Journal of Global Security Studies最新文献

Digital Rights and the State of Exception. Internet Shutdowns from the Perspective of Just Securitization Theory 数字权利与例外状态。从公正安全论的角度看互联网关闭问题

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogad024

Johannes Thumfart

{"title":"Digital Rights and the State of Exception. Internet Shutdowns from the Perspective of Just Securitization Theory","authors":"Johannes Thumfart","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogad024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Addressing cases from Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Spain, Togo, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Zimbabwe, this article discusses the global phenomenon of internet shutdowns (ISs) from the normative perspective of Just Securitization Theory (JST). It focuses on the conflict between arguments used to justify ISs and the negative impact of ISs regarding fundamental and human rights. This article develops strict criteria for when ISs might be legitimate as extraordinary security measures in emergency situations. Following JST, these criteria are based on citizens’ right to physical integrity, the expectation of reasonable success, proportionality, harm minimization, and specificity. I argue that it is not legitimate to use ISs to enact collective punishment, preemptive censorship, or hamper legitimate political protests. While denying the legitimacy of the vast majority of ISs on these grounds, I sketch four exceptional scenarios (“WhatsApp lynchings,” “US Capitol 2021,” “Computer virus,” and “False alarm”) in which ISs can be legitimate. JST also includes states’ duty to desecuritize once a threat has been neutralized. In this way, a balanced discussion of ISs as an exceptional measure from the perspective of JST contributes to the establishment of a customary positive human right to digital connectivity in the normal situation.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geopolitics and Genocide: Patron Interests, Client Crises, and Realpolitik 地缘政治与种族灭绝：赞助人利益、客户危机和现实政治

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogad023

Sascha Nanlohy

{"title":"Geopolitics and Genocide: Patron Interests, Client Crises, and Realpolitik","authors":"Sascha Nanlohy","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogad023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Genocide is a catastrophic event in international relations. States that experience genocide often have powerful external patrons that influence its likelihood. Yet, the external dynamics of genocide are often overlooked. This paper examines the constraining or enabling role of external patrons and what motivates their decisions. This research theorizes that patron states can permit or restrain genocide, depending on their interests in the client state. The study uses a qualitative comparative case analysis to focus on the role of patron military assistance, comparing genocide in Rwanda (1990–1994), and the role of France with the high-risk non-genocide in Nagorno-Karabakh (1991–1994) and Russian support to Armenia. I argue that patron actions can be understood through the prism of great or regional power competition and are generally determined by motivations conforming to a logic of realpolitik; the prospect of loss of influence significantly affects the likelihood of genocide. These processes can be observed through variations in patron military assistance and patterns of violence. A better understanding of these dynamics is critical to the study of international relations and international security, with policy implications for atrocity prevention in a period of intensifying great power competition.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Political Economy of Australian Militarism: On the Emergent Military–Industrial–Academic Complex 澳大利亚军国主义的政治经济学:论新兴的军事-工业-学术复合体

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogad018

Sian Troath

{"title":"The Political Economy of Australian Militarism: On the Emergent Military–Industrial–Academic Complex","authors":"Sian Troath","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogad018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Australia is undergoing a process of substantial militarization. This article argues that one of the key forces underpinning Australia’s militarization is an emergent military–industrial–academic complex (MIAC), comprised of increasingly close relationships between universities, defense, and defense industry. The connections between the three have rapidly intensified since 2016 due to changes in defense industry policy, pessimism regarding the strategic environment, the ongoing malaise of the neoliberal university, and the motivations of key individuals. This article demonstrates that each of the three groups is actively seeking closer relationships with the other, driven by a patchwork of competing economic and strategic motivations, and powered by ideals of innovation and the entrepreneurial spirit. Each needs the other—for military advantage, for profits, and for survival. Australia’s emergent but rapidly expanding MIAC raises concerns about the pace, nature, and necessity of Australia’s militarization, the impact on the role of the university in society, and the hollowness of Australian strategic policy. Furthermore, it has substantial implications for strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific, Australia’s alliances, and the Australia-UK-US (AUKUS) partnership.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can Insurgents Capture Aid through Credit Claiming? Evidence from Afghanistan 叛乱分子可以通过信用索赔获得援助吗?来自阿富汗的证据

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogad019

Jori Breslawski

引用次数: 0

Economic Sanctions and the Escalation of Terrorism 经济制裁和恐怖主义升级

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogad016

Navin A Bapat, Menevis Cilizoglu

引用次数: 0

Public Secrets: The Dynamics of Publicity and Secrecy in Offensive Cyber Operations 公共秘密:攻击性网络行动中公开与保密的动态

