METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture最新文献

{"title":"Tunisian works (1927–1936) of Joseph Hiriart: completing the architectural career of an Art Deco master","authors":"L. Etxepare","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2022.2087713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2022.2087713","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean Sea separates the French architectural works of Joseph Hiriart (1888–1946) from his Tunisian buildings in North Africa. Among the former are Villa Leihorra (1926) and other works of the late 1920s that were built on the French Basque coast. These were preceded by the La Maîtrise pavilion (1925), which was designed by Hiriart in collaboration with Georges Tribout and Georges Beau on the occasion of the ‘International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts’ that was held in Paris in 1925. These pieces of architecture form the most published and recognised part of the career of Hiriart, a master of Art Deco and a key architect in the interwar period. However, the same is not true of his Tunisian works that span from 1927 to 1936 because, despite the obvious and consistent interest in them as they provide additional features which complement his French works, their dissemination has been incomplete and limited to brief mentions. The paper sets out Hiriart’s biography and best-known works, and then focuses on his time in Tunisia, providing an overview of the architectural projects he carried out there and framing them in the colonial context with the aim to fill this historical void and restore the Tunisian part of his architectural work.","PeriodicalId":44236,"journal":{"name":"METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85873150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encounters: architectural agency","authors":"Deljana Iossifova, Doreen Bernath","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2022.2132027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2022.2132027","url":null,"abstract":"In this double issue of The Journal of Architecture, authors question the power of architectural agency and explore the role of architecture in socio-environmental transitions through the analysis of various forms of encounter. They ask if and how architecture has the power to transform entrenched ways of being and acting in this world. Just how much can architecture change and reconfigure existing social patterns? Conversely, how are changing social structures and relationships reflected in the transformation of architecture, and how and what it represents? These questions are, of course, tied with that of the role of ‘the architect’. The diversified endeavours in reconstructing, envisioning, translating, altering, and consolidating are interrogated through articles set out to examine architects who occupy specific positions in the history of architecture. By rewriting these historical instances in the light of today’s debates, precisely to re-evaluate their roles in relation to unsung influences and relations, unrecognised contextual processes and forms of work, the pedestal of authorship is replaced with the revelation of a necessary plural and multivalent practice — the many and the together in ‘the architect’. The notion of ‘encounter’ is intrinsic, as argued by Mariana de Oliveira Couto Muszyński, to Bartolomeu Costa Cabral’s approach to architectural design, and in particular the project that combined a primary school and a public bathhouse in the Castle district of Lisbon. She reminds us— in (still) pandemic times— of the purpose of public buildings: to enable encounter and transaction between human beings. In her study, she demonstrates how Costa Cabral went against the grain of the expected language of design of his time to explore contextually, socially, and pedagogically responsive spatial arrangements that contribute to not only the paradigm shift of school design in the post-war era but also the provision of communal spaces where architecture becomes the agency of social transformation. She highlights the radical belief that, indeed, architecture can change the way in which we exist in and relate to the world. Similarly, Gary Boyd traces how Britain’s over six hundred pithead baths were designed and developed as part of a ‘colossal social experiment’, which was a consequence of the encounter between the cooperative stance of the Miners’ Welfare Commission in the 1920s and 30s, and the innovative, modernist language of design by the architectural team, manifesting civic aspirations against the outdated technologies of the mining industry itself. Their introduction showed impact on society far beyond the limits of the work place. The notion of co-creation is relevant to Ecem Sarıçayır’s discussion of Frank van Klingeren’s ‘open architecture’ in the Netherlands of the 1960s and 70s. Deljana Iossifova","PeriodicalId":44236,"journal":{"name":"METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83233530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salvador Dalí in Rem Koolhaas’ Delirious New York","authors":"Simon Weir","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2022.2106580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2022.2106580","url":null,"abstract":"The penultimate chapter of Rem Koolhaas’ Delirious New York (1978) begins with: ‘In the mid-thirties both Salvador Dali and Le Corbusier — they hate each other — visit New York for the first time’. Koolhaas inventively rewrites Dalí’s ‘paranoid critical method’, then announces in the part ‘Combat’ that Le Corbusier is diagnosed paranoid, followed in ‘Otherwordliness’, by