Colonial Latin American Review最新文献

{"title":"Trumped by politics: Pedro Antonio de Cossío, the merchant who ruled New Spain","authors":"María Bárbara Zepeda Cortés","doi":"10.1080/10609164.2022.2147308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2022.2147308","url":null,"abstract":"The Anglo-Spanish war of 1779–1783 within the context of the American Revolution challenged New Spain more intensely than previous imperial wars. As never before, the Spanish Crown pressured its wealthiest viceroyalty to financially support the war effort. The rule of interim viceroy Martín de Mayorga coincides with those critical years, but another figure, Pedro Antonio de Cossío, was the person in charge of controlling New Spain’s finances. Cossío’s brief tenure as superintendente de real hacienda (superintendent of the royal treasury) was anomalous in many senses and, for that reason, historians have misunderstood it. First, the Crown justified his tenure as a war emergency measure, but his appointment was a direct assault on the viceregal office as it dispossessed the incumbent viceroy from all his administrative economic powers. Cossío effectively displaced Mayorga as the main decision maker in the viceroyalty. Second, his position was secret, known only to four persons, including Cossío. To mask his covert office, the Crown appointed him publicly to the posts of intendente del ejército (army intendant) and secretary to the viceroy. Third, in addition to being an experienced royal official, Cossío was a rich transatlantic merchant. His contemporaries observed how a businessman now had equal or more power than the viceroy and began to denounce him as a corrupt despot. The perceived erasure of a line between the public and the private at such a high level of government led to Cossío’s political disgrace through a series of scandals and coordinated attacks from Bourbon reformers like him who accused him of favoritism toward his paisanos (fellow countrymen) and of creating a state-run monopoly of wheat trade that benefitted his family’s merchant house. His abrupt fall from power did not matter to the Crown, however, because the merchant-bureaucrat had served his purpose. While in power, the ruthlessly efficient Cossío orchestrated the collection and shipment out of the viceroyalty of tens of millions of silver pesos that sealed Britain’s military defeat in 1783. Moreover, at a time of great social discontent in Spanish America, Cossío had forced economic growth and drained the viceroyalty’s finances without provoking popular upheavals. Cossío’s virtual rule of New Spain has not entirely eluded the eye of historians, but his fall from power has served as a distraction for scholars who rush to dismiss his administrative role in the 1779–1783 period as merely an aberration. He is judged as ‘talented but erratic’ (Deans-Smith 1992, 83); inflexible, rude, and psychologically impaired to do","PeriodicalId":44336,"journal":{"name":"Colonial Latin American Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"549 - 572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47071506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on ‘material histories’ and the archaeology of slavery in Peru","authors":"Brendan J. M. Weaver","doi":"10.1080/10609164.2022.2147311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2022.2147311","url":null,"abstract":"The tendency toward material-focused history is not a recent turn in any discipline. Cer-tainly, the concern for multiple lines of material evidence for approximating the past has been the central drive for historical archaeology since the 1960s, especially in North America (e.g","PeriodicalId":44336,"journal":{"name":"Colonial Latin American Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"591 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45258743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empire of eloquence: the classical rhetorical tradition in colonial Latin America and the Iberian world","authors":"Sean F. McEnroe","doi":"10.1080/10609164.2022.2147730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2022.2147730","url":null,"abstract":"methods that Hernando employed in ordering his collection that the authors reconstruct from his bibliographic records, most notably the Registrum A or Memorial de los libros naufragados, a catalogue of the more than 1,500 books that he had sent back to Spain via ship during his shopping spree through Germany, the Netherlands, and Italy but were lost at sea. Chapter Five tells the fate of the library after Hernando’s death, when it was moved out of the villa, first to the Dominican convent of San Pablo and then, in 1557 to the Biblioteca Capitular in the Cathedral of Seville, where it remains to this day. For the most part, it’s a rather melancholy story about the gradual loss of approximately half of the collection due to theft, neglect, and abuse before it was placed under the guardianship of the Fundación Capitular Colombina, newly created by the archdiocese of Seville and the Cathedral Chapter in 1991. The book concludes with five appendices of extremely useful primary documents, translated into English, including the Memoria by Juan Pérez, one of Hernando’s librarians and steward of the library after his death; Hernando’s will as well as a proposal to King Ferdinand for an expedition of circumnavigation; his appointment at the Casa de Contratación; and his Memorial al Emperador. Overall, this meticulously researched and very readable book makes an important contribution to early modern studies, as well as to the history