CRITICAL QUARTERLY最新文献_第4页

Intelligence 情报

IF 0.2 4区文学

CRITICAL QUARTERLY Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/criq.12756

Holly Yanacek

{"title":"Intelligence","authors":"Holly Yanacek","doi":"10.1111/criq.12756","DOIUrl":"10.1111/criq.12756","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual, not intelligence, was the headword in Raymond Williams's Keywords (1976, 1983).1 In the early twenty-first century, despite discussions of the rise of anti-intellectualism in the United States and in other places around the world, intelligence is the more complex and contested term. The meaning of the word intelligence has changed over the past six centuries in response to social, political, scientific and technological shifts. Since its introduction into English, intelligence has undergone a process of semantic broadening, becoming at once more generalised while also gaining specialised meanings in a variety of contexts from psychology and education to international security and computer science.The origins of the noun intelligence can be traced to French intelligence and Latin intellegentia. Its earliest sense in English, ‘Faculty of understanding; intellect’, dates to the late fourteenth century and remains active today. The synonym intellect, a borrowing from Latin intellectus, was also first attested in the late fourteenth century. According to the OED, intellect is defined as ‘That faculty, or sum of faculties, of the mind or soul by which a person knows and reasons; power of thought; understanding’, and it is often distinguished from sensation, imagination and will.In addition to denoting the mental faculty of an individual, intelligence also encompassed ‘The action or fact of mentally apprehending something; understanding, knowledge, comprehension (of something)’ from the mid-fifteenth century onwards. This expanded meaning enabled the word to describe the acquisition of knowledge across various fields of study, as well as the capacities of non-human entities.Already around the time of the word's borrowing into English in the late fourteenth century, intelligence referred to an intelligent or rational spiritual being outside the human realm, such as an angel, a spirit or extraterrestrial life. This sense of intelligence recalls the 1816 coinage intelligent design, which describes deliberate design in the natural world attributed to an intelligent entity often identified as God. More recently, confusion has arisen over the distinction between the theory of Intelligent Design (ID), whose proponents claim is based on empirical evidence, and creationism, which is based on religious texts and teachings, particularly in the context of discussions about whether evolution and intelligent design should be taught in state-funded schools.Intelligence took on a measurable aspect from the mid-fifteenth century, denoting ‘Understanding as a quality admitting of degree; spec. quickness or superiority of understanding, sagacity’. This idea that intelligence can be quantified and compared in terms of scope, depth or speed of understanding is most evident i","PeriodicalId":44341,"journal":{"name":"CRITICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"66 3","pages":"101-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/criq.12756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138495770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Notes on contributors 贡献者说明

IF 0.2 4区文学

CRITICAL QUARTERLY Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/criq.12753

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A Revolution of the Screw: Peripheralising Europe 螺丝革命:欧洲外围化

IF 0.2 4区文学

CRITICAL QUARTERLY Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/criq.12751

Peter Boxall

{"title":"A Revolution of the Screw: Peripheralising Europe","authors":"Peter Boxall","doi":"10.1111/criq.12751","DOIUrl":"10.1111/criq.12751","url":null,"abstract":"Can the documents of the west, Walter Benjamin's famous ‘documents of civilization’, help us to understand and articulate the peripheralisation, the provincialisation, of the west?1 If we are at a moment, as Hamid Dabashi has recently put it, at which ‘“Europe” […] has exhausted its epistemic possibilities and has now positively imploded into itself’, can a European literary and cultural tradition shed any light on this implosion, or look to a refigured global scene that emerges from it?2I will address this question here by attending to a faint echo that can be heard, passing between two of Henry James's later novels, The Ambassadors (1903) and The Golden Bowl (1904), an echo that reaches to our own time, and to the contemporary moment at which we are required to assess, again, the relation between barbarism and civilisation.This is a glancing reference to Keats's sonnet, but its significance deepens, as Adrian Poole, Bart Eeckhout, and Gert Buelens have noted, when this moment in The Ambassadors finds an echo in a related moment in The Golden Bowl.10 Keats's sonnet stirs in The Ambassadors at the critical moment of Strether's discovery, and it is at a similarly significant turning point in The Golden Bowl that the sonnet appears again, this time much more forcibly. The Golden Bowl, like The Ambassadors, is concerned, above all, with the relation between America and Europe, and with the means by which an emerging American culture draws on and reconstitutes a European aesthetic, political, and intellectual history. Strether is the figure, in The Ambassadors, for this hinge or fulcrum between two cultural powers – dominance passing from the Old World to the New, as westward the course of empire makes its way. As Adrian Poole has pointed out, Strether's name suggests his predicament, his being stretched between one structure of knowing and the other – a stretching which, as Clare Pettitt has suggested, runs against the opposite experience of tethering which is also carried in Strether's name.11 In The Golden Bowl, the figure for this transfer of cultural power is the unimaginably wealthy art collector Adam Verver, whose name suggests not stretching or tethering but veering (with perhaps a distant echo of Melville's Captain Vere, another veerer).12 The adultery plot around which the novel turns – Adam Verver and his daughter Maggie are each married to rarefied specimens (the beautiful American Charlotte Stant and the Italian nobleman Prince Amerigo respectively), who, we are led to understand, are having an affair with each other – is orchestrated by Verver through his activities as a collector of European art. Verver purchases Prince Amerigo for his daughter, as a kind of gift, as he purchases Charlotte as a gift for himself. He regards them both as what he calls ‘human acquisitions’, and consistently describe","PeriodicalId":44341,"journal":{"name":"CRITICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"65 4","pages":"59-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/criq.12751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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‘Shut Your Eyes and See’: Time, Ekphrasis and Enargeia in James Joyce's Ulysses 闭上眼睛看"：詹姆斯-乔伊斯《尤利西斯》中的时间、咏叹调与恩纳吉亚

