{"title":"OECD Statistical Yearbook on African Central Government Debt: Summary and Overview","authors":"H. Blommestein, P. Flores","doi":"10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW0GTNN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW0GTNN","url":null,"abstract":"The borrowing requirements of African governments in financing their budget deficits are increasingly met by selling marketable instruments but also by the issuance of non-marketable debt in the form of bi-lateral, multilateral and concessional loans. The second edition of the OECD Statistical Yearbook on African Central Government Debt provides comprehensive quantitative information on African central government debt instruments, including both marketable and non-marketable debt. Individual country data are presented in a comprehensive standard framework to facilitate cross-country comparison.","PeriodicalId":444795,"journal":{"name":"Oecd Journal: Financial Market Trends","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121562125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to Foster Investments in Long-Term Assets such as Infrastructure","authors":"Thierry Déau","doi":"10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW0ZG9R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW0ZG9R","url":null,"abstract":"Mobilising private sector funding is essential in bridging the infrastructure funding gap. This can be done by appropriate regulation, targeted public financial support, and active involvement by institutional investors. Creating an appropriate policy framework and lifting regulatory constraints on long-term investments will foster financial stability of retirement savings systems and enable the development of strategic infrastructure projects that contribute to long-term growth. As capital markets and bank funding have dried up as sources of infrastructure financing after the global financial crisis, finding alternative long-term debt sources is critical. Private infrastructure financing can be promoted by targeted public measures and by building an infrastructure management culture amongst asset managers. Infrastructure investments also require long-term policy planning, with long-term strategic policy frameworks that exceed political cycles and are built on wide political consensus. Stable and accessible programmes of infrastructure projects and public-private partnerships (PPPs) are key in attracting private sector investors, complemented by adequate regulation.","PeriodicalId":444795,"journal":{"name":"Oecd Journal: Financial Market Trends","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126254557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infrastructure Needs and Pension Investments: Creating the Perfect Match","authors":"Frederic Ottesen","doi":"10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW1LM0S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW1LM0S","url":null,"abstract":"The life insurance and pensions sector manages large funds with a truly long time horizon. These investors therefore naturally seek long-dated assets to match their liabilities. Real assets or real cash flows are preferred in order to hedge against inflation, which is particularly relevant for pension funds in order to assure a decent purchasing power for their clients’ retirement income. Many countries have the daunting tasks of refurbishing and expanding infrastructure, maintaining and expanding public real estate – and doing this in an environmentally friendly manner. Well-conceived infrastructure investments promote productivity and efficiency in both the public and private sector and foster economic – potentially also “green” – growth. Large amounts of capital are needed. Many nations cannot tap the private capital markets as easily as before. Infrastructure investments could be the “perfect match” for a portion of pension savings. Therefore, the link between the capital at hand and its accessibility for infrastructure investments needs to be improved, via regulation, co-operation and communication that foster public-private partnerships, as well as government leadership.","PeriodicalId":444795,"journal":{"name":"Oecd Journal: Financial Market Trends","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126263386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Contribution of the Asset Management Industry to Long-term Growth","authors":"G. Costanzo","doi":"10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW1N6F7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW1N6F7","url":null,"abstract":"The global asset management industry was severely hit by the worldwide financial crisis, but has recovered well from the crisis. The resiliency of the asset management industry can be explained by a more diversified industry and investors turning to greater diversification in asset classes. The asset management industry is a vital source of economic growth as intermediary in the savings-investment channel. The industry is also one of the most important providers of liquidity needed to ensure smooth functioning of capital markets and provides the means for its clients to diversify their portfolios and achieve their investment goals. Asset managers should act as the ‘stewards’ of their clients’ interest. But less ‘sticky’ liabilities tend to create short-termism of asset managers. A sound governance framework, more transparency, better communication with clients and better management of their expectations may be needed to overcome this problem. But clients themselves, at the institutional as well as retail level, will also have to adopt a more long-term view to appropriately evaluate the risk and returns of their portfolios. Vehicles for longterm retail investment need to be developed and support by fiscal and other incentives may be considered.","PeriodicalId":444795,"journal":{"name":"Oecd Journal: Financial Market Trends","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121926631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financial Stability, Fiscal Consolidation and Long-Term Investment after the Crisis","authors":"Franco Bassanini, E. Reviglio","doi":"10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW1VBJL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW1VBJL","url":null,"abstract":"In the future there will be a global growing demand for long-term investment, both in mature and in emerging countries, to finance infrastructure, innovation, education, growth, environmental programs. Mature economies will also need to increase their share of long-term investment to exit from the recent crisis, to reinforce their growth rates and global competitiveness and to ensure public debt sustainability. Given the need to enlarge the amount of long-term financing worldwide, policy makers should create a prudential and accounting framework that encourages long-term investment with positive effects for growth and financial market stability. The paper then discusses regulatory issues related to the introduction of a new international and/or European regulatory framework that is more favourable or less penalising for long-term investment, and issues related to the creation of new euro denominated financial instruments for financing infrastructure (long-term equity funds, project bonds and guarantee schemes) and for strengthening stability in EU sovereign bond markets (Eurobonds).","PeriodicalId":444795,"journal":{"name":"Oecd