Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology最新文献

{"title":"Design Optimization of Ship’s Bow Sailing in Kara Sea and Barents Sea","authors":"Jianfei Liu, Feng Guoqing, H. Ren, Hu Wenjia, Yuwei Sun","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95586","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ships performing their missions in the polar regions will inevitably suffer from sea ice collision, which will lead to structural safety problems. Therefore, ships should be designed according to the characteristics of polar sea ice to enable them to navigate safely in the polar regions. Based on the probability density curve of sea ice thickness and the occurrence frequency of sea ices of different sizes of the Kara Sea and the Barents Sea, this paper preliminarily designs ship’s bow sailing in the Kara Sea and the Barents Sea, establishes the ship’s bow-ice collision model and carries out numerical simulation to obtain the stress distribution. Then it optimizes the structure of the parts of the ship’s bow. After the optimization, the bow structure meets the strength requirements and the weight of the ship’s bow is relatively light.","PeriodicalId":444168,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology","volume":"73 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120895829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentials of Nano-Designed Plugs: Implications for Short and Long Term Well Integrity","authors":"R. Kimanzi, Harshkumar Patel, M. Khalifeh, S. Salehi, C. Teodoriu","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95614","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cement plugs are designed to protect the integrity of oil and gas wells by mitigating movement of formation fluids and leaks. A failure of the cement sheath can result in the loss of zonal isolation, which can lead to sustained casing pressure.\u0000 In this study, nanosynthetic graphite with designed expansive properties has been introduced to fresh cement slurry. The expansive properties of nanosynthetic graphite were achieved by controlling the preparation conditions. The material was made from synthetic graphite and has a surface area ranging from 325–375 m2/gram. Several tests including compressive strength, rheology, and thickening time were performed. An addition of 1% nanosynthetic graphite with appropriate reactivity was sufficient to maintain expansion in the cement system, leading to an early compressive strength development. It has excellent thermal and electrical conductivity and can be used to design a cement system with short and long-term integrity. Rheology and thickening time tests confirmed its pumpability. Controlling the concentration of the additive is a promising method that can be used to mitigate gas migration in gas bearing and shallow gas formations.","PeriodicalId":444168,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128816012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Ice-Wave Interaction by Coupling DEM-CFD","authors":"T. Lu, Z. Zou","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The motions of ice floes in linear waves were simulated by coupling Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The interactions between ice floes are investigated by DEM. The hydrodynamics of ice floes, mainly including the drag force and the buoyancy, are calculated by CFD. In the simulation, the ice floes are treated as discrete elements, and the contact forces between ice floes are determined by the Hertz-Mindlin (no-slip) contact model. The shape of ice floes is an approximate square composed of a number of spherical faces, which can reduce the computation cost. The waves are treated as First Order Airy wave, which is linear in nature and applied to small amplitude waves in shallow liquid depth ranges. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was adopted to capture the free surface. The simulation results are in agreement with the actual situation to a certain extent.","PeriodicalId":444168,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125475177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD Simulation of Two-Phase Vertical Annular Flow in Both Upward and Downward Direction in a Small Pipe","authors":"Ekhwaiter Abobaker, Abadelhalim Elsanoose, J. Shirokoff, M. A. Rahman","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96311","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is presented to investigate the annular flow behavior in the vertical pipe by using ANSYS Fluent platform 17.2. The study was analyzed complex behavior of annular flow in two cases (upward and downward flow) for different air superficial velocities and range of Reynolds number for water, in order to obtain the effect of orientation flow and increasing superficial gas and liquid velocities on the base film, mean disturbance wave thickness, the average longitudinal size of disturbance wave as well as pressure gradient. For multiphase flow model, the volume of fluid method (VOF) for two-phase flow modelling was used and coupled with RNG k-ε turbulence model to predict fully annular flow structures in the upward and downward flow direction. From CFD simulation results, it is clear to see how increases in air velocity result in reductions in film thickness and increase in pressure gradient. Additionally, the results showed monotonic enhancement of film thickness occurring in tandem with increases in the liquid flow rate. However, due to the effect of gravitational force and interfacial friction, the film thickness and pressure gradient are slightly larger for the upward flow than