Journal of Global Security Studies最新文献_第4页

The Myth of the “Poor Man's Atomic Bomb”: Knowledge, Method, and Ideology in the Study of Chemical, Biological, and Nuclear Weapons “穷人的原子弹”的神话:化学、生物和核武器研究中的知识、方法和意识形态

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogac037

Biejan Poor Toulabi

{"title":"The Myth of the “Poor Man's Atomic Bomb”: Knowledge, Method, and Ideology in the Study of Chemical, Biological, and Nuclear Weapons","authors":"Biejan Poor Toulabi","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogac037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogac037","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Chemical and biological weapons (CBWs) have often been characterized as a “poor man's atomic bomb”: a cheap and easy to acquire alternative to nuclear weapons that is particularly appealing to so-called Third World states. This idea is also reflected in Western government and expert estimates that have long exaggerated the spread of CBWs, especially among states in the Global South. In this article, I break down the ways in which the idea that the spread of CBWs is prevalent and that it primarily happens among states in the Global South has come to exist and persist. By dissecting an oft-cited dataset on CBW spread, I unravel frequently occurring methodological flaws—such as conceptual confusion, misinterpretation of sources, and a bias toward proliferation charges originating from the US government—that breed and sustain inflated estimates and faulty allegations. Subsequently, I show that a dominant cognitive framework that centers on the metaphorical use of the terms “proliferation” and “poor man's atomic bomb” primes analysts and policymakers to interpret the history and future of chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons as being characterized by inevitable spread, particularly among the non-Western “Other.” In conclusion, I offer ways to counter the orthodoxies of this ideology in teaching, research, and policy.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76898628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Rebel Resource Efficiency and the Escalation of Civil Conflict 叛军资源效率与内战升级

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogac034

B. W. Reeder, Dong-Wook Kwak, J. R. Smith, M. Wales

{"title":"Rebel Resource Efficiency and the Escalation of Civil Conflict","authors":"B. W. Reeder, Dong-Wook Kwak, J. R. Smith, M. Wales","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogac034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 What explains the ebbs and flows of government–rebel battles during civil conflict? We posit that rebels, as actors dissatisfied with the status quo, challenge the government when they can sustain fighting and absorb losses on the battlefield. This is possible when the group's resource base is stable and unlikely to be undermined by market forces, government action, or external interveners. If, however, rebel portfolios are extraordinarily profitable, rebels will focus on profiting from their investments, making the escalation of armed conflict less likely. Using a measure that captures the efficiency of rebel resource portfolios and two illustrative cases, we find evidence for this curvilinear relationship: conflicts escalate as resource portfolio efficiency increases but de-escalate slightly when portfolios are very efficient. Thus, the decision to escalate a conflict is revealed to be a function of the entire bundle of resources controlled by rebels and the market value of those resources. By accounting for the entirety of rebel resource portfolios, this study refines the insurgent–resource nexus, leading to a better understanding of civil conflict dynamics.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76340578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Who Supports the Huawei 5G Ban? Advancing a Two-Level Ideational Approach in International Relations 谁支持华为5G禁令?推进国际关系两个层次的理念观

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogac028

Yoon Jin Lee

{"title":"Who Supports the Huawei 5G Ban? Advancing a Two-Level Ideational Approach in International Relations","authors":"Yoon Jin Lee","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogac028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogac028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The US allies’ decisions to ban or allow Huawei from building fifth-generation (5G) mobile broadband are significant to various actors, but their decisions have not been examined systematically. While related literatures point to relative bargaining power or domestic political constraints, I argue that strengths of pre-existing ideas, across national leader and national security institutional levels of analysis, help explain US allies’ positions. Specifically, I argue that the following three understandings are key: (1) China has aggressive intentions, (2) information and communications technology (ICT) system requires security, and (3) data privacy needs state protection. I argue that when the three key understandings are strong across national leader and national security institutional levels, the leader would likely adopt the Huawei 5G ban. On the other hand, when the three key understandings are weak across two levels, the leader would likely allow Huawei to partake in building 5G networks without tougher controls. I conduct a plausibility probe-based comparison of the decision cases of Australia and South Korea and find support for my hypotheses. The cross-national evidence calls for more attention to specific understandings—particular to action contexts—across at least two levels of analysis in explaining decisions of interest.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73722699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Progressive Grand Strategy: A Synthesis and Critique 进步大战略:综合与批判

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogac032

J. Friedman

引用次数: 0

Toward Measuring Free-Riding: Counterfactuals, Alliances, and US–Philippine Relations 衡量搭便车:反事实，联盟和美国-菲律宾关系

