{"title":"Optimal Influence Under Observational Learning","authors":"Nikolas Tsakas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2449420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2449420","url":null,"abstract":"We study the optimal targeting problem of a firm that seeks to maximize the diffusion of a product in a society where agents learn from their neighbors. The firm can seed the product to a subset of the population and our goal is to find which is the optimal subset to target. We provide a condition that characterizes the optimal targeting strategy for any network structure. The key parameter in this condition is the agents' decay centrality, which takes into account how close an agent is to others, in a way that distant agents are weighted less than closer ones.","PeriodicalId":443127,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Marketing eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131258966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conspicuous Consumption on the Long Tail: How Can Luxury Brands Benefit from Counterfeits?","authors":"Pinar Yildirim, Z. Liu, Z. J. Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2848511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2848511","url":null,"abstract":"We study how luxury brands can use product line expansion as a strategy when facing a threat from the counterfeit market. Consumers who are status-conscious consider the bene\u001cfits and costs of buying luxury items in order to strengthen the beliefs of others about their status. Our \u001cfindings suggest that product line expansion strategy serves these high-end consumers and their motives to strengthen their status image. In a market with counterfeiters, consumers have an incentive to buy additional products in order to reduce the uncertainty of their status signals. Increasing consumption makes it harder for others to imitate status when authentic brands signal quality and status with higher precision compared to counterfeits. Since each luxury item purchased contributes to one's status in a marginally declining fashion, it is rational for a luxury brand to expand its product line such that it maintains its core product and introduces peripheral products with lower status signalling benefi\u001cts and prices. We further show that an increasing counterfeit market share can increase status-conscious consumers' willingness to pay for luxury goods. As a result, presence of counterfeiters can increase the pro\u001ct of a luxury brand.","PeriodicalId":443127,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Marketing eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129788155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influence of Green Marketing to Perceived Value on Pertamax Purchasing Decision","authors":"A. Widodo, R. Yusiana","doi":"10.2991/gcbme-16.2016.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/gcbme-16.2016.33","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental degradation intensifies in Indonesia and in the world giving direct impact on human life. The issue of care for the environment and as a form of social responsibility, prompting many companies to create and offer environmentally friendly products (green product). This study aims to determine the effect of Green marketing on perceived value in the consumer purchase decisions on fuel pertamax in Bandung. This type of research is descriptive and causal research by using path analysis. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire with a sample of 400 respondents. The sampling technique used in this study is simple random sampling. The analysis showed Green marketing influence on purchasing decisions directly is lower than Green marketing influence through perceived value to the purchasing decision. This matter that the perceived value of the variable is very important in creating a purchasing decision pertamax. Future studies are expected to examine the dominant factors in variable thus increasing the perceived value of a purchase decision.","PeriodicalId":443127,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Marketing eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115084945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Plight of Rural Migrant Workers in Urban China","authors":"Rongwei Chu, J. Gentry, Jie Gao, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2844361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2844361","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturing opportunities in urban China have led to the mass migration of over 270 million rural residents to urban areas. We investigate the resulting upheaval in Chinese society using a macromarketing framework, especially the effect on the family unit. A qualitative study of 34 adult migrants in Shanghai is used to put a human face on the challenges faced by those distant from their families of origin (and in many cases their own children) and yet ostracized by most of those in urban society.","PeriodicalId":443127,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Marketing eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117001476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influence of Consumers’ Logical and Affective Brand Evaluation Inclinations on Consideration Set Composition","authors":"Fumiaki Kikuchi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2809490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2809490","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how consumers’ brand evaluation inclinations influence the degree of brand convergence in their consideration sets. We treated consumers’ brand evaluation inclinations two-dimensionally (logical and affective) and divided consumers into the following four groups: (I) strong logical and affective brand evaluation inclination, (II) weak logical and strong affective brand evaluation inclination, (III) weak logical and affective brand evaluation inclination, and (IV) strong logical and weak affective brand evaluation inclination. We hypothesized that the degree of convergence would differ among the four groups and assumed, more concretely, that it would be highest in Group IV, moderate in Group I and Group III, and lowest in Group II. A series of experiments based on data gathered via questionnaires showed differences in the degrees of brand convergence among the four groups, which supports this study’s primary hypothesis. However, the observed magnitude of the relationships differed from this study’s supposition. The empirical results showed that the degrees of convergence for consumers in Group II and Group III were higher than those for consumers in Group I and Group IV.","PeriodicalId":443127,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Marketing eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125064441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Affecting Purchase Intention of South East Asian (SEA) Young Adults Towards Global Smartphone Brands","authors":"A. Zahid, Omkar Dastane","doi":"10.21002/amj.v8i1.9265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21002/amj.v8i1.9265","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to probe the effect of perceived price, perceived quality, brand awareness, and social influence on purchase intention of South East Asian (SEA) Young Adults towards global smartphone brands. This explanatory research uses quantitative empirical data collected from 200 SEA Young Adults studying in one of the public universities in Malaysia. Stratified random sampling is used while ensuring fair representation of SEA countries, viz., Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Correlation and regression analysis were carried out using SPSS 20.0. The study resulted in the finding that social influence has the highest level of linear relationship and so is the most influential factor among four. The findings provide guidelines to global smartphone brands for developing value proposition and better promotion mix for smartphones promotion.","PeriodicalId":443127,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Marketing eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114965531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Godinho de Matos, P. Ferreira, Rodrigo Belo