of knowledge and information technology more broadly by reclaiming Hernando Colón as a pioneer in the early modern revolution of knowledge. Indeed, as the authors point out, Hernando’s collection ‘predates most of the works that are usually acknowledged as agents of these changes’ (194). As such, it will be indispensable reading for book historians, historians of science, and early modernists alike.","PeriodicalId":44336,"journal":{"name":"Colonial Latin American Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"620 - 622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41889764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodizing things","authors":"Tiffany C. Fryer","doi":"10.1080/10609164.2022.2147310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2022.2147310","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of ‘material histories’ unfolding in recent scholarship does not just offer a new term for an old idea. While inspired by the works of scholars like Sidney Mintz (1985), Igor Kopytoff (1986), and Michel-Rolph Trouillot (1995), we appear to be entering an intellectual moment characterized by a rekindled attention to how following materials might offer a productively different perspective on history that extends beyond concerns about production, consumption, and commodification—or the material confirmation of text-based historical narratives. These newer strands of scholarship (see Stahl 2010; Joyce 2012; Joyce and Gillespie 2015; Stoler 2016; Bauer 2021) aim to produce more than just histories of materials. Instead, contemporary material histories simultaneously show how material culture becomes bound up in lived socio-historical processes and how historical accounts are themselves material (Stahl 2010). They approach ‘materiality not as stuff, but as medium’ (Joyce 2015b, 188)—the traces through which the enmeshed worlds of humans and nonhumans can be gleaned. What is more, a material histories approach views space, time, and matter as coproductive. Because ‘spatial stories are also temporal’ (Joyce 2015a, 23), to speak of materials in this way is to presume that they occupy a certain spatiality and temporality. Much scholarship since Kopytoff’s foundational essay, ‘The cultural biography of things,’ positions the material world as comparable to the human world: materials can be said to be birthed, to live, and to die. But as Rosemary Joyce contends, approaching materials biographically misrepresents the trajectories of nonhuman things in the world. She argues that instead of focusing on the anthropomorphic construct of biographies we ought to shift our perspective to consider what she calls object itineraries. This approach is open-ended and multidirectional, viewing objects holistically by reaching back to consider the matter from which they were formed and reaching forward to consider the transformations they have and might yet undergo (Joyce 2015b; Bauer 2019, 341–46). While it might seem that this approach is most relevant for conventionally portable objects, it applies to all worldly phenomena and their material extensions (Joyce 2015b, 183–84). To attend to an object’s itinerary—or its ‘route’—is to trace its whereabouts and activities through time and space. Thus, even things that move less through space than through time (such as buildings) can be approached within the itineraries framework. ‘Even when we cannot be sure of the entire route,’ Joyce tells us, ‘seeking to trace a thing’s itineraries forces us to ask where it came from and","PeriodicalId":44336,"journal":{"name":"Colonial Latin American Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"580 - 590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42657469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Towards a material history of Colonial Latin America","authors":"Noa Corcoran-Tadd","doi":"10.1080/10609164.2022.2147309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2022.2147309","url":null,"abstract":"Colonial historians of Latin American have made specific and sustained turns to the material, the environmental, and the animal over the last three decades (e.g. Candiani 2014; Few and Tortorici 2013; Thurner and Pimentel 2021). Latin American historical archaeology—with its attention to these same domains—also came of age during this same period, with a genuine explosion in research on the colonial period over the past several decades in Mexico, the Caribbean, the Andes, the Cono Sur, and Brazil (e.g. Fernández Dávila and Gómez Serafín 1998; Funari and Senatore 2015; VanValkenburgh et al. 2016; Van Buren 2010). Enduring questions concerning subalternity, literacy, and the active suppression of historical voices and material traces remain central to how we understand the region’s colonial history, questions that have challenged many to seek out alternative (and indeed non-textual) archives. And yet—despite persistent calls for interdisciplinary exchange—the past few decades of research on colonial Latin America have also often been characterized by a lack of sustained engagement and dialog across many of the traditional disciplinary boundaries. Much of the new work in Latin American historical archaeology has tended to proceed without clear and sustained engagements with contemporary research in neighboring historical fields (partly as a result of the persistent emphasis on precolonial periods in university curricula). At the same time, colonial historians in the region making the turns to materials, animals, and the environment often remain unaware of parallel research in archaeology and material