Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft最新文献

{"title":"From Exception to Norm? Analysing Gated Housing in Sofia and Kiev since 1989","authors":"Christian Smigiel, Konstyantyn Mezentsev, N. Provotar","doi":"10.1553/MOEGG162S91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/MOEGG162S91","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 it is time to start a broader reflection on one of the most debated types of housing in Eastern European urban studies. Gated housing was almost unknown in the 1990s but started spreading rapidly at the end of the 2000s in different Eastern European and Post-Soviet countries. However, the 2008–2009 global financial crisis led to a sharp decrease in housing construction in general and of gated communities in particular. In recent years, housing construction as well as housing prices have increased again. Gated communities are part of this recovery. Instead of providing insights from a certain period of boom or crisis, this paper looks at three decades of housing production in general and gated communities in particular. It tries to uncover the institutional and economic background of housing development over the last 30 years. Moreover, it relates these developments to two (South)-Eastern European capital cities (Sofia and Kiev [Kyiv]) and their pathways of housing and gated community production. We focus on politico-economic and socio-spatial relationalities in these two different context conditions and scrutinise why and how gated communities emerged as well as how supply and demand changed over time. Both cases represent rather peripheral, capitalist economies concerning their national background. However, both cases are capital cities, which absorb the majority of capital investment. The polarisation and concentration of political and economic power structures lead us to discuss different actor-constellations regarding this on-going flight to privatopia, reflecting on the role of urban planning as well as glocal housing markets. Last but not least, this paper shows that gated communities are “urban assemblages” of wider processes of peripherialisation.","PeriodicalId":44373,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78803457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Martin Seger zum 80. Geburtstag","authors":"Doris Wastl-Walter","doi":"10.1553/MOEGG162S539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/MOEGG162S539","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44373,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77134219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kulturlandschaft im Wandel: Ein indikatorenbasierter Rückblick bis in das 19. Jahrhundert. Fallstudie anhand der Gemeinden Waidhofen/Ybbs und Paldau","authors":"Raphael Knevels, Alexander Brenning, Simone Gingrich, E. Gruber, Theresia Lechner, P. Leopold, Helene Petschko, Christoph Plutzar","doi":"10.1553/MOEGG162S255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/MOEGG162S255","url":null,"abstract":"Die Nutzung und die Umgestaltung von Landschaften haben sich seit Beginn der Industrialisierung stark verandert. Um die Flachenentwicklung zu erfassen und hinsichtlich nachhaltiger Raumentwicklung regelmasig zu beobachten, braucht es geeignete Mittel. Indikatorensysteme helfen, diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. Es gibt bereits zahlreiche indikatorenbasierte Informations- und Bewertungsinstrumente, die die Flachenentwicklung unter quantitativen wie qualitativen Gesichtspunkten bewerten. Diesbezugliche Untersuchungen decken allerdings aufgrund der Datenbasis haufig nur einen rezenten Zeitraum ab. Die Identifikation von auf langen historischen Zeitraumen basierenden Trends bietet die Moglichkeit, die aktuelle Situation umfassender zu kontextualisieren. In dieser Arbeit analysieren wir die Kulturlandschaftsentwicklung in zwei osterreichischen Gemeinden im Voralpenraumn bzw. im Sudostlichen Alpenvorland uber einen Zeitraum von nahezu 200 Jahren. Dazu wurden aus Katasterkarten, Luftbildern und Orthophotos konsistente, raumlich explizite Landnutzungsdatensatze fur drei Zeitschnitte (1820, 1960, 2015) erstellt. Der Fokus liegt auf der Siedlungs-, Wald- und Landwirtschaftsentwicklung, fur die raumbezogene Indikatoren aus geeigneten Indikatorensystemen zur Beobachtung nachhaltiger Raumentwicklung ausgewahlt wurden. Fur jeden Zeitschnitt wurden die Indikatoren zu einem Gesamtindex des Kulturlandschaftswandels aggregiert und anschliesend verglichen. Das verwendete Indikatorensystem eignet sich, um langfristige Trends anhand von Flachenentwicklungen darzustellen. In beiden untersuchten Gemeinden ist der Gesamtindex heute deutlich geringer als um 1820, was eine negativ gewertete Kulturlandschaftsentwicklung darstellt. Obwohl Unterschiede in den betrachteten Entwicklungspfaden bestehen, weist die Siedlungsentwicklung im Vergleich zur Wald- und zur Landwirtschaftsentwicklung in beiden Gemeinden den starksten negativen Trend auf.","PeriodicalId":44373,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87047993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Akteure und Perspektiven der Bananenwirtschaft auf La Palma","authors":"Norbert Weixlbaumer, Anna Wiplinger","doi":"10.1553/MOEGG162S313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/MOEGG162S313","url":null,"abstract":"Der