Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome最新文献

{"title":"The association of interpersonal distress with negative mental health outcomes in people with a diagnosed anxiety disorder: a meta-analytic review.","authors":"Malenka Areas, Cristoph Flückiger, Juan Martín Gómez Penedo","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.894","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Empirical research has suggested the association between interpersonal dysfunctions and anxiety disorders. However, no previous meta-analysis has estimated the extent to which these relational issues are related to negative mental health in anxiety disorders. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between interpersonal distress and negative mental health outcomes in people with a diagnosed anxiety disorder. We performed a systematic search in PsycINFO and PubMed, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, including studies reporting estimates of the associations between interpersonal distress and negative (non-relational) mental health outcomes in people with diagnosed anxiety disorders. Using multilevel meta-analytic models, we estimated a pooled correlational (r) effect size, accounting for variability at the within-effect-size, between-effect-size, and between-study level. We identified 18 eligible articles, reporting 43 effect sizes from 2,998 subjects. The multilevel models showed a significant association between interpersonal distress and mental health in people with a diagnosed anxiety disorder (r=0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.28, 0.52], d=0.84). We found significant heterogeneity around the estimations (Q(42)=463.29, p<.001) but failed to find significant moderators of the association. Interpersonal distress has a moderate-to-large correlation with non-relational mental health outcomes in people with diagnosed anxiety disorders. More research would be necessary to determine putative moderators of this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relational skills and self-awareness outcomes in psychotherapy trainees.","authors":"Elitsa Tilkidzhieva, Salvatore Gullo, Jutta Fiegl, Andrea Jesser, Omar Carlo Gioacchino Gelo","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.898","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relational skills and self-awareness are important aspects of psychotherapy training, shaping how trainees relate to clients, reflect on their experiences, and develop professionally. Despite their importance, little research has examined how these aspects are related during training. This cross-sectional study investigated the associations between relational skills and self-awareness outcomes in psychotherapy trainees and explored whether these variables differed according to stages of training, age, engagement in personal therapy, and self-reported mental health difficulties. The sample included 105 trainees (75.2% female, M age=29.71 years, SD=10.77), of whom 46% were in the beginning stage and 54% in the advanced stage of training. Relational styles were identified using exploratory factor analysis, and associations were examined using Pearson correlations and analyses of variance. Self-awareness outcomes were assessed with the Self-Awareness Outcomes Questionnaire (SAOQ). Exploratory factor analysis identified four relational styles: Warm, Guarded, Directive, and Intense. Warm, Directive, and Intense styles were positively associated with several self-awareness outcomes, whereas Guarded was associated with higher emotional costs of self-awareness. Older trainees (43+) reported greater emotional engagement, lower emotional strain, and higher scores on the Intense style than trainees aged 18-24. Trainees engaged in personal therapy tended to report lower emotional costs of self-awareness. Self-reported mental health difficulties were associated with higher emotional costs and more guarded, less warm relational styles. The results contribute to an understanding of how relational styles, self-awareness outcomes, and personal factors are interconnected in psychotherapy trainees and may help inform psychotherapy training by emphasizing individual differences in relational functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process and outcome in university counseling: the role of epistemic trust and working alliance.","authors":"Costanza Franchini, Alexandro Fortunato, Alice Fiorini Bincoletto, Gaetano Maria Sciabica, Mara Morelli, Antonio Chirumbolo, Silvia Andreassi, Anna Maria Speranza","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.899","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>University counseling services are increasingly recognized as effective interventions for promoting students' psychological well-being, yet the psychological mechanisms underlying their effectiveness are still poorly understood. The present study examined the role of epistemic stances (epistemic trust, mistrust, and credulity) and therapeutic alliance in predicting changes in psychological distress among students undergoing a brief psychodynamic counseling intervention. The sample included 93 university students who participated in a brief psychodynamic counseling intervention consisting of four sessions and a 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear mixed-effects models. Psychological distress was assessed using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) at pre-treatment (T1), post-intervention (T2), and follow-up (T3). Epistemic stances were measured with