{"title":"Nordic Design Cultures in Transformation, 1960–1980: Revolt and Resilience","authors":"Mark Ian Jones","doi":"10.5406/21638195.95.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21638195.95.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"Since the turn of the millennium, design historians have sought to move beyond the myths and stereotypes of 1950s “Scandinavian Design” and reveal what took place in the decades that followed. Scandinavian Design beyond the Myth (Halén and Wickman 2003) kicked off a re-evaluation in 2003, and subsequent scholarship has taken a more critical position on the hegemony of Scandinavian “good taste” and uncovered little-known and alternative histories. This scholarship includes those marginalized designers who simply didn't fit the overarching narrative constructed by the Nordic design associations. Norwegian design historian Kjetil Fallan's previous anthology, Scandinavian Design: Alternative Histories (Fallan 2012) revealed lesser-known design histories, and in Nordic Design Cultures in Transformation, 1960–1980, he is joined by co-editors Christina Zetterlund from Sweden and Anders Munch from Denmark for this excellent and timely anthology. Together, they have brought together an impressive group of scholars from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, covering a wide range of previously uncharted design histories with contemporary relevance.Nordic design is better-known to most of the world as “Scandinavian Design,” a stylistic category of objects primarily for the home that was successfully created through discourse in the 1950s. Its associated myths have obscured developments in the Nordic region ever since. Perhaps this is, as the editors state in their introduction, largely due to an emphasis on mid-century exhibitions, objects, and individuals that permeates most discourse. Indeed, a revolution had begun in the late 1950s. In 1958, the American journal Crafts Horizons first proclaimed this revolution, stemming from the dissatisfaction of young designers with the limited boundaries of “Scandinavian Design” (Brown 1958). There have been previous studies, referenced by the authors in their introduction, that speak to the aims of this volume; however, they have largely been published in Nordic languages. Therefore, it is heartening to see increased attention to the revolutionary period that followed in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly as an Open Source work in English. Globally, these decades represent a period of transformation in design with the rise of environmentalism and various rights movements, yet how this played out in the Nordic countries has remained unexplained until now. Nordic Design Cultures in Transformation asks the overarching question of “How do we move beyond the traditional narrative of ‘Scandinavian Design’”? The authors do so through the lens of discourses, institutions, and practices in its aftermath, where they claim that “the roots of the most prominent features of Nordic design's contemporary significance” (p. 1) are to be found. For the casual reader, that there was an aftermath is a revelation, and given the recent popular interest in Scandi-this and Hygge-that, this volume provides an illum","PeriodicalId":44446,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A History of Danish Cinema","authors":"Björn Nordfjörd","doi":"10.5406/21638195.95.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21638195.95.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Without a doubt, Danish cinema has been one of the hot spots of twenty-first-century world cinema. Turning the success of Dogme 95 into a springboard, so many Danish filmmakers have experienced remarkable international success—and an unparalleled one, considering the small size of the country. The success of Danish cinema is evident at the domestic box office, the international film festival circuit, and even Hollywood. And by Hollywood, I don't mean only the Academy Awards, where Danish films have received seven nominations for best foreign film this century and won twice, but also in the making of English-language films competing in the Hollywood market. This newfound interest has been given some historical weight with the continued interest in celebrated auteur Carl Theodor Dreyer.Not surprisingly, this success has been accompanied by plenty of academic interest and some solid scholarly publications. In English, we have seen numerous books on the Dogme phenomenon and even monographs on specific Dogme films. Many auteur studies have seen the light of day with scholarship on Lars von Trier constituting a field all its own. Other scholars have taken a broader view but still confined their reach to New Danish Cinema. Television has not been left out of the equation, and much work has been done on the comparable global success of Danish television. But what we have not had until now is a work that presents itself as A History of Danish Cinema overall.As the editors C. Claire Thomson, Isak Thorsen, and Pei-Sze Chow freely admit in their introduction, such an enterprise is fraught with challenges and difficult decisions. Do you aim for a broad overview or close analyses of specific issues? Do you summarize previous research or privilege new findings? Do you focus on the films themselves or their institutional context? Instead of favoring a single approach, the editors have tried to find a balance between multiple, and not necessarily always reciprocal, goals. Indeed, despite the book's title emphasizing a single history (albeit with an indefinite rather than a definite article), the editors refer to its many chapters as so many histories in the plural. And as with any other important decision, something is won but also lost by this particular approach: “The richness of perspective that is gained from an anthology of critical voices also sacrifices the cohesiveness of a monograph” (p. 6). While there is truth in their forthrightness here—readers should not expect a straightforward overview of Danish cinema from the volume—the editors have nonetheless aimed for a certain cohesiveness. For starters, the entries are arranged in a chronological order, or as much as possible, as their time span can vary quite a bit, and are furthermore split into four different parts defined by historical time period. The editors and authors have also provided a plethora of cross-references to assist readers in linking different chapters together.Most importantly, they hav","PeriodicalId":44446,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human Rights and Oppressed Peoples: Collected Essays and Speeches","authors":"Marianne Stecher-Hansen","doi":"10.5406/21638195.95.