Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Combining Adapted Physical and Artistic Activities on Feeling of Loneliness and Aggression in the Elderly Living in Nursing Homes","authors":"M. Shaygan, F. Hosseini, Akram Bustani, Noorullah Zahedian Nasab","doi":"10.32598/sija.2022.3284.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.2022.3284.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Feeling of loneliness and aggression are common problems in the elderly living in nursing homes that can have serious psychological and physical consequences for them. Due to the growing number of the elderly population, it is essential to use practical strategies for reducing their isolation and aggression. This study aims to assess the effect of combining adapted physical and artistic activities on feeling of loneliness and aggression in the elderly living in nursing homes. Methods & Materials In this quasi-experimental study, 68 older residents of a nursing home in Shiraz, Iran with feeling of loneliness and aggression and without acute psychological and physical problems participated, who were selected using a convenience sampling method and then assigned into two groups of control and intervention by block randomization method. The control group received routine care, while the intervention group participated in 16 sessions of adapted physical and artistic activities. Data were collected using the UCLA Loneliness Scale and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire before and immediately after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive (Mean±SD, and frequency) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test) in SPSS software, version 22. Results The participants’ mean age was 70.93±7.99 years in total, and 69.1% were women. The scores of loneliness and aggression significantly reduced after the intervention in the intervention group (P<0.001). The scores of loneliness (P<0.001) and aggression (P=0.001) in the intervention group were significantly lower than in the control group. Conclusion Feeling of loneliness and the level of aggression in the elderly living in nursing homes can be reduced significantly by combining adapted physical and artistic activities. This practical and cost-effective intervention can be used to reduce feeling of loneliness and aggression in the elderly living in nursing homes.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86321606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitating and Inhibiting Factors of Social Participation in the Elderly Based on Health-promoting Behaviors: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Mina Sharafi, Mohammad Mehdi Fadakar Davarani, Hamidreza Tohidi Nik, Arash Farvahari, V. Borhaninejad","doi":"10.32598/sija.2022.1116.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.2022.1116.7","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Social participation is a determining factor for promoting health and well-being. This study aims to investigate the factors facilitating and inhibiting the social participation of the elderly in Kerman, Iran based on their health-promoting behaviors. Methods & Materials This cross-sectional study was conducted on 276 elderly people over 60 years old in Kerman city in 2020. They completed a demographic from, the questionnaire of social participation based on the Canadian Community Health Survey, and the questionnaire of health- promoting behaviors. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests including univariate and multivariate regression were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The Mean±SD score of social participation was 6.71±4.01. Illness and health problems (50.3%), costs (39.1%), commuting problems (31.1%), low mood (29.3%), and COVID-19 pandemic (28.2%) were the most common barriers to social participation. The elderly who were single (P<0.001), younger (P<0.001), with academic degree (P<0.001), and low number of children (P<0.001) had significantly higher social participation. Multivariable analysis showed that physical activity (P=0.033), disease prevention (P=0.002), and physical and social health (P<0.001) were the factors affecting social participation of the elderly. Conclusion The social participation of the elderly in Kerman is affected by multiple factors. Therefore, planning to manage diseases, increase income, and solve the transportation problems of the elderly are recommended to improve their social participation.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86149777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Psychometric Evaluation of the Place Attachment Scale for Older Adults in Iran","authors":"Z. Aliakbarzadeh Arani, N. Zanjari, A. Delbari, M. Foroughan, Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni","doi":"10.32598/sija.2022.3328.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.2022.3328.