the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ) at T1, and therapeutic alliance was assessed at T2 with the Working Alliance Inventory - Short Form Revised (WAI-SR). Psychological distress significantly decreased from pretreatment to post-intervention and remained stable at follow-up. Higher baseline epistemic trust predicted lower levels of distress, whereas higher epistemic mistrust and credulity were associated with poorer outcomes. A stronger therapeutic alliance was associated with lower distress levels. Moreover, the therapeutic alliance moderated the relationship between epistemic mistrust and psychological distress, such that higher alliance was associated with lower distress. Findings suggest that both epistemic stances and the therapeutic alliance contribute to counseling effectiveness. A strong alliance may partially buffer the negative impact of epistemic mistrust, highlighting the importance of fostering a mentalizing environment in brief counseling interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary findings from a brief psychodynamic counseling program for university staff: users' psychological characteristics and implications for the program's utility.","authors":"Alessia Renzi, Eleonora Piacentini, Vittorio Lingiardi","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.897","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on university staff mental health and intervention evaluation remains limited, especially in Italy. Brief psychodynamic counseling appears promising for reducing distress and improving emotion regulation. The present study aimed to explore the socio-demographic, occupational, and psychological characteristics of university staff members seeking support at a brief psychodynamic counseling service and to examine changes in psychological functioning and distress, symptomatology, and mentalized affectivity following the intervention. Forty-eight participants (mean age=46.16 years, SD=9.57) completed the counseling program, consisting of four weekly clinical sessions followed by a one-month follow-up session. Measures included: the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ-45), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Brief Mentalized Affectivity Scale (BMAS), and the Defense Mechanism Rating Scales - Self-Report 30 (DMRS-SR-30). Higher use of the counseling service among female staff (69%), with a fairly balanced distribution across employment stages, emerged. The main reason for seeking support was psychological difficulties (46%), while others reported work- or family-related issues. At baseline, 68% showed psychological functioning above the OQ-45 clinical cut-off. Paired-samples t-tests revealed significant reductions in overall psychological functioning, distress, and symptomatology, alongside improvements in the processing dimension of mentalized affectivity. Participants also exhibited a moderate-to-good level of defensive functioning at baseline, indicating relatively adaptive capacities. Preliminary findings suggest that brief psychodynamic counseling may support improvements in functioning and symptomatology among university staff members, together with changes in emotional processing. Integrating defensive functioning and mentalized affectivity may contribute to clarifying the mechanisms of change, although further controlled longitudinal research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dream processes and affect regulation in psychotherapy: a longitudinal clinical case study.","authors":"Dorottya Bíró, Péter Osváth, Mátyás Mészáros","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.895","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anxiety disorders frequently emerge in contexts of chronic interpersonal stress and are often accompanied by disturbances in affect regulation and heightened sensitivity to bodily signals. In patients with chronic somatic conditions, these processes are commonly conceptualised within psychosomatic frameworks emphasising interactions between emotional regulation and stress-related bodily systems. Although psychotherapy may facilitate psychological adaptation, less is known about how dream processes reflect ongoing changes in affect regulation during treatment. The present study explores longitudinal changes in dream narratives during psychotherapy in a patient with anxiety and depressive symptoms in the context of ulcerative colitis. A qualitative, process-oriented longitudinal case study was conducted within analytically oriented psychotherapy with a 28-year-old patient. Over one year, the patient recorded dreams, from which five clinically significant dreams were selected. Dream reports were analysed alongside psychotherapy process notes and in-session associations using thematic analysis, informed by Jungian amplification. Three thematic constellations were identified: vulnerability and loss of control; threat perception and emotional overwhelm; and emerging control and agency. Early dreams reflected helplessness and heightened threat sensitivity, whereas later dreams increasingly depicted the dream-ego as capable of recognising danger and responding more adaptively. Findings suggest that dream processes may serve as indicators of changes in affect regulation and relational functioning, offering a process-sensitive window into psychotherapeutic change in psychosomatic contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are we on the same page? Examining client-therapist alliance congruence and psychological well-being.","authors":"John Robert