IF 0.2 4区文学

CRITICAL QUARTERLY Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1111/criq.12750

Francis Haran

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The Rescue Plot: Maritime Encounter and the Borders of Europe 营救情节:海上遭遇和欧洲边界

IF 0.2 4区文学

CRITICAL QUARTERLY Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/criq.12743

Chloe Howe Haralambous

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An Irish Childhood in the City of London 《伦敦金融城的爱尔兰童年

IF 0.2 4区文学

CRITICAL QUARTERLY Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/criq.12742

Colin MacCabe

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Matter 事

IF 0.2 4区文学

CRITICAL QUARTERLY Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1111/criq.12752

Colin MacCabe

引用次数: 0

CHE CHE

IF 0.2 4区文学

CRITICAL QUARTERLY Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1111/criq.12749

Matthew Sperling

{"title":"CHE","authors":"Matthew Sperling","doi":"10.1111/criq.12749","DOIUrl":"10.1111/criq.12749","url":null,"abstract":"2010. Leafy mid-October in a university town. Early evening. Forty academics sitting in a ring for the Autumn Term meeting of CHE, the Campaign for Higher Education. ‘Hi, I'm Florence, I'm a Stipendiary Lecturer in Philosophy at Whichcote College and I'm also social media officer for CHE’. The introductions take five or six minutes. The Chair, a Racine scholar, speaks about developments during the summer vacation. The CHE response to the government White Paper was uploaded onto the Public University website. The successful proposal of a no-confidence vote in the Minister for Universities, David Willetts, received an encouraging amount of media coverage. Florence finds herself distracted from the Chair's remarks by a money spider that appears at the edge of her field of vision. It seems to be spinning a web between her fringe and the side of her head: putting out silk, abseiling from it while it guides the lines of the web – what are they called, Florence wonders, is it ‘radicals’, or ‘radials’? – with an extraordinarily delicate touch, as if it were trying to cocoon her head. Florence remembers that the word gossamer comes from ‘goose’ and ‘summer’, but why is that again – something to do with goose down, how light and wispy it is? The Chair has finished speaking and working group leaders are now making their reports. Florence smooths her hand over her hair and reports the number of Twitter and Facebook followers she has gained in the past three months. The Gladstone Professor of English thanks the Chair and the groups for their endeavours. The Chair thanks him back and asks if anyone has any other business. No hands come up. They should carry on lobbying their media contacts then, the Chair says, and getting the message out. Everyone leaves and goes their separate ways. Florence makes her way back through the college grounds alone.She joined CHE the previous academic year. When the government's plans to cut university funding were announced, she rearranged tutorials so some of her students could travel to London to join the protests; she ran a discussion group on the theme ‘Historicising Solidarity’ (which was not her choice of title); she discussed Stefan Collini's London Review of Books essays on universities at dinner parties. When she saw her students again, she was rather jealous that she hadn't been there with them occupying Millbank. She signed the open letter to the Independent, urging caution on the government. And yet a sinking feeling set in, not just that this was all doomed from the start (which was true), but that it was a kind of play-acting. For every triumphant speech, every rousing action, a new blow fell. Government policy was decided before the White Paper had even been published; her university immediately decided to charge the maximum tuition fees of £9,000 per year, and it had been decided already that this was going to come into force in 2012. All the campaigning, all the brilliant analyses ","PeriodicalId":44341,"journal":{"name":"CRITICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"66 3","pages":"72-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/criq.12749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Afterword to the Critical Quarterly Special Issue ‘Peripheral Europes’ 《欧洲外围》关键季刊特刊后记

IF 0.2 4区文学

CRITICAL QUARTERLY Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/criq.12747