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogad013

Gil Baram

{"title":"Public Secrets: The Dynamics of Publicity and Secrecy in Offensive Cyber Operations","authors":"Gil Baram","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogad013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Historically, offensive cyber operations (OCOs) have been considered a practice that states could carry out covertly, away from the public eye, with both perpetrators and defenders having incentives to remain silent. Over the past few years, however, perpetrators and defenders have publicly acknowledged their involvement in OCOs. How common is this strategic choice among states? What are its characteristics? In this research note I show that this is not a binary choice, and that there is variance in the strategies available to either side. I then examine what state behavior patterns can be identified by using compiled data of OCOs between 1996 and 2019. I show that this phenomenon of giving up secrecy is occurring and point out on states’ characteristics and probabilities of choosing each strategy. Initial findings show significant use of public strategies by perpetrators (20 percent) and more so by defenders (50 percent), and that democracies tend toward public credit claiming and attribution, while less democratic countries tend toward public denial. As governments increasingly engage in OCOs, the implications of this research note are of interest to scholars and practitioners alike.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135914891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conditional Assistance: Entrapment Concerns and Individual-Level Support for US Alliance Partners 有条件援助:对美国联盟伙伴的陷阱问题和个人层面的支持

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogad017

Florian Justwan, Jeffrey D Berejikian

{"title":"Conditional Assistance: Entrapment Concerns and Individual-Level Support for US Alliance Partners","authors":"Florian Justwan, Jeffrey D Berejikian","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogad017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we explore how concerns about entrapment influence mass attitudes about armed support for an alliance partner. We focus on two separate dimensions of entrapment: allied crisis instigation and the risk of direct entanglement in a nuclear conflict. Our empirical analysis is based on US experimental survey data, collected in 2021. Our data analysis reveals two main findings. First, people are less likely to endorse military action in support of another country if that state is perceived as the instigator of a given military crisis. However, we find that allied crisis instigation only reduces individual-level support for certain types of military operations (cruise missile and nuclear strikes) but not others. Furthermore, even where significant, the substantive effect of our experimental vignette is fairly limited. This implies that US voters are not particularly sensitive to the potential for offensive entrapment in the US–South Korean alliance. Second, we find that nuclear deterrence threats from international rivals sap public support for military action. However, this is only true (1) for conventional military attacks and (2) if the US President does not provide a substantive justification for military intervention. As soon as leaders offer a detailed rationale for military action, the negative effect of foreign nuclear threats on support for the use of force disappears.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136017337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Out of the Shadows: Ukraine and the Shock of Non-Hybrid War 走出阴影:乌克兰和非混合战争的冲击

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogad014

P. Porter

引用次数: 0

Governance Interrupted: Rebel Governance and Pro-Government Militias 治理中断:叛军治理和亲政府民兵

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogad015

Minnie M. Joo, Santiago Sosa

引用次数: 0

The Impact of COVID-19 on Insurgency and Rebel Governance: Lessons from India's Northeast 2019冠状病毒病对叛乱和叛乱治理的影响:来自印度东北部的经验教训

IF 1.6

Journal of Global Security Studies Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogad006

E. Newman, J. Saikia, A. Waterman

{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Insurgency and Rebel Governance: Lessons from India's Northeast","authors":"E. Newman, J. Saikia, A. Waterman","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogad006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogad006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Emerging research has suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic has generally favored rebel organizations—rather than states—in situations of intrastate conflict. This article challenges this perspective by analyzing the pandemic's impact on three dimensions of rebel activity—armed activity, popular support and recruitment, and rebel governance. It does so by using illustrative evidence from long-running insurgencies in Northeast India, characterized by long-term rebel weakness and minimal, if any, territorial control. The article finds that during the early, acute phase of the pandemic in 2020, state-imposed lockdowns, rebels’ own restrictions, and disruptions to supply chains constrained most dimensions of rebel activity. The easing of restrictions in 2021 revealed complex and multidimensional impacts on different armed groups, which often hinged on pre-existing positions such as armed group strength, strategy, relations with the state, and operational circumstances. These experiences of low-level insurgencies lacking territorial control add important qualifiers to the notion that rebels are inherently best placed to capitalize on stochastic shocks such as pandemics. Beyond the case of Northeast India, these findings make a number of contributions to the analysis of counterinsurgency and rebel governance.","PeriodicalId":44399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Security Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87991728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1