{"title":"Applying NHTSA task acceptance criteria to different simulated driving scenarios","authors":"D. Large, E. Loon, G. Burnett, Sudeep Pournami","doi":"10.1145/2799250.2799254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799254","url":null,"abstract":"Driver distraction is a major contributor to road traffic accidents. Consequently, NHTSA have published detailed guidelines intended to discourage the introduction of excessively distracting electronic devices in vehicles. However, concerns have been raised regarding the theoretical basis and ecological validity of the NHTSA Eye Glance Testing Using a Driving Simulator (EGDS) testing protocol. In particular, it has been noted that the driving scenario is over-simplified and acceptance is predicated on absolute measures determined from a poorly defined and out-dated reference task ('radio-tuning'). Using a medium-fidelity driving simulator, a new prototype touchscreen interface was evaluated in full compliance with the NHTSA EGDS test protocol. As a comparison, the same interface was then tested using a well-established ('standard') driving scenario. Results show that the different scenarios elicited significantly different visual behaviour with drivers placing more emphasis (extended TEORT and MGD) on secondary task performance during the NHTSA scenario. Furthermore, driving performance measures indicated higher levels of 'presence' associated with the 'standard' environment. Conclusions are drawn regarding the effect of primary task demand on secondary task performance and NHTSA-compliance, and the validity of the proposed test scenario and reference task.","PeriodicalId":443866,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126931715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyungjoo Cha, J. Giacomin, M. Lycett, F. Mccullough, Dave Rumbold
{"title":"Identifying human desires relative to the integration of mobile devices into automobiles","authors":"Kyungjoo Cha, J. Giacomin, M. Lycett, F. Mccullough, Dave Rumbold","doi":"10.1145/2799250.2799252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799252","url":null,"abstract":"With advanced mobile device technology diversifying the role of the automobile, understanding what people desire in automobiles has become crucial to meet people's expectations. In order to better identify their desires, the human-centred design approach was used in conducting this research. 16 participants comprised from a group of professionals ranging from Baby Boomers to Generation Y and 16 participants from a Generation Z group were interviewed using optimised questions based on a combination of five qualitative research frameworks to probe people's expectations, desires, meanings and metaphors about possible automotive contexts. Nine design themes that refer to the most probable desires for automobiles were derived through thematic analysis and comparison between the two interview groups. The influence of the human-centred design approach on the results and the possible application of the results were discussed.","PeriodicalId":443866,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116753976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Skyline: a rapid prototyping driving simulator for user experience","authors":"Ignacio J. Alvarez, Laura Rumbel, R. Adams","doi":"10.1145/2799250.2799290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799290","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces Skyline, a user experience prototyping platform for automotive, developed in Intel Labs to enable rapid iterative development of in-vehicle experiences. The paper describes the hardware and software components of Skyline. It highlights the flexibility of the interior HMI configuration and the accessibility of the development platform, based on open source Web technologies such as JavaScript, CSS, Node.js and MQTT. The paper steps through the development and user testing processes for a cockpit experience with Skyline, illustrating the benefits of capturing early qualitative user feedback as support for rapid prototyping. Finally, the paper outlines the potential benefits of high fidelity assets developed on the platform for both industry and academia, and the enormous value that documented user experience HMI assets can have for in-vehicle feature productization and research.","PeriodicalId":443866,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121582575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supporting lane change decisions with ambient light","authors":"Andreas Löcken, Wilko Heuten, Susanne CJ Boll","doi":"10.1145/2799250.2799259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799259","url":null,"abstract":"The number of assistance systems in cars has been increasing in recent years. While these systems are targeted at supporting the individual driver and his or her safety, they may though compete for the driver's attention, and may demand too much of the driver's cognitive resources. Based on the established multiple resource theory in recent years, the use of different multimodal displays has been investigated that give the driver attention while not overloading sensory channels. In our work, we are looking into peripheral light displays