Rilveria","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.896","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined client-therapist alliance congruence as a predictor of psychological well-being among 104 Filipino psychotherapy dyads. Descriptive analysis showed that although most dyads had non-identical ratings, 55.8% fell within the conservative broad agreement band; among dyads outside this band, therapist-higher discrepancies were more common. Client- and therapist-rated alliances were analyzed using polynomial regression with response surface analysis (RSA) to model both congruent and incongruent alliance effects on client psychological well-being. Treatment length, treatment interval, therapist professional maturity, and client symptom severity were included as covariates. Results indicated a significant positive linear effect along the line of alliance congruence, such that a mutually perceived alliance was associated with greater psychological well-being. In contrast, significant curvature along the line of incongruence (LOIC) showed that discrepancies between therapist and client alliance ratings were associated with lower well-being, with increasing mismatch predicting progressively poorer outcomes. The findings suggest that therapist and client alliance perceptions should not be treated as interchangeable and that their dyadic alignment provides clinically meaningful information beyond either perspective alone. These results are discussed in relation to alliance monitoring, client feedback, and culturally responsive psychotherapy practice in the Filipino context.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological adaptation and health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: a 5-year follow-up study.","authors":"Gabriella Martino, Emanuele M Merlo, Carmelo M Vicario, Federica Bellone, Clara De Francesco, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Antonino Catalano, Walter Fries, Orlando Silvestro","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.900","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic immune-mediated gastrointestinal condition in which long-term care increasingly involves patient-reported health, emotional functioning, and psychological adaptation. Because psychological adaptation may not parallel clinical remission, this 5-year longitudinal study examined changes in psychopathological symptoms, alexithymia, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in 73 outpatients receiving maintenance medical treatment. We expected no uniform mean-level improvement or deterioration and hypothesised that increases in depressive and anxiety symptoms, alexithymia, and avoidance coping would be associated with poorer HR-QoL outcomes and that increases in positive attitude coping would be associated with better outcomes. Participants were reassessed during clinical remission using validated measures, and psychological changes were analysed in relation to follow-up quality of life outcomes, adjusting for baseline levels and disease duration. Mean-level changes were limited across depressive symptoms, overall anxiety, alexithymia, most coping dimensions, and HR-QoL indices. Somatic anxiety increased over time (p=.03), whereas social support coping decreased consistently in the overall sample and within both diagnostic subgroups (p<.01). Increases in depressive symptoms were associated with poorer mental health and lower disease-specific HR-QoL (both p<.001), while increases in alexithymia were associated only with poorer disease-specific HR-QoL (p<.05). In the multivariate model, depressive change independently predicted follow-up physical health (p=.02), mental health (p<.001), and disease-specific HR-QoL (p<.001). These findings suggest that psychological vulnerability may remain clinically relevant even during remission and identify depressive symptoms as a key correlate of long-term patient-reported functioning. The results support the integration of psychological assessment and multidisciplinary care within routine gastroenterological follow-up and highlight the potential value of psychologically informed interventions aimed at preserving HR-QoL and long-term adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holding the treatment frame: borderline features, personality functioning, and psychotherapy dropout in a youth mental health service.","authors":"Francesca De Salve, Chiara Rossi, Osmano Oasi, Lara Malvini, Maria Meliante, Mauro Percudani, Irene Messina","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.893","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Baseline personality pathology may shape both everyday functioning and engagement in psychotherapy. This study tested whether maladaptive personality trait domains and borderline symptom severity were associated with psychosocial functioning at intake and whether these variables were related to subsequent psychotherapy dropout within the same clinical pathway. Participants were 124 young adults (M age = 20.81, SD=2.30; 51.6% male and 48.4% female) assessed at intake in a youth mental health early intervention service in Milan, Italy (2024-2025). Measures included the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PID-5), the Borderline Symptom List-23 (BSL-23), and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). SOFAS was examined using stepwise multiple linear regression including PID-5 domains, BSL-23, sex, and age. Dropout was examined using Bayesian logistic regression and model comparison in the psychotherapy-only subsample (n=63; 13 dropouts, 20.6%). In the full sample, the final