the claim that architecture is inevitably the result of paranoid critical activity, and concrete is described as the method’s purest embodiment. Anyone familiar with Dalí’s writings would recognise Koolhaas’ choice of Le Corbusier as an opponent. In the 1920s, Dalí wrote admiringly of Le Corbusier, but in the 1950s Dalí wrote about Le Corbusier so critically that by the 60s it turned comically vicious. Dali advocated light, soft, and curved buildings, and found Le Corbusier’s concrete architecture horribly heavy, materially and metaphorically. When Koolhaas introduces the antagonism between Dalí and Le Corbusier in Delirious New York, no mention is made of Dalí’s remarks about concrete. Instead, concrete is Koolhaas’ choice as the exemplar of the paranoid critical method. Dalí wrote about his surrealist creative process — the paranoiac-critical method — in the 1930s, amid two theories of paranoia: constructionalist and anti-constructionalist. Dalí, along with Jacques Lacan, was resolutely anti-constructionalist. Neither of these terms has any currency in contemporary theories of paranoia, but Surrealism valued the mythos of the mad artist and these two theories of paranoia had artistic practices associated with them. By avoiding Dalí’s disdain for Le Corbusier’s concrete architecture, Koolhaas’ theory for an architectural surrealism of paranoid critical activity extends Dalí’s anti-constructionalist method into a distinctly new architectural surrealism.","PeriodicalId":44236,"journal":{"name":"METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85895526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Shining temples of health’: pithead bath architecture in Britain 1921–1939","authors":"G. Boyd","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2022.2086153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2022.2086153","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing extensively on previously unseen archival material, this paper examines the development and evolution of the Miners’ Welfare Committee pithead baths programme from its initiation until 1939. It argues that the function of aesthetics seen in the mature forms of these buildings in the 1930s emerged from a response to the particularly complex and controversial conditions that surrounded the mining industry. It explores how the forms realised — and praised by Anthony Bertram and Nikolaus Pevsner amongst others — were the endpoints of a long process, one which had involved the negotiation of legislative and economic landscapes, and the engagement of scientific and hygienic theories. This process also drew upon critiqued and adapted international precedents in both bathing and civic buildings before alighting upon an architectural language that was not only flexible enough to respond to the precise criteria of washing large numbers of miners but also, when combined with other media, could communicate the value of such facilities to what were often sceptical audiences within traditionally conservative mining communities. Attuned to this range of functions, the result was a highly conspicuous and significant generation of over six hundred buildings that were iterative and underpinned by common principles, yet capable of variation within their organisation, interior and exterior forms, and components. This paper also explores the significance of these buildings not only within these qualities but also in the modern aesthetics of light, space, and air they invoked. Furthermore, the paper reveals the effects of their existence outside the collieries on other less visible protagonists — the women of the coalfields and their families — whose domestic circumstances were simultaneously transformed.","PeriodicalId":44236,"journal":{"name":"METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78789160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Savage Mind to Savage Machine: Racial Science and Twentieth-Century Design","authors":"Maroš Krivý","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2022.2126161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2022.2126161","url":null,"abstract":"Not long ago, I ended up sitting through the review of an undergraduate workshop on design and biocomputation. Students fermented beetroot skins, fallen leaves, and other organic waste by mixing it with yeast, sugar, and vinegar, then layered and dried the mixture to create a series of what looked like crispy flatbreads. There was a lot of daydreaming concerning how the process could be scaled up to design spontaneous urban landscapes. The revealing moment came when a student reported that they struggled to prevent the organic mass from curling up while drying, prompting the tutor to retort by questioning the premise of the student’s point. Why not embrace the process instead of forcing it? Why not make a time-lapse of the fermenting beetroot and digitise it? And why then not iterate the transformation with varying parameters, to boldly experiment with a future city form? I was reminded of this episode while reading Ginger Nolan’s Savage Mind to Savage Machine, a ground breaking study that examines the intersections of technoscientific rationality and the attunement to the natural in twentiethcentury design. The book does a marvellous job in illuminating the epistemic substrate and enormous complications of the seemingly logical precept of designing with, not against, nature within the subfields of industrial design, architecture, environmental design, and media arts. Modern design, Nolan argues, was premised on an epistemic divide between the reflexive designer on the one hand and, on the other, the