Bananenanbau hat auf den westkanarischen Inseln, insbesondere auf La Palma, einen grosen Einfluss auf Bevolkerung und Kulturlandschaft. Als Alternative bzw. in Erganzung zur konventionellen Produktion etablierte sich seit Anfang der 2000er-Jahre die Bananen- Kultivierung gemas den Kriterien des Biolandbaues. Ihr liegt ein spezifisches Akteursnetzwerk zugrunde, welches in dem vorliegenden Beitrag empirisch untersucht wird. Mittels Befragungen verschiedener Personlichkeiten aus den Bereichen Produktion, Vermarktung und Administration wird – flankierend zu explorativen Beobachtungen – im Rahmen von Experteninterviews erhoben, inwiefern die beteiligten Akteure und Akteursnetzwerke die Entwicklung der Bio-Banane fordern und welche Konflikte und Kontroversen dem Netzwerk in welcher Weise Grenzen setzen. Der Ansatz der Untersuchung und deren Ergebnisauswertung wurde in die Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie und den „Follow the thing approach“ eingebettet. Damit sollte – als zentraler Zielstellung des Artikels – der Tragfahigkeitsfrage bestehender und projektierter Netzwerke nachgegangen werden konnen. Auf Basis der Erhebungen konnte analysiert werden, wie sich die existenziellen Rahmenbedingungen des Netzwerks der Bio-Banane sowohl in der Nutzung diverser Ressourcen als auch in den Akteuren selbst sowie deren wechselseitigen Verknupfungen widerspiegeln. Hinsichtlich der Zielsetzung der Akteure sind divergierende Motive und Absichten feststellbar. So stehen sich vor allem jene Akteure gegenuber, die sich aus umweltethischer Uberzeugung fur den okologischen Anbau einsetzen, und solche, die sich vorrangig okonomische Vorteile davon versprechen.","PeriodicalId":44373,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89064102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ein Leben im Gebirge – Univ.-Prof. i.R. Dr. Gernot Patzelt zum 80. Geburtstag","authors":"K. Nicolussi, Kurt Scharr","doi":"10.1553/MOEGG162S545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/MOEGG162S545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44373,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81968953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"„Biographien, Netzwerke und Mobilität“ – Nachlese zu einer internationalen und interdisziplinären Tagung 2019 an der ÖAW in Wien","authors":"Peter Rumpolt, Josef Kohlbacher","doi":"10.1553/MOEGG162S519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/MOEGG162S519","url":null,"abstract":"1 Eine internationale Tagung im Kontext eines interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekts ............ 519 2 Der erste Tagungstag – ein eher technischer Einstieg in das Thema ....................................... 520 3 Der zweite Tagungstag – interdisziplinär und multiperspektivisch ......................................... 521 4 Abschluss und Ausblick ........................................................................................................... 526 5 Literaturverzeichnis ................................................................................................................. 528","PeriodicalId":44373,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80686723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imperial Science, Unified Forces and Boundary-Work: Geographical and Geological Societies in Vienna (1850–1925)","authors":"John C. Mattes","doi":"10.1553/MOEGG162S155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/MOEGG162S155","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific societies are among the most influential modes of scientific organisation. Emerging as bourgeois associations, mainly in the second half of the nineteenth century, these societies saw themselves as communication platforms for scholars and practitioners from diverse educational backgrounds. The boom of scientific societies in the capital of the Habsburg Empire during a period of great economic upswing led to both disciplinary differentiation and an increase in membership. Associations such as the Imperial-Royal Geographical Society (1856), the Club of Geographers at the University of Vienna (1874) and the Geological Society (1907) brought together members from all the crownlands of the monarchy. At their height, these societies were among the leading European players in their field, holding and administering funds and running expeditions. The outbreak of World War One offered them new scope to innovate and adapt, but the political dynamics of its aftermath, together with the loss of financial reserves, the erosion of traditional research fields and the cessation of scientific exchange with non-German-speaking countries, ultimately caused their long-term decline. The crisis of bourgeois society in the 1920s was closely bound up with the crisis of the bourgeois scientific societies, which were increasingly dominated by state research institutions; subsequently, some of these societies became rallying points for political radicalism. Based on archival research and statistical analysis, this paper will examine the correlation of scientific and political processes between 1850 and 1925 and their impact on the empire’s geoscientific research landscape. Particular attention will be paid to (1) the relationship between associations, state and public in the context of imperial