regression model retained only BSL-23, F(1, 122)=5.57, p=.020, R2=.04, indicating that higher borderline symptom severity was associated with lower functioning (B=-2.86, β=-.21, 95% CI [-5.27, -0.46]). For dropout, inclusion evidence was strongest for disinhibition (Bayes factor for inclusion [BF_inclusion] = 3.36), followed by BSL-23 (2.39) and SOFAS (2.23), although model-averaged 95% credible intervals (CrIs) included zero for all predictors. Clinically, these findings suggest that disinhibition and borderline severity may be better understood as markers of relational intensity requiring a structured yet reflective therapeutic stance rather than as straightforward dropout risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13195369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repairing alliance ruptures in psychotherapy with adults: a scoping review.","authors":"Alberto López-Vásquez, Nicolás González-Araneda, Stephanie Vaccarezza, Catherine F Eubanks, Paula Errázuriz","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.892","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapeutic alliance ruptures represent critical moments that, if properly addressed, may become opportunities for therapeutic change. Although various models and evidence exist regarding rupture repair, no prior scoping review has systematically mapped clinical recommendations using a replicable methodology. This review aimed to map clinical recommendations for repairing therapeutic alliance ruptures in psychotherapy with adults, focusing on therapist competencies, patient characteristics, and theoretical frameworks underpinning these recommendations. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, articles were retrieved from Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus, supplemented by secondary searches. Conceptual and empirical publications addressing rupture repair in individual psychotherapy with adults were included (n=25). The review maps two complementary sets of recommendations. Empirical studies appear to converge on strategies organized around rupture recognition, expressive repair (focused on exploring the rupture experience), and immediate repair (focused on corrective task and goal adjustments). Theoretical and conceptual contributions highlight the influence of cultural, contextual, and trauma-related factors on rupture and repair processes, emphasizing the need for sensitivity to patient-specific, cultural, and contextual factors. Overall, the findings suggest that the literature on rupture repair is evolving toward greater contextual sensitivity, with personalization and responsiveness emerging from an integrative reading of the findings as central challenges for clinical practice and future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13158734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing <i>versus </i>cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of inpatients with obesity, binge eating disorder, and traumatic experiences: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Anna Guerrini Usubini, Gian Mauro Manzoni, Giada Pietrabissa, Caterina Nicolazzi, Annalisa Caretti, Chiara Merlini, Valentina Villa, Alessandro Sartorio, Gianluca Castelnuovo","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.886","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ripppo.2026.886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overweight and obesity are linked with binge eating disorder (BED). Traditionally, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the therapeutic approach indicated for both inpatient and outpatient treatment of BED. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) could be more effective for the treatment of BED, in particular with patients who have experienced one or more traumatic experiences. A two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) was thus run to test the hypothesis that a 4-week EMDR intervention was more effective than a parallel CBT intervention in the treatment of inpatients with obesity and BED who experienced at least a traumatic event. The sample included 31 inpatients, who were randomly assigned to EMDR (n=16) or CBT (n=15). Outcomes were the reduction of binge eating symptoms, emotional eating, psychological distress, and trauma-related variables, and the improvement of emotion regulation from baseline to treatment completion. Results showed no statistically significant difference between the two treatment conditions, while statistically significant improvements were observed in the whole sample and in several outcome variables: depression, anxiety, stress, emotional eating, binge eating, two Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) domains (Clarity and Strategies), and the DERS total score, two Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) sub-scales (Intrusion and Hyperarousal) and the IES-R total score, but with small standardized sizes of improvements (Cohen's d). Both interventions may have yielded similar benefits; however, the absence of a control group prevented a clear attribution of these improvements to the interventions, as all participants were concurrently undergoing a structured residential multidisciplinary treatment. Future studies should include larger samples, longer treatment protocols, and follow-up assessments, as well as comparison groups of inpatients not receiving experimental treatments, to better isolate the specific effects of EMDR and CBT.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13158736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}