culture studies, running risks of reinventing the wheel or at least missing key opportunities for knowledge sharing. There are, of course, exceptions that point towards more promising modes of reading, research, and collaboration. One example that stands out in this respect is the nexus of recent scholarship surrounding the early colonial project of Indigenous resettlement in the central Andes (reducciones de indios) that began in the late sixteenth century, with archaeologists (Quilter 2010; VanValkenburgh 2021; Wernke 2007) and historians (Mumford 2012; Saito and Rosas Lauro 2017) entering into a productive dialog that runs counter to wider tendencies of mutual ignorance. Notably, this research builds upon even wider disciplinary foundations, exploring questions previously posed by historical geographers (Gade and Escobar 1982) and art historians (Cummins 2002) concerning the material processes and legacies of sixteenth-century resettlement in the","PeriodicalId":44336,"journal":{"name":"Colonial Latin American Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"573 - 579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48940931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing the Spanish empire in Havana. State slavery in defense and development, 1762–1835","authors":"Jorge Felipe Gonzalez","doi":"10.1080/10609164.2022.2104048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2022.2104048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44336,"journal":{"name":"Colonial Latin American Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"465 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44839932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pauper’s paradise: Franciscan perspectives on American diets in sixteenth-century New Spain","authors":"Marlis Hinckley","doi":"10.1080/10609164.2022.2104038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2022.2104038","url":null,"abstract":"The first Spaniards to arrive in the Americas, friars and sailors alike, lost no time in learning about American diets. Fifteenthand sixteenth-century writings record Europeans’ initial attempts to make sense of the continent’s diverse flora through comparisons to familiar foodstuffs, as well as prompt introduction of European species and the reverse transport of American plants to Spain (Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés 2016, 91, 97– 106; Martire d’Anghiera 1998, 46, 69; Fernández de Navarrete 1922, 250). Over the course of the sixteenth century, shifts in diet would provoke changes in ecology, medicine, and natural history that would lay the foundation for a new colony (Earle 2012; Crosby 2003, esp. ch. 3; Sluyter 1996; Melville 1994). While some Spanish interest in American foodways was born of necessity, recent scholarship has highlighted the role of other cultural factors in shaping how American cultivars and practices were seen by the new arrivals (Delbourgo and Dew 2008; Schiebinger and Swan 2005; Schiebinger 2005; Gómez 2017). In New Spain, particularly in central Mexico, religion played a central role. This area was one of the first zones of sustained contact between Europeans and Americans; many of the Spaniards on the front lines there were Observant Franciscan missionaries who brought with them their own thinking on how diet affected both physical health and spiritual well-being. The missions they built were hubs of knowledge exchange where the friars introduced European foods and medicines while also drawing heavily on indigenous expertise about these topics (Tucker and Janick 2020). Consequently, some of the earliest European texts about American plants were written at these Franciscan missions (Gimmel 2008). The Franciscan discourse about diet in central Mexico marked a continuation of medieval discussions within the Order about food’s relationship with the human body, the commonwealth, and a virtuous lifestyle. In fifteenth-century Europe, food was central to healthcare and religious practice, and one’s spiritual and physical health depended on eating the right things at the right times. Spanish regimen sanitatis literature extolled the virtues of moderation for bodily health, recommending a well-balanced diet based around bread, meat, and wine; from a religious perspective, fasting and abstention were seen as key to the refinement of one’s soul. Abstention was particularly characteristic of the Observant branch of the order, which over the preceding decades had separated from the Conventual branch of the same by privileging an ascetic vision of the holy life that emphasized the value of absolute poverty (Turley 2016, 1–3; Milhou 1983; Roest","PeriodicalId":44336,"journal":{"name":"Colonial Latin American Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"411 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46968542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sucesión y renovación del cuerpo de la monarquía: las representaciones de Felipe V y la familia real en Nueva España durante la Guerra de Sucesión","authors":"Frances L. Ramos, Iván Escamilla González","doi":"10.1080/10609164.2022.2104037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2022.2104037","url":null,"abstract":"Carlos II de España murió el 1 de noviembre de 1700. En marzo de 1701 un navío arribó a Nueva España llevando no solo la cédula con la noticia de su fallecimiento, sino también al nuevo rey español, ‘si no en el original, en su real copia.’ De hecho el navío de aviso había traído lo que una relación impresa de la época describió como finos retratos grabados del rey (Mendieta Rebollo 1701, 2). Estos sirvieron a sus súbditos como una primera presentación del primer Borbón de España. De conformidad con el propósito del abuelo del nuevo rey, el monarca francés Luis XIV, quien parece haber buscado que la última voluntad de Carlos II expresada en su testamento se materializase a través de la imagen del joven príncipe francés, se procuró que la noticia de la sucesión circulase por las Indias acompañada de buenos ejemplares de su retrato (Navarro García 1979, 132–35). Menos de un mes después, otra imagen del rey se ofreció a la veneración de los súbditos, pero esta vez se trataba de una semejanza de la persona regia de naturaleza espectacular. Como si se tratase del telón de un teatro, listo para una gran representación, un rico dosel ornado de ‘recamados, y bordaduras, y debajo una Corona grande de Oro sentada sobre dos mundos,’ acompañado a los lados de dos esculturas que alegorizaban a Castilla y a las Indias con sus atavíos tradicionales, se colocó detrás de un tablado con asientos dispuestos para las principales autoridades del reino bajo el balcón principal del palacio virreinal en la ciudad de México. Todo este ‘aparato’ se había levantado para dar lugar ante él a la solemne ceremonia en la plaza mayor de México durante la cual los súbditos novohispanos habrían de cumplir con el tradicional ritual de la ‘jura’ por aclamación de Felipe V como nuevo monarca de España y de las Indias. Era habitual que en el dosel del tablado ante el que se celebraba la jura se colocase sobre un trono receptor la efigie real, pero las circunstancias peculiares de ese momento—nada menos que la inauguración de una nueva dinastía en el trono hispánico— convencieron a los organizadores del acto de la necesidad de hacer un esfuerzo especial que acrecentase entre los asistentes el sentimiento de presencia del soberano. Así, ‘en el más eminente lugar,’ es decir, sobre el propio balcón central del palacio, se colocó un aparato especial que producía la ilusión de las gradas de un trono, y sobre él, dándole un realce aún mayor, el retrato del monarca, pintado por Juan Rodríguez Juárez (1675–1728), joven y","PeriodicalId":44336,"journal":{"name":"Colonial Latin American Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"381 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42493441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese objects in New Spain: nanban art and beyond","authors":"Sonia I. Ocaña Ruiz, Rie Arimura","doi":"10.1080/10609164.2022.2104033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2022.2104033","url":null,"abstract":"Between the 1550s and 1650s, Japan, Portugal and Spanish America played a leading role in artistic globalization, which led to the wide circulation of Japanese objects, both in the Iberian Peninsula and in Spanish America. Between 1544 and 1571, Portuguese merchants and Jesuits established trading ports in Goa, Macau and Nagasaki, creating an intra-Asian network. In 1565, the Spanish settlement in Cebu, as well as the discovery of the return route across the Pacific, coincided with the fact that the Ming dynasty loosened its ban on maritime trade in 1567, allowing Chinese merchants to engage in commercial activity. The Spanish trade route between Manila and Acapulco was launched in 1573. Once the port of Nagasaki was open to trade exchange with Portugal in 1571, ‘The Portuguese became essential agents in the trade between China, Japan, and India, on one hand, and the Philippines, on the other’ (GaschTomás 2019, 58). In turn, material evidence and documents testify to the circulation, consumption, and adaptation of Asian commodities in the Americas, whose role in these processes has long been underestimated. Dobado (2014) and Gasch-Tomás (2019) are among the recent scholars who have demonstrated New Spain’s central position in the making of connections between the Spanish Empire and Asia during the late sixteenth to early seventeenth centuries. This led to the ‘greater commoditisation of Asian goods in the viceroyalty of New Spain than in Castile’ from 1580 to 1630 (Gasch-Tomás 2019, 42). But even into the eighteenth century, a large number of Japanese porcelain pieces circulated in New Spain, proof that Japanese-Spanish American artistic relations were complex throughout the colonial period. In 1614, the shogunate banned Christianity and expelled Catholics from Japan, closing itself off in 1639, yet leaving some ports open to international trade. Under these conditions, how did Japanese goods continue to circulate in the Americas after 1640? They must have been transported by Manila-Acapulco galleons. But since neither the Portuguese nor the Spanish could land in Japanese territories, it is possible to propose different routes: 1) the Dutch transported commodities to Batavia, and then Chinese merchants took them to Manila; 2) Chinese traders carried Japanese goods from","PeriodicalId":44336,"journal":{"name":"Colonial Latin American Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"327 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47886034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patchwork freedoms. Law, slavery and race beyond Cuba's plantations","authors":"A. García","doi":"10.1080/10609164.2022.2104049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2022.2104049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44336,"journal":{"name":"Colonial Latin American Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"467 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44143635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}