savage deemed unconscious of their own mode of thought. The latter category — at times described as ‘the primitive’ or ‘the magical’ — encompasses not only various colonised, indigenous peoples, but also a range of other subjects presumed to lack self-consciousness: urban ethnic minorities, manual workers, women, and children. Nolan introduces the term racial science to describe representations of cognitive difference that are more insidious than the effects of scientific racism (using scientific methods and authority to justify racial inequality). Similar to the noble savage trope, racial science neutralises ethnically and otherwise marginalised people by affirming their cultures as formed through natural force, as Review by Maroš Krivý Canadian Centre for Architecture Montreal Estonian Academy of Arts Tallinn, Estonia maros.krivy@artun.ee mkrivy@cca.qc.ca 463 The Journal of Architecture Volume 27 Numbers 2–3","PeriodicalId":44236,"journal":{"name":"METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76023513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mahalle Ölçeğinde Mekân Üzerinden İktidar Üretimi: Çukur Dizisindeki İktidar Temsillerinin Çözümlemeleri","authors":"Evren Ülkeryildiz, Gaye Topa Çiftçi","doi":"10.4305/metu.jfa.2022.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4305/metu.jfa.2022.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"serial are analyzed as a sample, and how the informal social control norms transform into an alternative authority representation through the phenomenon of ‘place’ is investigated by using a descriptive analysis method. Within the scope of this study, the findings regarding the space-based power simulation dimensions of the TV series of Çukur produced by the territorial (regional) cognition are examined from three perspectives, these are; 1. space-meaning relationship (sense of place, place attachment and place identity), 2. space-occupation (appropriation of space and sovereignty) relationship, 3. space-privacy relationship. As a result of the research, it is emphasized that the social control that constitutes the power cannot be considered apart from the space and this situation results in the production of power through space.","PeriodicalId":44236,"journal":{"name":"METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90276803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-Thing Relations in Design: A Framework Based on Postphenomenology and Material Engagement Theory","authors":"B. Aktaş, Betül Gürtekin, Harun Kaygan, Özgün Dilek, A. Özçelik, Fazıl Akın, Elif Büyükkeçeci","doi":"10.4305/metu.jfa.2022.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4305/metu.jfa.2022.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44236,"journal":{"name":"METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73375529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation of Residential Interiors for Low and Middle-Income Syrians Living in Sultanbeyli, Turkey","authors":"Özge Cordan, Talia Özcan Aktan","doi":"10.4305/metu.jfa.2022.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4305/metu.jfa.2022.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"One of the biggest forced mass migrations of the twenty-first century originated in the Syrian Arab Republic due to political conflict, which was turned into a civil war (Kavas et al., 2019). Syrian migrants are therefore considered refugees who were involuntarily displaced from their homelands. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, “[o]ver 5.6 million people have fled Syria since 2011, seeking safety in Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan, and beyond”. Turkey, which does not consider Syrians refugees, gave them temporary protection in 2014 (Directorate General of Migration Management [DGMM], 2022), and also hosts the largest number of Syrians—currently more than 3.6 million (UNHCR, 2022).","PeriodicalId":44236,"journal":{"name":"METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89519389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Tactics for Spatial Justice in the Works of Forensic Architecture and Hito Steyerl","authors":"H. E. Oskay","doi":"10.4305/metu.jfa.2022.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4305/metu.jfa.2022.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"From cartographic mapping to the linear perspective, the technics of geometrical representation of our immediate surroundings, the technics of picturing the world are deeply connected with an urge to give an order to it. The ability to depict the world allows us to understand our agency in its forming and to make it the subject of our actions. While this spatial knowledge enables us to estimate and foresee our acts in a perspective, it also provides a crucial foundation for governing human lives. In this line, the current imaging technologies help us to pursue this deep-seated desire. As the world becomes an object of observation, surveillance, and control, the distinctions between the subject and object, the person at the center of the image, and the world outside wither.","PeriodicalId":44236,"journal":{"name":"METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88702346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ankara \"Yeni Şehir”in Kuruluşu: Erken Cumhuriyet Konutunu Anlamak","authors":"Ali Cengi̇zkan","doi":"10.4305/metu.jfa.2022.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4305/metu.jfa.2022.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44236,"journal":{"name":"METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80538281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}