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Due to the importance of place attachment in older adults, it seems necessary to identify their perception of this concept and its dimensions. The present study aims to design and assess the psychometric properties of a place attachment scale for older adults in Iran. Methods & Materials The is a sequential exploratory mixed method study that was conducted in 2018-2019 in two quantitative and qualitative phases. Participants were 414 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 70.43±8.84 years in Aran & Bidgol city, Iran who were selected by cluster sampling according to the inclusion criteria. By literature review and interview, the items were formulated. The face and validity content validity of the initial draft was assessed by a panel of experts and older adults. The construct validity was determined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also determined. SPSS software, version 24 and AMOS version 24 applications were used for statistical analysis. Results In examining content validity, most of items had content validity ratio >0.7, content validity index >0.79, and kappa coefficient >0.74. In examining construct validity using exploratory factor analysis, three factors of emotional bond, physical bond, and dependence were extracted for the subscale of attachment to home and three factors of emotional bond, social bond, and physical bond were extracted for the subscale of attachment to neighborhood, which explained 61.75% and 50.06% of the total variance, respectively. The measurement models of attachment to home (GFI=0.877, CFI=0.916, RMSEA=0.080) and neighborhood (GFI=0.809, CFI=0.860, RMSEA=0.077) had acceptable fit to the data. Moreover, the scale had acceptable internal consistency (α= 0.9) and test-retest reliability (ICC= 0.8). Conclusion The designed 42-item place attachment scale with two domains of attachment to home and neighborhood for the community-dwelling older adults in Iran has acceptable validity and reliability. This tool can be used in further studies and by policymaking in Iran.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81757196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Elder Abuse by Family Members and its Related Factors in Gonabad, Iran","authors":"Fatemeh Hosseini Moghaddam, Elham Nikkhah Beydokhti, Reza Noori, M. Sajjadi, Nasim Khajavian, Fatemeh Kameli, Samira Moradi Sangcholi, M. Moradi","doi":"10.32598/sija.2022.2850.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.2022.2850.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Elder abuse is one of the major social health problems in communities which has significant effects on decreasing their health and safety. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of elder abuse by family members and its related factors in Gonabad, Iran. Methods & Materials This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 401 elderly people in Gonabad, Iran. Who were selected using cluster random sampling. Data collection tools were a two-part questionnaire including a demographic form and the questionnaire of elder abuse by family members. The questionnaires were completed in a community health center. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 23, using descriptive and inferential statistics. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The mean age of participants was 68.53±6.75 years. The prevalence of elder abuse by family members was 44.6%. The highest prevalence of elder abuse was related to care negligence and the lowest prevalence was related to rejection. The educational level (P=0.03), history of hospitalization (P<0.001), sleep quality (P<0.001), income level (P<0.001) and level of dependency (P<0.001) had a statistically significant relationship with the prevalence of elder abuse by family members. Conclusion Given the high prevalence of elder abuse in Gonabad city, it seems necessary to have programs to increase the awareness of the elderly, their caregivers, and health personnel to prevent and reduce elder abuse.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80356420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Individual Factors of Empowerment and General Health in Older Adults Attending Neighborhood Houses in Tehran, Iran","authors":"M. Solhi, J. Abolghasemi, Fatemeh Gholami","doi":"10.32598/sija.2022.3229.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.2022.3229.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives By the rapid growth of the elderly population, the need to pay attention to this group becomes more obvious. General self-efficacy, self-control and self-esteem are the effective individual factors for the empowerment of the elderly. This study aims to examine the relationship between these individual aspects of empowerment and general health in older adults attending neighborhood houses in Tehran, Iran. Methods & Materials In this descriptive-analytical study with cross-sectional study design, 320 older men and women over 60 years of age participated who were selected by a cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic form, the 28-item general health questionaire, 10-item general self-efficacy scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and Tangney’s brief self-control scale. Data was described using mean and standard deviation, and analyzed using chi-square test, Spearman correlation test, one-way-ANOVA, and linear regression in SPSS sofwtare, version 22. Results The mean age of the elderly was 68.42±8.3 years. Their mean score of general health was 21.95±13.4. A significant negative correlation was found between general health, general self-efficacy, self-esteem and self-control (P<0.001). Their general health had a significant relationship with their educational level (P<0.001), years of employment (P=0.002) and housing status (P<0.001). The multivariate regression results showed that housing status (P=0.156), self-esteem (P<0.001), self-control (P<0.001), and general self-efficacy (P<0.001) were the significant predictors of general health in the elderly. Conclusion There is a relationship between general health, general self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-control of the elderly in Tehran. Their general health is related to their educational level, years of employment, and housing status. Housing status, self-esteem, self-control and general self-efficacy are predictors of their general health. Attention should be paid to these factors in developing health promotion programs for the elderly.