{"title":"Price Discounts and Peer Effects in Information Goods: Results from a Randomized Experiment","authors":"Miguel Godinho de Matos, P. Ferreira, Rodrigo Belo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2551800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2551800","url":null,"abstract":"We look at the interplay between price promotions and peer influence in the case of movies in Video-on-Demand (VoD), which are non-storable information goods. We analyze the outcomes from a randomized experiment run for 3 consecutive months using the VoD system of a large telecommunications provider. We show that households with access to movies priced 25% lower than usual lease 11.1% more of these movies than households that never had access to movies at reduced prices. However, they also lease 3.3% fewer of the movies without price discounts during the entire experiment, which reduces aggregate sales by 2.9% hurting the provider’s profitability. We use cell phone call detail records from this provider to infer a graph of social proximity across households. The average degree in this graph is 10.23 friends. Using this graph, we find a positive effect of peer influence in the consumption of movies in this VoD system, which can be strategically used by the firm to issue price promotions minimizing profit losses. Firms can break-even if they offer price promotions to households with enough connections to generate enough sales through peer influence to counter the undesirable effect of price promotions. We show how the ability of the firm to break-even depends on the magnitude of the effect of peer influence, the discount offered and the markup factor. At the average of the covariates observed in our setting, the firm breaks-even if it offers price promotions to households with more than 4 connections.","PeriodicalId":443127,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Marketing eJournal","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123450192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Olson, Brent McFerran, Andrea C. Morales, D. Dahl
{"title":"Wealth and Welfare: Divergent Moral Reactions to Ethical Consumer Choices","authors":"J. Olson, Brent McFerran, Andrea C. Morales, D. Dahl","doi":"10.1093/JCR/UCV096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JCR/UCV096","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines perceptions of low-income consumers receiving government assistance and the choices they make, showing that this group is viewed differently than those with more resources, even when making identical choices. A series of five experiments reveal that ethical purchases polarize moral judgments: whereas individuals receiving government assistance are perceived as less moral when choosing ethical (vs. conventional) products, income earners, particularly high-income individuals, are perceived as more moral for making the identical choice. Price is a central component of this effect because equating the cost of ethical and conventional goods provides those receiving government assistance some protection against harsh moral judgments when choosing ethically. Moreover, earning one’s income drives perceptions of deservingness, or the right to spend as one desires. Those who receive assistance via taxpayer dollars are under greater scrutiny (frequently resulting in harsher moral judgments) by others. In addition to influencing perceptions of individual consumers, the results demonstrate that such attributions extend to groups who make ethical choices on others’ behalf, and that these attributions have real monetary consequences for nonprofit organizations.","PeriodicalId":443127,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Marketing eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123407728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What the Eye Does Not Admire the Brain Does Not Desire: How Visual Properties of Product Packaging Affect Consumer Attention and Choice","authors":"Milica Mormann, R. Towal, C. Koch","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2709187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2709187","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer research explains how various visual properties of marketing stimuli, such as color or shape, individually, influence consumer attention and choice. It is not clear, however, how these various properties compete and combine to grab consumer attention. We draw on insights from visual and computational neuroscience to introduce the construct of visual importance of marketing stimuli as the combination of various visual features. In addition, we demonstrate how a neuroscience-based simulation of attention can be used to measure thus defined visual importance. We conduct an eye- tracking experiment in the point-of-purchase context to show that visual importance of marketing stimuli influences consumer attention and choice systematically, consistent with the underlying algorithms of how the brain codes and uses visual information.","PeriodicalId":443127,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Marketing eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127548803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asking Attitude, Intention and Prediction Questions as a Social Influence Technique: A Meta-Analysis of the Question-Behavior Effect","authors":"T. van Steen, A. Joinson, J. Carruthers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2686184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2686184","url":null,"abstract":"The question-behavior effect, how asking attitude, intention and prediction questions influences behavior, has been widely examined since its discovery by Sherman (1980). In the present study, a meta-analysis is carried out to examine the effectiveness of this influence technique. Studies were included if they used an experimental design with random allocation of participants, where the experimental condition consisted of asking attitude, intention and/or prediction questions and the dependent variable was a behavioral measurement. This resulted in 55 comparisons in 35 papers, with a total of 49108 participants. Applying a random-effects model on the data resulted in a small effect (d = .26, 95%CI [.18, .34]). Methodological causes and moderators related to the applicability and universality of the technique are discussed.","PeriodicalId":443127,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Marketing eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128068946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}