Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe最新文献

{"title":"The United States–China Trade War: Timeline, Consequences, and Prospects for the US Economy. An Analysis Based on the Textile Industry","authors":"Ewa Stawasz-grabowska, Justyna Wieloch","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.26.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.26.08","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the scale of the drop in American imports after it imposed punitive tariffs on Chinese goods. Our analysis spans the whole period of Donald Trump’s presidency (January 2017 – January 2021). In contrast to existing studies, which are mainly devoted to the impact of reduced trade flows on the key macroeconomic indicators, we focus on the specific market of textile products, which was among the most affected by the protectionism measures. The quantitative analysis allows us to conclude that the imposed duties severely hit the textile industry, bringing a noticeable drop in US imports of selected groups of products from China. Furthermore, the review of long‑term consequences indicates that the ongoing trade war has not only adversely affected the macroeconomic fundamentals of the US economy, but it is also likely to have a long‑lasting impact on global supply and production chains.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76049904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of FDI in the Sustainable Development of the European Union","authors":"J. Witkowska","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.26.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.26.02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to examine the role of international business behavior in the sustainable development of the European Union (EU) and to answer two questions: (1) To what degree could international business contribute to the development of a “green economy” under the uncertainty caused by the COVID–19 pandemic?; (2) In what way could host countries attract “green” and socially responsible foreign direct investment (FDI)? \u0000The statistical analysis of international business involvement in environmentally harmful sectors/industries of the EU economy indicates that the share of such investments in most member states did not exceed 20% of the total FDI stocks between 2015 and 2020. The structure of investments changed in half of the analyzed countries towards sectors/industries that were less harmful to the environment. These changes and high requirements for domestic and foreign companies within the framework of the EU’s environmental policy allow us to conclude that international business contributed to the ecological transformation of the EU. \u0000On the other hand, changes in the structure of FDI stocks located abroad by the EU Member States in environmentally harmful sectors/industries were multidirectional. Six of the EU states remained net exporters of direct investment in these sectors/industries. The involvement of foreign direct investors in the new EU Member States in sectors that are important for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda was not very high. It was characterized by high volatility and did not play a significant role in their economies. Attracting “green FDI” and socially responsible investments requires changes in policy towards foreign investors. They should include facilitating foreign investment, including investments aimed at sustainable development, incentives for investors to engage in “green investments”, and making investment agreements more flexible to combat climate change.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85067652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Direct Investment Inflow Dynamics: The Case of Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"Kunofiwa Tsaurai","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.26.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.26.03","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the dynamics of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) using panel data (1994–2020) analysis methods such as fixed effects, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and random effects. Specifically, the study examined what factors could account for the mixed pattern of FDI inflows into CEECs. The mixed results from the existing empirical literature on FDI inflow dynamics triggered the undertaking of this study to contribute to the ongoing debate on the subject. The study notes that infrastructural development, economic growth and domestic investment had a significant positive influence on FDI across all three panel data analysis methods. Other variables that were found to have had a significant positive effect on FDI include (1) complementarity between infrastructural and financial development (fixed effects, random effects), (2) trade openness (fixed effects) and (3) savings (random effects, FMOLS). A significant negative impact of the exchange rate on FDI was observed under the FMOLS. CEECs are therefore urged to implement policies to increase infrastructural development, financial development, trade openness and savings to enhance the inflow of FDI. Future studies should investigate the minimum threshold levels of the explanatory variables of FDI.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90992444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality and Health Spending during the First Year of the COVID–19 Pandemic. Comparing Central, Eastern and Western Europe","authors":"Agata Kliber, E. Rychłowska‑Musiał","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.26.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.26.