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80832606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to Remarriage in Older Women in Iran: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Sara Maghare Dehkordi, Samaneh Pourhadi, S. Sum, Z. Ahmadi","doi":"10.32598/sija.2022.3351.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.2022.3351.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Today, one of the most important challenges in the world and in Iran is the increase of older population. With the death of a spouse in old age, the social participation of the elderly decreases; living alone is associated with a high risk of death and an impact on all aspects of health (physical, mental, social) in the elderly. This study aims to investigate the barriers to remarriage in older Iranian women. Methods & Materials The present study was conducted in 2019 with a qualitative approach and using the content analysis method. Using a purposive sampling method, 10 older women living in Babol city with at least one year of being single, widowed or divorced, the ability to communicate effectively, willingness to participate in research were selected. The data collection method was in-depth semi-structured interviews until reaching data saturation. Each interview was transcribed and analyzed based on Kvale’s step-by-step guidance. Results In order to determine the trustworthiness of the data, the criteria of credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability were used. From the interviews, 210 primary codes were extracted. Through analysis, three main categories and 12 sub categories were identified. The three categories were: “characteristics, changes and perspectives of the elderly”, “family and mutual roles of members”, “social relations and its effects”. Conclusion Considering the shame, modesty, and the taboo of remarriage in older women in Iran and the lack of transparency regarding their desires, planning and promoting culture to improve the quality of life of older women, breaking the taboo of remarriage by changing people’s views and common prejudices, and not violating the older women’s rights seem necessary.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84057683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Education and Telephone Follow-Up on Care Burden of Caregivers of Older Patients with Stroke","authors":"Hoda Bani Ardalan, S. Motalebi, A. Shahrokhi, Fatemeh Mohammadi","doi":"10.32598/sija.2022.2183.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.2022.2183.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. Caregivers of stroke patients experience high levels of care burden that can affect their physical and psychological health. It is necessary to use interventional programs for family caregivers to prevent or reduce their care burden. This study aims to determine the effect of education and telephone follow-up on care burden of the family caregivers of older patients with stroke. Methods & Materials This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 79 family caregivers of older patients with stroke admitted to the neurology department of Bu-Ali hospital in Qazvin, Iran who had been discharged in the past 1-6 months. Then, they were randomly divided into intervention and control groups by the block randomization technique. For the intervention group, 12 weeks of education and follow-up was presented through telephone and social media. Data were collected by demographic checklist, Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living, and Zarit burden interview. The independent t‐test, paired t‐test, and chi‐square tests were used for analyzing the data. Results Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of care burden (26.20 ± 11.08 for intervention group and 28.70 ± 11.63 for the control group) (P = 0.333); however, after the intervention, the care burden of the intervention group (18.28 ± 10.07) and the control group (29.80 ± 11.76) showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). The results showed that 12 weeks of education & telephone follow-up caused a significant reduction in the care burden of the family caregivers (P< 0.001). Conclusion The education and telephone follow-up can be a useful and cost-effective method for reducing the care burden of the family caregivers of older patients with stroke.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76125955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Health Status and Micronutrients Level With Nutritional Status of the Elderly With Psychological Disorders","authors":"O. Rezaei, L. Fattah moghaddam, S. Banihashem, Davood Arab Ghahestany, Hossein Akhavan Zanjani, P. Mansouri, Fereshteh Rezaie","doi":"10.32598/sija.2021.3154.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.2021.3154.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Elderly with psychological disorders are at risk of malnutrition. Investigating the nutritional status and identifying the effective factors among the preventive and control measures. This study aims to investigate the nutritional status and its relationship with health status and micronutrients level in older people with psychological disorders. Methods & Materials In this cross-sectional survey, 101 older people admitted to Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2018 participated. The data were collected after blood sampling and assessing body mass index (BMI) using a demographic form, the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool and a health status questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by the chi-square test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis in SPSS v. 21. Results