Timothy Garton Ash

{"title":"Afterword to the Critical Quarterly Special Issue ‘Peripheral Europes’","authors":"Timothy Garton Ash","doi":"10.1111/criq.12747","DOIUrl":"10.1111/criq.12747","url":null,"abstract":"After reading this set of fascinating essays in cultural-political analysis, one is left with an overwhelming question: Is there any Europe that is not peripheral? Is Europe actually the continent where everything, everywhere and everyone is liminal? If so, has not Critical Quarterly brilliantly subverted its own special issue title ‘Peripheral Europes’?Tempting though it is to pursue this conceit, the sober truth is that most but not all of Europe sees itself, secretly fears itself and/or is seen by some other Europeans as peripheral, in one way or another. Witness the fact that there are few European countries in which people do not talk about ‘Europe’ as being, in some contexts, somewhere where they are not, but usually (unless they are British Eurosceptics) want to be. Logically, I cannot be in X and going to X at the same time, but this is the European condition. Today's Ukrainians, for example, insist passionately that their country belongs at the heart of Europe yet also habitually talk about going ‘to Europe’ when they cross their western frontier.Perhaps France alone has no doubt that it is fully and in all respects in Europe. In fact, France tends to believe that it is Europe. Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands also have few doubts about their European belonging. Together with Germany, they constitute something that most Europeans recognise (albeit reluctantly) as some kind of a core Europe. This is, roughly speaking, the territory of Charlemagne's empire that coincided, twelve centuries later, with the bounds of the original European Economic Community. Here has been a persistent, although never exclusive, geographical locus of European economic, political and cultural power. Projects of European unification have usually gone out from here.Yet even Germany has in the past had major doubts about its full European belonging, witness the endless post-1989 reiteration of Thomas Mann's post-World War II observation that Germans should aspire to create a European Germany, not a German Europe. Indeed, in the tensions between its own western and eastern parts (where the geographical location and ascribed character of ‘the East’ has itself changed across history), Germany exhibits some of the internal schizophrenia that Gabriele Lazzari analyses in the relationship between the north and south of Italy. ‘Asia begins at the Elbe’, Konrad Adenauer is reputed to have quipped.Nonetheless, it is the central, eastern, south-eastern and southern parts of Europe (those apparently simple geographical terms themselves being the subject of constant redefinition) that most clearly at once challenge and exemplify the multiple dichotomies of what Daniella Gáti nicely describes as the Empire of the Binary. West/East, North/South, centre/periphery, coloniser/colonised, Christian/pagan – all these binaries are at once present and subverted in these parts.Gáti reminds us that early twen","PeriodicalId":44341,"journal":{"name":"CRITICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"65 4","pages":"102-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/criq.12747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Yours truly saying with an invisible voice’: W. S. Graham's Smalltalk “你用一种看不见的声音真诚地说”:w·s·格雷厄姆的闲谈

IF 0.2 4区文学

CRITICAL QUARTERLY Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/criq.12745

Jack Barron

{"title":"‘Yours truly saying with an invisible voice’: W. S. Graham's Smalltalk","authors":"Jack Barron","doi":"10.1111/criq.12745","DOIUrl":"10.1111/criq.12745","url":null,"abstract":"Glou. I haue a Letter guessingly set downe2Say you want to send a letter. Easy: sign, seal, deliver (it's yours/theirs). But also say you're a poet, and one that's given close – occasionally obsessive – attention to the troubles of communication, and you understand language, even at its most off-handedly practical, as an obstacle as much as a vehicle. W. S. Graham is such a poet, and, for him, posting a letter was no simple matter. His poem ‘Letter X’, for instance, designates such a text ‘Our obstacle in common’, run through with personal signature but subject to the same stumbles as any written word.3 The contours of genre – the line that separates and connects letter and poem – are routinely pressed upon and disturbed by his writing: he treads tentatively along the fraught hyphen of a poem-letter, simultaneously blurring and keenly sharpening their distinctions. Or else, their forms get complexly imbricated, as letters suddenly delineate, becoming, for a turn, verse; or, elsewhere, poems take on the formal qualities of epistle, confusing the varying registers and timbres of private or public voice. As Angela Leighton puts it, ‘the urgent sense of an addressee is never far from Graham's poetic consciousness’.4Graham, in other words, was well versed in letters and vice versa. And the letter is a form worth complicating, because, as Hermione Lee writes, ‘If you are using a letter in a biography, you must recognize the dangerousness of enlisting such a performance, and you must have some idea of what the performance entails’; and that ‘Of course literary autobiography can be read just as data of the life; but it is also evidence of what mattered to the subject, and a form of self-dramatisation or disguise’.5 Graham's genre-skipping words increase such dangers considerably, because his forms of ‘self-dramatisation and disguise’ extend to his most personal – and, as we'll see, most heartfelt – interactions. So, this article wishes to think through the problem of Graham's minute deceptions and micromanagement of his friends and readers, and how this occurs in his letters and letter-like poems. I'm terming this way of writing, of using the letter's unassumingness to enact kinds of control (both personal and critical), Graham's smalltalk – and Graham's talk can be small to the point of vanishing altogether.So, the implicatory force of a speech-act, however tiny, is at least in part established by breaking unwritten rules and using unuttered ways of speaking that guide our personal social dependencies. Graham will often carry across letter-chatter, as well as the generic features of a missive, into his poetry. By tacking back and forth like this, and by redrawing their edges as overlaps, he makes the social formalities of letters into a pointed structure of verse. He employs a classic sign-off in his poem ‘Wynter and the Grammarsow’, whose title partially addresses his painter-fr","PeriodicalId":44341,"journal":{"name":"CRITICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"65 4","pages":"105-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/criq.12745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135900310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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