for the downward flow. The results agree with the recent experimental data that studied the annular flow behavior and pressure drop in the upward and downward flow direction. This study will be very helpful in understanding multiphase flow behavior in natural gas wells.","PeriodicalId":444168,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132206819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cement Bond Strength Measurements","authors":"N. Opedal, P. Cerasi, Torbjørn Vrålstad","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96773","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cement is an important component to ensure safe and economic sustainable operations of wells. To optimize the performance of cement in a well, and to achieve an adequate level of well integrity, experimental testing of cement under realistic and relevant conditions is vital. This paper reviews three different types of cement bond strengths relevant for the petroleum industry and gives an evaluation of the methodologies used to study these bond strengths. Although the term “Bond strength” should at first be assessed and discussed as an easy-to-understand parameter, the review shows that it is important to understand the fundamental differences between the three-bond strengths. In terms of how they are measured, and in terms of what the information can be used for.","PeriodicalId":444168,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124795056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Model for Tubular Burst","authors":"Bjorn Brechan, S. Sangesland, S. Dale","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95819","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Modern casing design can reduce significant amounts of CO2 and considerable cost per well [1]. Collapse design was modernized by ISO/API Technical committee 67, Sub Committee 5, Work Group 2b (ISO/API TC67/SC5/WG2b). Modernization of burst design has so far not had the same focus and only minor changes have been made. A new burst design model has been developed to add to the collapse prediction for a complete environmental and cost effective well design tool. It is based on the theories of Lubinski [2] (1975) and presents designs using “exact von Mises ellipsis” together with the Klever and Stewart ductile rupture model [3].\u0000 This paper presents the model developed for burst design and the improvement compared to current industry practice. Inspired by the current most accurate collapse prediction model [4], the modified burst model (prototype) is the first to consider actual wall thickness to predict a more accurate internal yield of OCTG (Oil Country Tubular Goods). Investigations show that the standard 12.5% wall thickness reduction for manufacturing tolerances may be obsolete. ISO 10400 offers physical measurements and statistics of tubular properties. Following the principals by WG2b applied with the Klever & Tamano collapse prediction, there is a set of data to be used for a specific batch of tubulars or they are deducted through large quantum of measurements; ensemble Probability Density Function (PDF). The value proposed as “ensemble PDF” for wall thickness is based on more than 10 000 measurements of tubulars from 11 vendors distributed over Electrical Weld (EW) and quenched and tempered (Q&T) qualities of miscellaneous sizes and grades. The batch specific value proposed is based on more modest numbers of specimens from 4 sources but offers “minimum measured wall thickness” for all the samples. Adding to the confidence of the final design is the automated ductile burst calculation, which is one of the latest contributions to burst modeling in the industry [4] [5] [6]. It is a useful aid for the design engineer to know the potential failure mode and the limit before loss of integrity. However, burst is limited to yield because exceeding this limit may lead to loss of the pipe’s effective diameter and eventually loss of integrity. Therefore, the ductile burst prediction is proposed as a visual aid only.","PeriodicalId":444168,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126929172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fate of Hydrocarbon Leaks From Plugged and Abandoned Wells Compared to Natural Seepages","authors":"Mari R. Tveit, M. Khalifeh, T. Nordam, A. Saasen","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95674","url":null,"abstract":"As the hydrocarbon fields mature and reach the end of their productive lives, their Permanent Plug and Abandonment (PP&A) become inevitable. Even though new technology and verification methods are being researched, it is evident that operational, barrier material and qualification challenges together contribute to a risk of leaks from abandoned wells. Well integrity standard NORSOK D-010 constitutes zero leak acceptance criteria to protect the environment; however, natural hydrocarbon seepages are occurring all over the world on a daily basis. In this study, we introduce the comparison between leaking wells and natural seeps and suggest conducting a fate analysis is appropriate to provide necessary data for evaluating environmental implications of leaking wells. Two case studies were analyzed using SINTEF Ocean’s OSCAR (Oil Spill Contingency And Response) software; one historical gas leak (Field A) and a theoretical oil leak (Field B). It is found that for releases of natural gas at 70 m water depth, 95 to 99 % dissolve in the ocean, and the fraction of gas reaching the atmosphere is dependent on the initial gas bubble size. Fate of oil is more complex than gas, but evaporation, sedimentation and