Almost three-quarters of the participants had an abnormal nutritional status. The results showed that the nutritional status of participants had a significant relationship with dental health status, physical activity, the serum levels of vitamin D and vitamin B12, and BMI (P<0.05). After logistic analysis, vitamin B12 level (OR=1.007, 95% CI: 1.002-1.012), physical activity (OR=8.539, 95%CI: 1.142-63.85) and dental health status (OR=23.119, 95%CI:1.401-38.788) were reported as the predictors of nutritional status. It was reported that 95% of the elderly had vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion Most of the elderly with psychological disorders are at risk of malnutrition or have malnutrition. The identified predictors of malnutrition for this group are modifiable. Therefore, regular screening and nutritional management should be strengthened for their therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87483969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison Study on the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Sleep Hygiene Education on Sleep Quality and Physiological Parameters in Older Adults","authors":"Reza Mottaghi, A. Maredpour, Shirali Karamin","doi":"10.32598/sija.2022.1438.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.2022.1438.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Due to the high prevalence of insomnia and physiological problems in the elderly, this study aims to compare the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), sleep hygiene education (SHE) and their combination on sleep quality and physiological parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation in the blood) in the elderly. Methods & Materials This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design using a control group. The study population consists of the elderly members of Jahandidegan center in Shiraz, Iran in 2018. Using a convenience sampling method and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 80 subjects were selected and randomly divided into four groups, three experimental groups (ACT, SHE, and ACT+SHE) and one control group. The SHE and ACT programs each were presented for four weeks. The control group was put on a waiting list. The subjects were assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a mercury sphygmomanometer, and a pulse oximeter. Data analyses were conducted in SPSS v. 23 using a two-way mixed analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results Participants had a mean age of 70.41±4.05 years. the changes in sleep quality, systole blood pressure, and oxygen saturation in three experimental groups were significant after intervention (P<0.001). The highest effect on sleep quality was related to the combined therapy (0.83), followed by SHE (0.67) and ACT (0.60). Conclusion All three treatment methods (ACT, SHE, and combined therapy) can improve the sleep quality and consequently systolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation in the blood of the elderly. Each of these methods are useful and can improve their psychological and physical health, where the combined therapy has superiority. Training and applying these methods are recommended for health care workers in elderly care.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91094315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between the Use of Medicinal Plants and Medication Adherence in the Elderly with Chronic Diseases","authors":"H. Koohestani, N. Baghcheghi","doi":"10.32598/sija.2022.3247.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.2022.3247.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Many older patients use medicinal plants, assuming that they are safe and without side effects. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the use of medicinal plants and medication adherence in the elderly patients with chronic diseases. Methods & Materials In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 358 patients aged ≥60 years with chronic diseases were selected by a convenience sampling method. Data collection instrument was a three-part questionnaire assessing demographic information, history of using medicinal plants, and medication adherence using the Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS). The data were entered into SPSS v.21 and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Chi-square test, independent t-test and logistic regression. Results The mean age of participants was 69.44±8.13 years and 52.23% were female. The majority of them were married (87.68%) with a junior high school education (71.64%).The overall mean score of MMAS was 5.48 (poor adherence). The percentage of patients with a history of taking medicinal plants in the last year with the prescription of physician was 41.34% (n=148) while the percentage of those used medicinal plants without the physician’ prescription was 27.3% (n=98). The mean of MMAS score in the groups who used medicinal plants was lower than in the group with no history of using medicinal plants (P=0.001). The number of used medicinal plants, the frequency of using medicinal plants, and the duration of chronic disease had a statistically significant relationship with the medication adherence (P <0.05). Conclusion Due to the high consumption of medicinal plants in the elderly with chronic diseases and its relationship with poor medication adherence, it is necessary to educate them about the correct use of medicinal plants, their side effects, herb-drug interactions, the need to inform the doctor about use of medicinal plants, and adherence to medication.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75661724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}