in means to present safety relevant information. In this paper, we present the results of an experiment in which a peripheral light display was used to show the distance to a closing vehicle. The display is an LED stripe, seamlessly integrated into the side door and the dashboard of the car. Two different light patterns were tested in an overtaking scenario in a driving simulator. One pattern encodes the expected time to collision to the left rear car by moving a light source towards the front left corner. The other pattern additionally adapts its brightness to a simplified model of the driver's certainty to get his or her attention in uncertain situations. In contrast to previous works, we did not focus on a warning system but on a decision aid system. We found that using the adaptive pattern led to faster decisions and therefore to a smaller probability of violating safety distances. We believe that this pattern is a good basis for patterns which are fine-tuned to individual drivers as well as better driver models.","PeriodicalId":443866,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116871665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting the visual demand of finger-touch pointing tasks in a driving context","authors":"D. Large, E. Crundall, G. Burnett, L. Skrypchuk","doi":"10.1145/2799250.2799256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799256","url":null,"abstract":"Finger-touch based interactions with capacitive touchscreen devices in cars are becoming increasingly common. As such, it is critical to understand the basic human factors of target acquisition (pointing/touching) in this context. We describe a simulator study that aims to build Fitts' Law relationships for predicting the visual demands (mean glance duration and total glance time) associated with finger-touch pointing tasks as a function of target size, location and design. The observed data show strong linear relationships between all visual demand measures and Fitts' index of difficulty, indicating that finger-touch pointing tasks conform well with the Fitts' Law model under conditions of divided attention. The derived equations are discussed in the context of designing in-vehicle touchscreen interfaces for minimal visual demand.","PeriodicalId":443866,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132700470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An investigation of augmented reality presentations of landmark-based navigation using a head-up display","authors":"A. Bolton, G. Burnett, D. Large","doi":"10.1145/2799250.2799253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799253","url":null,"abstract":"Using landmark-based navigation can greatly improve drivers' route-finding performance. Previous research in this area has tended to focus on the inclusion of text or icon-based landmark information utilising dashboard-mounted displays. In contrast, we present landmark-based navigation information using a Head-Up Display (HUD). A major issue with using landmarks for navigation is their inherent variability in quality, with many 'poor' candidates that are not easily identifiable or communicable. A proposed solution to improve the usefulness and utility of such landmarks is to highlight/enhance them using augmented reality (AR). Twenty participants undertook four drives in a driving simulator utilising an AR navigation system presented on a HUD. Participants were provided navigational instructions presented as either conventional distance-to-turn information, on-road arrows or augmented landmark information (arrow highlighting or box enclosing landmark adjacent to the required turning). Participants demonstrated significant performance improvements while using the AR landmark 'box' presentations compared to conventional distance-to-turn information, with response times and success rates enhanced by 43.1% and 26.2%, respectively. Moreover, drivers reported a significant reduction in workload when using the AR landmark 'boxes'. We conclude that there are significant benefits to providing navigational information utilising AR presentations of landmark information on a HUD.","PeriodicalId":443866,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128200589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. I. Ahmad, P. Langdon, S. Godsill, Robert Hardy, L. Skrypchuk, Richard Donkor
{"title":"Touchscreen usability and input performance in vehicles under different road conditions: an evaluative study","authors":"B. I. Ahmad, P. Langdon, S. Godsill, Robert Hardy, L. Skrypchuk, Richard Donkor","doi":"10.1145/2799250.2799284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799284","url":null,"abstract":"With the proliferation of the touchscreen technology, interactive displays are becoming an integrated part of the modern vehicle environment. However, due to road and driving conditions, the user input on such displays can be perturbed resulting in erroneous selections. This paper describes an evaluative study of the usability and input performance of in-vehicle touchscreens. The analysis is based on data collected in instrumented cars driven under various road/driving conditions. We assess the frequency of failed selection attempts, distances by which users