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogac033

Xinru Ma, David C. Kang

{"title":"Toward Measuring Free-Riding: Counterfactuals, Alliances, and US–Philippine Relations","authors":"Xinru Ma, David C. Kang","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogac033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogac033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Do allies free ride? Although plausible, the concept of free riding relies upon a counterfactual: if the ally did not have a powerful patron, then it would invest more in its own defense. However, these claims are often asserted, not shown. The concept of free riding, although influential in the field of security studies, is almost unfalsifiable. In this article, we show logically how difficult it is to ascertain actual free riding. Rather than dismiss the entire concept, however, we attempt to provide two hypotheses and one scope condition that moves closer to a direct assessment of claims of free riding: first, if the ally is free riding, as the patron's commitment decreases, the ally should spend more on its own defense; second, all things being equal, a state with a powerful patron should spend less than one without. The key scope condition is whether the ally cares sufficiently about the issue to fight. We use the case of East Asia—and in particular the Philippines—to illustrate these dynamics. We conclude that the low defense spending of US allies and non-allies in East Asia is not free riding but rather a reflection of their low threat perceptions.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85512813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Same Same but Different? Ideological Differentiation and Intra-jihadist Competition in the Syrian Civil War 更正:相同但不同?叙利亚内战中的意识形态分化和圣战内部竞争

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogad002

引用次数: 0

New Questions for an Old Alliance: NATO in Cyberspace and American Public Opinion 旧联盟的新问题:网络空间中的北约与美国公众舆论

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogac024

Lindsey Guenther, P. Musgrave

{"title":"New Questions for an Old Alliance: NATO in Cyberspace and American Public Opinion","authors":"Lindsey Guenther, P. Musgrave","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogac024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogac024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cybersecurity poses new questions for old alliances. These questions emerge with special force in the case of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Russian Federation wields substantial cyber capabilities, but NATO members have been ambivalent about stating what sorts of attacks would trigger the North Atlantic Treaty's Article 5 collective self-defense provisions. Nevertheless, NATO officials state that there are some attacks that would trigger Article 5. This leads to a puzzle: why would an explicit alliance guarantee designed to ensure collective defense against certain forms of attack be informally extended to include others? Because the policy of the United States toward such questions will likely be of great significance in determining NATO policy, we use a series of survey experiments to test American public opinion regarding support for defending allies and friendly countries against cyber operations. Respondents are likelier to support a response to an attack that causes fatalities and when the victim has a treaty alliance with the United States. In contrast, support falls if US participation is likely to provoke further retaliation or the target attacked is civilian rather than military.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76830742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Great Power Competition and China's Security Assistance to Africa: Arms, Training, and Influence 大国竞争与中国对非洲的安全援助:武器、训练和影响

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogac027

Ilaria Carrozza, Nicholas J Marsh

引用次数: 1

Slow Rolls, Shoulder-Taps, and Coups: Building a Research Program in Military Dissent Across Regime Types 慢滚，肩拍和政变:建立一个跨政权类型的军事异议研究项目

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogac026

Risa A. Brooks, D. Pion-Berlin

引用次数: 1

Constraining Tamil Transnational Political Action: Security Governance Practices beyond the Sending State 制约泰米尔跨国政治行动:派遣国之外的安全治理实践

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogac023

Catherine Ruth Craven

{"title":"Constraining Tamil Transnational Political Action: Security Governance Practices beyond the Sending State","authors":"Catherine Ruth Craven","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogac023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogac023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper examines the security governance of the Tamil diaspora through a practice lens. It takes as its starting point the observation that the Tamil diaspora community has historically been subjected to complex and multi-scalar security governance. How this continues after the end of the Sri Lankan civil war period remains empirically and theoretically underexamined, with studies focusing instead on Tamil diaspora organizing. This paper addresses this gap by mapping and theorizing contemporary constraints to Tamil transnational political action (TPA), building on the growing literature on the transnational repression of diaspora. Further, it proposes to move beyond the state-centrism and liberal bias inherent in this literature, by centering security governance practices. Based on a review of existing literature and historical and ethnographic data collected through mixed-method fieldwork among the Tamil diaspora community between 2015 and 2018, this paper concludes that key security governance practices that constrain Tamil TPA, such as proscription, counterterrorism policing, and formal diplomatic practices, have continued since the end of the civil war, each revealing complex global security entanglements beyond the diaspora sending state.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72885683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0