Journal: Financial Market Trends","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131653404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promoting Longer-Term Investment by Institutional Investors: Selected Issues and Policies","authors":"Raffaele Della Croce, F. Stewart, Juan Yermo","doi":"10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55B0Z1KTB","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55B0Z1KTB","url":null,"abstract":"Institutional investors in OECD countries held over USD 65 trillion in assets at the end of 2009, and they are growing fast in emerging economies where Sovereign Wealth Funds still predominate as source of long-term capital. Concerns about short-termism and corporate governance have led to calls for more “responsible” and longer-term investment, especially by institutional investors that manage retirement savings. Long-term investors could provide benefits by acting counter-cyclically, engaging as active shareholders, considering environmental and other longer-term risks and by financing long-term, productive activities that support sustainable growth. This requires transformational change in investor behavior, i.e. a new “investment culture”, and various major policy initiatives. This article has been designed to stimulate discussion on the benefits of long-term investing for growth, sustainable development and financial stability, and regulatory and other barriers that impede such investment. Drawing on existing OECD work and guidelines, it also puts forward tentative policy proposals to encourage long-term investing, thus preparing the ground for further analysis and data collection to be undertaken by the OECD in this area.","PeriodicalId":444795,"journal":{"name":"Oecd Journal: Financial Market Trends","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123223039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financing Future Growth: The Need for Financial Innovations","authors":"Z. Bodie, M. Brière","doi":"10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW0V76F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW0V76F","url":null,"abstract":"Attracting long-term investors from the private sector or in public-private partnerships for stable long-term investment in the innovative sectors and industries needed to generate sustained growth is crucial. Long-term investors want assets that generate regular cash flows, often linked to inflation. While equities seem today less appropriate for long-term investors’ needs, particularly in the context of the recent regulatory changes, inflation-linked bonds, very-long dated conventional bonds, project bonds or specific derivatives better meet their requirements. It seems highly likely that the expansion and increasing regulation of long-term investors in both developed and emerging countries will trigger the development of new financial instruments compatible with long-term investment. While long-term investors are the natural sources of growth financing, they are not necessarily capable of assuming all the associated risks. Establishing and/or developing national or supranational institutions that can partly assume or at least structure some of these risks and thus offer end-investors the products they need is therefore essential. Strict regulation of the new markets arising from this process will also be vital.","PeriodicalId":444795,"journal":{"name":"Oecd Journal: Financial Market Trends","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123768499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guarantee Arrangements for Financial Promises","authors":"Sebastian Schich, Byoung-Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW0NKF5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW0NKF5","url":null,"abstract":"Guarantees have become the preferred instrument to address many financial policy objectives. The incidence of financial sector guarantee arrangements that address specific policy objectives, such as supporting financial stability, protecting consumers and influencing credit allocations, has increased markedly over the past decades and additional schemes are under consideration. This report identifies considerations regarding consistency and affordability that policymakers should take into account before introducing additional guarantee arrangements. One of them is that the safety net cannot be expanded without limits. In fact, as regards the strength of the net of government-supported guarantees for financial promises, the wider that net is cast (without altering its other key parameters), the thinner it becomes.","PeriodicalId":444795,"journal":{"name":"Oecd Journal: Financial Market Trends","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121398437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creating a Better Business Environment for Financing Business, Innovation and Green Growth","authors":"R. Pelly, Helmut Krämer-Eis","doi":"10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW0X7XX","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW0X7XX","url":null,"abstract":"Modern economies are increasingly reliant on innovation to improve their competitiveness and generate growth. However, the financing of innovation in Europe exhibits weaknesses that have been exacerbated by the recent economic and financial crisis, and which could have a material adverse impact on economic growth if left unchecked. This paper explains the European Investment Bank Group’s role in creating a better environment for financing business, innovation and green growth. It briefly presents to the reader the current challenges, both in relation to the availability of equity financing for earlier-stage business, innovation and green growth, but also the stark evidence of a continuing gap in bank lending. Moreover, it provides examples of ways that the financing of innovation can be improved against the backdrop of a flexible, business-oriented EU framework.","PeriodicalId":444795,"journal":{"name":"Oecd Journal: Financial Market Trends","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125224350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fostering Long-term Investment and Economic Growth: A Long-term Investor's View","authors":"Olivier Mareuse","doi":"10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW1R6R6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/FMT-2011-5KG55QW1R6R6","url":null,"abstract":"Active long-term investors are needed for well-functioning financial markets. Long-term investors are also essential for economic growth, as they finance infrastructure and are more likely to become engaged as active shareholders. Since long-term investments are likely to provide higher returns for pensions and long-term savings, they should be able to attract capital from pensions and other long-term savings funds, which are ample due to high savings rates in Europe. But long-term investment should also be encouraged via the regulatory framework and through fiscal incentives. Furthermore, the development of innovative financial instruments will be necessary to foster long-term investment. Finally, co-operation among long-term investors should also help to develop a new “investment culture”.","PeriodicalId":444795,"journal":{"name":"Oecd Journal: Financial Market Trends","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134536200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}