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows the relationships between the COVID and non‑COVID deaths during the first year of the pandemic, compared with the stringency of restrictions imposed and the compulsory spending on healthcare. We compare these relationships among European countries, analysing weekly data and applying cointegration models. Regarding the pandemic’s intensity, we split the period into two: March – August 2020 and September 2020 – February 2021. We find that, most often, if there was a relationship between the stringency index and COVID or non‑COVID mortality, it was usually positive and mortality driven. That suggests that although the governments tailored the restrictions to the growing mortality rate, they were unable to control the pandemic. No relationships, or negative ones, were most often found in these countries where the spending on healthcare was the highest (i.e., Northern and Western European countries). The biggest weekly changes in non‑COVID deaths during the second sub‑period were observed in the Central and Eastern European countries, where government healthcare expenditures per capita are the lowest.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78063363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of COVID–19 on the Level and Structure of Employment in European Union Countries","authors":"M. Markowska, A. Sokołowski","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.26.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.26.05","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes methods that can be used to evaluate the changes in one year of any measurable phenomenon based on how it performed in previous years. The following economic sections are considered: Agriculture, forestry and fishing/Industry/Construction/Wholesale and retail trade, transport, accommodation and food services/Information and communication/Financial and insurance activities/Real estate activities/Professional, scientific and technical activities, including administrative and support services/Public administration, defence, education, human health and social work/Arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities; activities of household and extra‑territorial organisations and bodies. The paper proposes a new method – called The Triple 2 Rule – to identify changes in employment time series. Trends and autoregressive models are estimated for the period 2008–2019, and 2020 forecasts are calculated. The difference between the forecasted and observed values for 2020 is treated as a measure of the impact of COVID–19. Dynamic cluster analysis based on 2008–2020 data is the second approach. The characteristics and changes in the composition of dynamic clusters give a picture of the impact of 2020. These changes can be considered to have been caused – at least partially – by the COVID–19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75196580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Innovation Gap of National Innovation Systems in the European Union","authors":"Edyta Dworak, M. Grzelak","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.26.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.26.01","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the paper is to assess the innovation gap between the national innovation systems (NIS) of the European Union (EU) and the average level of innovation of EU economies. The study takes into account NIS identified in the literature, i.e., (a) developed systems and (b) developing systems. \u0000In the theoretical part of the paper, the literature in the fields of NIS and the innovation gap is reviewed, the definitions and selected classifications of NIS around the world are presented, and the concept of the innovation gap between countries is defined. In the empirical part, the level of innovation in EU economies is assessed using Hellwig’s synthetic development indicator. In order to measure the level of innovation in individual NISs, arithmetic means of national values of the synthetic measure of development (innovation) are used. The innovation gap is calculated as the quotient between the level of innovation of individual NISs analyzed in the study and the average level of innovation in EU economies. The study covered 2010 and 2021. \u0000The paper formulates the following research hypothesis: the level of innovation in EU economies is determined by the type of NIS. Consequently, developing system countries are less innovative and, thus, are characterized by an innovation gap in relation to the EU average. The results of the study confirm the hypothesis. The relationship between the innovation level of the EU economies and the type of NIS, as well as the assessment of the innovation gap between the national innovation systems of the EU and the average level of innovation of the EU economies, constitute the value‑added of the paper.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86731059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the Mobile Banking Application Ratings on the Vietnamese Bank Service Income","authors":"Tien Phat Pham, B. Popesko, S. Hoang, Tri Ba Tran","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.26.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.26.09","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the relationship between fintech and bank performance and the role of mobile applications in bank operations, we investigate the impact of mobile banking application (MBA) ratings on bank service income. The quarterly data from the 15 biggest Vietnamese commercial banks in 2019–2020 were extracted from the public financial statements and the Google Play Store. The Generalized Least Squares method is applied to process the proposed regression models. We find a positive impact of MBA ratings on bank service income. We additionally explore the MBA quality of a large bank that does not meet customer expectations and how the interaction between MBA ratings and leverage harms bank service income. Finally, users generally appreciate the MBA quality, and COVID–19 does not affect the link between MBA ratings and bank service income. The study provides novel knowledge on customer behavior through MBA ratings and their effect on bank service income in an emerging country.