can the global do for me’? Likewise, the Europeanist who always wanted to know more about faraway places but was too afraid to ask will benefit from the synthetic orientation of the chapters with their up-to-date bibliographies. These are useful gateways for further research. But the book can be used also as a teaching resource, and the present review will assess it as such, based on two years of trial and error in the classroom (also my only legitimate excuse for the delay in completing the review). I am grateful to the brave students of University College Dublin who took HIS33010 ‘Global History in the First Millennium &lt;span&gt;ad&lt;/span&gt;’ and whose feedback informs the observations below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This multi-authored volume consists of nineteen chapters, fifteen of which concentrate on specific regions: from Africa and Eurasia with their geographical subdivisions (by Mark Horton, Kenneth Hall, John Whitmore, Michael Drompp, Khodadad Rezakhani, George Hatke, Sonja Magnavita, Jennifer Davies), through Oceania (Glenn Summerhayes) and Mesoamerica (Heather McKillop), to regions defined politically or ethnically like China (Tineke D'Haeseleer), Tibet (Lewis Doney), Japan (Ross Bender), Korea (Richard McBride II), and Byzantium (Michael Decker). Australia as well as South America and North America are excluded. The remaining four chapters are thematic, exploring staple themes of global history: trade (by Richard Smith), migration (Johannes Preiser-Kapeller), climate and disease (Peter Sarris), and intellectual connectivity (Erik Hermans). There is no concluding chapter to provide an overarching perspective or tease out common and comparable threads.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The introduction defines the book's chronological limits as extending roughly from the seventh to the ninth centuries. It acknowledges however that not all places included in the book display the same patterns of political, social, and economic changes, nor were they all interconnected in a way that would uphold a self-evident or an unproblematic periodization. But the book's strength lies neither in establishing a secure rationale for periodization nor in putting forward a compelling case for global connectivity (it admits also weak forms of connectivity and this is fine). Rather, &lt;i&gt;A Companion to the Global Early Middle Ages&lt;/i&gt; is at its most engaging on a chapter-by-chapter basis, allowing readers to creat","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 2","pages":"297-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monasticism in Ireland, ad 900–1250. By Edel Bhreathnach. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2024. xx + 450 pp. €50. ISBN 9781801511179.","authors":"Clare Downham","doi":"10.1111/emed.12760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12760","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 2","pages":"300-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le mariage des prêtres, une hérésie? Genèse du nicolaïsme (Ier–XIe siècle). By Isabelle Rosé. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. 2023. 409 pp. €28. ISBN 978 2 13 085326 8.","authors":"Fiona J. Griffiths","doi":"10.1111/emed.12756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12756","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 2","pages":"291-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Théodulf d’Orléans (vers 760–821): Histoire et mémoire d’un évêque carolingien. By Claire Tignolet. Collection Haut Moyen Âge 46. Turnhout: Brepols. 2023. 291 pp. + 3 colour figures and 4 b/w tables. €80. ISBN 978 2 503 60158 8.","authors":"Graeme Ward","doi":"10.1111/emed.12757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 2","pages":"294-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ordo renascendi est crescere posse malis (Rutilius Namatianus I.140): the sack of Rome and the resilience of western Roman aristocracies","authors":"Sophie Kultzen","doi":"10.1111/emed.12755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12755","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rutilius Namatianus’ poem <i>De reditu suo</i> was written a few years after the devastation of Rome in 410. It has been read as nostalgia for Rome’s past greatness written in a climate of senatorial escapism. This article revises this reading, instead analysing the poem as the literary expression of resilience on the part of the traditional western aristocracies. The collective strategy of conservative western Roman elites was to face the crisis by rebuilding the <i>beatitudo temporum</i> of urban structures and consolidating the ideology of the <i>Urbs aeterna</i>. By contrast, the increasing importance of ascetic movements can be seen as an alternative coping strategy adopted by the Christian aristocracy, overcoming the trauma of 410 through religious renewal.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 2","pages":"139-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}