statehood, bourgeois self-empowerment and disciplinary transformations, and (2) the impact of regime change, territorial reconfiguration and social upheaval on the societies’ practices of knowledge production and dissemination after 1914.","PeriodicalId":44373,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80900638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wie entstehen Abtragungsflächen? Reliefverebnung durch Pedimentation. Entwicklungen in der deutschen Geologie und Geographie","authors":"A. Skowronek","doi":"10.1553/MOEGG162S211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/MOEGG162S211","url":null,"abstract":"Fliesendes Wasser ebnet Relief im Wesentlichen durch Einschneidung in Gerinnen und Rinnen sowie durch anschliesende Seitenerosion oder Pedimentation ein. Entscheidende Faktoren sind das Gefalle des Oberflachenabflusses und die Resistenz der Erdoberflache (Substrat, Vegetation). Ein Gang durch die deutsche Forschungsgeschichte zeigt, dass Pedimentation als Teil der Hangentwicklung aufgefasst werden muss. Nur einmal wurde die Kontinuitat physikalisch-geomorphologischen Denkens mittels semantischer Modellierung unterbrochen und „Seitendenudation“ durch „Arbeitsboden“ begrundet. Ein physikalisch basiertes Modell des Oberflachenabflusses hat diesen semantischen Exzess aber uberwunden und die Pedimentation wieder in den Hangentwicklungsprozess integriert. Talbodenpedimentation ist Seitenerosion in Gerinnen infolge Basisstau, Hangpedimentation ist summierte Talbodenpedimentation in Rinnen. Das Zusammenwachsen von Hangpedimenten nennt man Pediplanation, das von Talbodenpedimenten kann Panplainbildung genannt werden.","PeriodicalId":44373,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83002113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global City Mirage: Depoliticising Urban Transformation in Belgrade and Tirana","authors":"Hend Aly","doi":"10.1553/MOEGG162S43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/MOEGG162S43","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses global city aspirations as a mirage which Belgrade and Tirana are continuously trying to attain. Catching this mirage is the guiding rationale of urban transformations in the two cities. Importantly, I argue that peripherality and the aspirations to be more central legitimise certain urban governance strategies, specifically depoliticising urban transformation. The article demonstrates that eventually depoliticisation strategies backfire and, instead, lead to further peripheralisation. Hence, the study explores the relation between peripheralisation and depoliticising urban transformation in Belgrade and Tirana as cities which employ their urban transformation to catch up with global cities. It empirically explores this relation through analysing governance discourses and practices of two megaprojects, the Belgrade Waterfront (BWF) and the New National Theatre in Tirana. The analysis addresses three main questions, the first one is on the nature of depoliticisation and how it is practiced, while the second and the third questions tackle the entangled relation between depoliticisation and peripheralisation. Conceptually, the article draws on the scholarly debates on the concepts of peripheralisation and depoliticisation. The research is mainly based on semi-structured interviews with state officials, experts and activists, observations, project related official and branding documents and official statements. Fieldtrips were organised to Belgrade and Tirana in winter 2018–2019 and summer 2019.","PeriodicalId":44373,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82940006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Metropolitan Regions – Evidence from Belgrade","authors":"Z. Živanović, B. Tošić, D. Gataric","doi":"10.1553/MOEGG162S439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/MOEGG162S439","url":null,"abstract":"The paper seeks to identify and assess the polarising, indirect and direct favourable influence of Belgrade, as the capital and the largest city in Serbia, in the development of settlements and centres within its administrative area, i.e. the territory administratively named the City of Belgrade. The paper includes an analysis of demographic trends, including commuting trends, and the functional and morphological changes in the settlements of the Belgrade region between 1971 and 2011. Various analytical and synthetic methods have been used to assess the investigated territory’s degree of transformation, including both positive effects and the negative consequences of the impact of various factors. Suburban areas are not clearly delimited. Belgrade’s urban area is not marked by social segregation. The initial hypothesis that the Belgrade region underwent a complex and multifaceted transformation has been confirmed, which will significantly determine future planning solutions, especially as regards the identified causes of the transformation, the factors of which have not been significantly changed in the transition, post-socialist period. The appropriateness of development planning measures and governing policies in this area is of crucial importance for the country as a whole.","PeriodicalId":44373,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81064794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}