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90639711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Debt Management Experience: The Case of EECCA Countries","authors":"M. Dubovik, S. Mammadova, Anar Huseynov, Petar Pajkovic, Lesya Bozhko","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.30","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to cluster the most widely used public debt management tools peculiar to the EECCA (Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia) markets. Overall, the results show that the volume of EECCA countries’ public debt relative to GDP declined from 2000 to 2015. However, as their public debt enhanced after 2016 and until 2020, inclusive, the need to choose proper tools for its management intensified. The main cause of public debt in most EECCA countries is the state budget deficit (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). The second place was taken by the balance of payments deficit (Armenia, Belarus). The only unique country was Azerbaijan, since it is likely to use public debt to finance economic and infrastructure development projects. No less interesting is that not all EECCA member states generate internal public debt. Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, and Uzbekistan have external public debt exclusively due to the lack of free resources that can be attracted from within the economy. In general, the investigation revealed that the main tool for managing internal public debt in EECCA countries is public bonds issued in national and foreign currencies. As for external public debt management, the top position is taken by external public bonds and international loans. The study has only two limitations: methodological and implementation. Other macroeconomic indicators of economic development were not considered, even though they may change the assessment of the effectiveness of the selected tools of public debt management. Meanwhile, the results can only be applied to those countries whose financial market is already formed and who have access to international financial markets. Otherwise, the tools of public debt management are limited.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76641305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Sustainable Development Goals within the COVID–19 Pandemic Future Challenges for the 2030 Agenda","authors":"Anna Rydz‑Żbikowska","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.33","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID–19 pandemic has severely changed the world economy and jeopardized the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals on a large scale. Progress in meeting the goals of the 2030 Agenda has been significantly disrupted and stalled, undermining previous efforts of governments and nations. Furthermore, the economic slowdown of the global economy as an effect of COVID–19 has not improved the situation of climate change. The side effects of the pandemic are serious in every sphere of life, especially in the exacerbation of existing social inequalities, which results in threatening the achievements of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of this article is to present the current status of SDG implementation with reference to the 2030 Agenda. Furthermore, it will examine the impact of COVID–19 on the progress of SDGs on a global scale, focusing mainly on the statistics from the Sustainable Development Report 2021. The purpose of the study is also to describe the results of the analysis that examines the major effects of the COVID–19 pandemic on European countries, including Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), in terms of the implementation of SDGs. The study is limited to the context of Goal 1 (No poverty), Goal 2 (Zero hunger) and Goal 3 (Good health and well‑being). Another purpose, recognized as the added value of the research, is to identify the main challenges related to sustainable development while implementing the SDGs in the CEECs. Finally, the author investigates the post‑COVID priorities and pandemic strategic response plans. The research methods include an analysis of available documentary and literary sources on the topics in question, based on the development of relevant statistical surveys, and the deductive approach, to draw conclusions from the reports of international organizations. The research was based on the global indicator framework, which includes 231 unique indicators that monitored the stage and progress of the SDGs’ implementation. Global SDG Indicators Data Platform (SDG Indicators Database) was the source of data.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80893648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge‑Intensive Business Services Employment Structure and Economic Development in EU Regions","authors":"M. Markowska, P. Hlaváček, D. Strahl","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.32","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the results of grouping EU NUTS 2 regions based on the share of employment in particular sectors (knowledge‑intensive high‑technology services, knowledge‑intensive market services and other knowledge‑intensive services), as well as GDP per capita, in 2008 and 2018. The grouping of regions was done by clustering methods (for structure data), including Ward’s method to determine the number of groups and the k‑means for the final partition. GDP groups were defined using a sample mean and one standard deviation. To assess the similarity of the classifications and, consequently, to evaluate correlations between the employment structures and the level and pace of economic development, the similarity measure for partitions proposed by Sokołowski was used.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78891589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}