miss the intended on-screen target and the durations of undertaken free hand pointing gestures to accomplish the selection tasks. It is shown that the road/driving conditions can notably undermine the usability of an interactive display when the user input is perturbed, e.g. due to the experienced vibrations and lateral accelerations in the vehicle. The distance between the location of an erroneous on-screen selection and the intended endpoint on the display, is closely related to the level of present in-vehicle noise. The conducted study can advise graphical user interfaces design for the vehicle environment where the user free hand pointing gestures can be subject to varying levels of perturbations.","PeriodicalId":443866,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"54 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126004795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Broy, Mengbing Guo, Stefan Schneegass, Bastian Pfleging, Florian Alt
{"title":"Introducing novel technologies in the car: conducting a real-world study to test 3D dashboards","authors":"N. Broy, Mengbing Guo, Stefan Schneegass, Bastian Pfleging, Florian Alt","doi":"10.1145/2799250.2799280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799280","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the vast majority of research on novel automotive user interface technologies is conducted in the lab, often using driving simulation. While such studies are important in early stages of the design process, we argue that ultimately studies need to be conducted in the real-world in order to investigate all aspects crucial for adoption of novel user interface technologies in commercial vehicles. In this paper, we present a case study that investigates introducing autostereoscopic 3D dashboards into cars. We report on studying this novel technology in the real world, validating and extending findings of prior simulator studies. Furthermore, we provide guidelines for practitioners and researchers to design and conduct real-world studies that minimize the risk for participants while at the same time yielding ecologically valid findings.","PeriodicalId":443866,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121545991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Meschtscherjakov, Christine Döttlinger, C. Rödel, M. Tscheligi
{"title":"ChaseLight: ambient LED stripes to control driving speed","authors":"Alexander Meschtscherjakov, Christine Döttlinger, C. Rödel, M. Tscheligi","doi":"10.1145/2799250.2799279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799279","url":null,"abstract":"In order to support drivers to maintain a predefined driving speed, we introduce ChaseLight, an in-car system that uses a programmable LED stripe mounted along the A-pillar of a car. The chase light (i.e., stripes of adjacent LEDs that are turned on and off frequently to give the illusion of lights moving along the stripe) provides ambient feedback to the driver about speed. We present a simulator based user study that uses three different types of feedback: (1) chase light with constant speed, (2) with proportional speed (i.e., chase light speed correlates with vehicle speed), and (3) with adaptive speed (i.e., chase light speed adapts to a target speed of the vehicle). Our results show that the adaptive condition is suited best to help a driver to control driving speed. The proportional speed condition resulted in a significantly slower mean speed than the baseline condition (no chase light).","PeriodicalId":443866,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122297322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Franke, Maria Trantow, M. Günther, J. Krems, Viktoria Zott, Andreas Keinath
{"title":"Advancing electric vehicle range displays for enhanced user experience: the relevance of trust and adaptability","authors":"T. Franke, Maria Trantow, M. Günther, J. Krems, Viktoria Zott, Andreas Keinath","doi":"10.1145/2799250.2799283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799283","url":null,"abstract":"Advancing range-information user interfaces towards enhanced usability is a continuous task in electric vehicle development. The objective of the present research was (1) to examine experienced trustworthiness of a typical range-information user interface, (2) to test a newly constructed trustworthiness scale, (3) to examine the relationship of experienced trustworthiness to individual usable range (i.e., comfortable range), and (4) to identify possibilities for further improvement of range-information user interfaces. Data from N = 74 participants of a large-scale electric vehicle field trial were analyzed. Results show that experienced trustworthiness of the range estimation system is related to a higher comfortable range. Moreover, users developed several suggestions on how to further improve the user interface. The results imply that perceived trustworthiness should be considered as a benchmark for evaluating range-information user interfaces and that users should have flexible options to adjust the parameters of the range estimation system.","PeriodicalId":443866,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128117770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}