biodegradation are the main contributing mechanisms in the fate analysis.","PeriodicalId":444168,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114465802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hole Cleaning Related Stuck Pipe Analysis During Extended Reach Drilling by Using a Transient Cuttings Transport Model: A Case Study","authors":"Hao Zeng, Yijin Zeng, Feifei Zhang, Guang Yang, Yuezhi Wang, Xi Wang","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96617","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Insufficient hole cleaning is one of the major challenges in drilling, particularly in extended-reach drilling (ERD). This paper presents a case study of a stuck pipe incident caused by cuttings pack off during drilling an extended-reach well. A generalized, transient, solid-transport model that can handle different flow patterns is used to replay the hole-cleaning process. Results show that, although cuttings beds in the deviated part of the wellbore are not significant while drilling ahead, cuttings can still cause problems during tripping. This study reinforces the facts that hole cleaning in wells with long deviated sections is complicated and a transient approach is required to fully understand the hole-cleaning condition. Effective hole cleaning does not only mean that the cuttings concentration is low or the cuttings transport ratio is high. In addition, the absence of additional cuttings being produced from the shale shaker during circulation does not necessarily indicate that the hole is clean. The cuttings accumulated behind the BHA can lead to tight spots and over-pull incidents during tripping. By conducting drill string reciprocations without circulation, the tight spots can be “worked through” but packed cuttings cannot be removed from the wellbore. This paper presents lessons learned from this incident, as well as recommendations for future operations.","PeriodicalId":444168,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117160340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Investigation of Filtercake Reinforced Wellbore Strengthening and Fracture Sealing","authors":"Mingzheng Yang, Yuanhang Chen, F. Growcock, Feifei Zhang","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96675","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drilling-induced lost circulation should be managed before and during fracture initiation rather than after they propagate to form large fractures and losses become uncontrollable. Recent studies indicated the potentially critical role of filtercake in strengthening the wellbore through formation of a pressure-isolating barrier, as well as plugging microfractures during fracture initiation. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to understand the role played by filtercake in the presence of lost circulation materials (LCMs). A modified permeability plugging apparatus (PPA) with slotted discs was used to simulate whole mud loss through fractures of known width behind filtercake. Cumulative fluid loss upon achieving a complete seal and the maximum sealing pressure were measured to evaluate the combined effects of filtercake and LCMs in preventing and reducing fluid losses. The effects of some filtercake properties (along with LCM type, concentration and particle size distribution) on filtercake rupture and fracture sealing were investigated. The results indicate that filtercake can accelerate fracture sealing and reduce total mud loss. Efficiently depositing filtercake while drilling can reduce the concentration of LCM that is required to plug and isolate incipient fractures.","PeriodicalId":444168,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123791555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of the Method for Calculating Downhole Weight on Bit and its Application in Autodriller Systems","authors":"Wu Zebing, Guo Longlong, Zhang Shuai, Yuanping Wu, Lantao Lv, Wang Wenjuan, Pan Yujie, Wang Yongyong, Adnane El Mokhtari","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96784","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The accuracy of downhole weight on bit (DWOB) is one of the most important factors in the improvement of drilling efficiency, especially in horizontal well drilling. This paper introduced an analytical model and developed a corresponding program to calculate DWOB using drilling data on the surface. A well with field data measured was utilized to verify the model. The results indicate that the calculated friction factors are reasonable, and the DWOB calculated using the analytical model is consistent with those measured by the measurement tool. To satisfy the requirement of real-time drilling monitoring, a least square fitting (LSF) model for the relationship between the DWOB and surface weight on bit (SWOB) measured by deadline sensor on the surface was established to improve the calculation speed. Compared to the analytical method, the LSF model features much faster calculation speed, and the DWOB predicted by LSF model shows much better agreement with the measured DWOB. In addition, the influence of friction factors and standpipe pressure on the coefficients of LSF model was analyzed. The method and calculation technique proposed have applications potential, such as integration with present autodriller systems, post-drilling analysis, drilling operation monitoring, drilling optimization and automation.","PeriodicalId":444168,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Petroleum Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127639744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}