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21638195.95.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44446,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45897552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Þistil, mistil, kistil: Plants of Death, Rebirth, and Magic in Medieval Scandinavian Runic Inscriptions","authors":"Lara E. C. Harris","doi":"10.5406/21638195.95.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21638195.95.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The þistil mistil kistil inscription and its variants is one of the most cryptic magic runic inscriptions in the Old Norse corpus.1 Despite its having been researched by various scholars, its meaning, uses, and purposes are still largely unknown. In its original form, as illustrated on the Gørlev stone, the first two words that figure are the popular plants “thistle” (Þistil) and “mistletoe” (mistilteinn). Plantrelated formulas are not uncommon in the runic corpus, such as lina laukar alu (“flax/linen, leek, ale”)2 found in the Fløksand knife (Spurkland 2005, 46; MacLeod and Mees 2006, 103) and were believed to have magic properties and aid in childbirth (MacLeod and Mees 2006, 102; Heizmann 1992, 374–6). This theory has been put forward because leeks and linen are known to have been used as ingredients to heal and revive in Old Norse and AngloSaxon records.3","PeriodicalId":44446,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41380632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nizarorustu: A Textual Analysis of the Battle of Niså","authors":"J. R. Neal","doi":"10.5406/21638195.95.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21638195.95.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"In a night of brutal carnage on the choppy, windswept waves of the Kattegat off the coast of modernday Sweden, two great Viking navies lashed their ships together and crashed into each other in a winnertakeall bloodbath. Fought on August 9, 1062, at the mouth of the River Niså in Halland, north of Skåne, the Battle of Niså was the culmination of 15 years of warfare between King Haraldr Sigurðarson1","PeriodicalId":44446,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49630735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saxo Grammaticus’s Account of the Viking Age Site on the Danish Island of Hjarnø in Gesta Danorum","authors":"E. Sebo, M. Firth","doi":"10.5406/21638195.95.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21638195.95.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The Kalvestene (calf stones) are a collection of ship settings,1 dated by cremated grave goods to the seventh to tenth century (Broholm 1937, 16–22), on the southern coast of the small island of Hjarnø, off the eastern coast of Jutland (fig. 1). This site is associated with a legend, first recorded in the twelfth century by Saxo Grammaticus in his Gesta Danorum, concerning a legendary king, Hiarni, his rise and fall, and how he came to be buried on the island and the monuments built to commemorate him. From an archaeological point of view, the legend has been problematic. As Jörn Staecker notes, sites associated with legends are especially vulnerable to misinterpretation, since the story tends to frame archaeological perceptions (2005, 3–28).2 Certainly, the account of the site by the antiquarian Ole Worm in 1650 shows clear signs of being influenced by the legend, and the same is true of all","PeriodicalId":44446,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42370863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sámi Literature in Norwegian Language Arts Textbooks","authors":"Jonas Bakken","doi":"10.5406/21638195.95.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21638195.95.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44446,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41527881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Icelandic Is French Law? A Few Remarks about the Discovery and Usage of Icelandic Antiquities in French Legal Historiography during the Nineteenth Century","authors":"Gilduin Davy","doi":"10.5406/21638195.95.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21638195.95.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"In Chateaubriand’s Voyage en Amérique et en Italie, we read: “In Gothic languages, Scandinavia was called Mannaheim, which means ‘country of men,’” and what the Latin of the sixth century has translated with vigor by these words: “the factory of the human race.”2 This extract, as an echo of Jordanes’s vagina nationum, demonstrates the growing interest for Scandinavia in French intellectual life during the nineteenth century, and especially for Iceland, described by Chateaubriand as “the Norse historical archive.” Just as MacPherson’s Ossian had at the end of the preceding century, the discovery of Ari Thorgilsson or Snorri Sturluson (“the Herodote of the North” for Chateaubriand) further opened a new field of research for French scholars. In fact, this field had been opened up from at least the middle of the eighteenth century, when Montesquieu fantasized about a mythicized North as a homeland of freedom (in opposition to the South) and saw it not only as factory of mankind but as the “factory of instruments that","PeriodicalId":44446,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43737285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}