Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal最新文献

{"title":"Adara Goldberg. Holocaust Survivors in Canada: Exclusion, Inclusion, Transformation, 1947-1955","authors":"N. Wiseman","doi":"10.5860/choice.194887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.194887","url":null,"abstract":"Adara Goldberg. Holocaust Survivors in Canada: Exclusion, Inclusion, Transformation, 1947-1955. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2015. 300 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Illustrations. Index. $24.95 sc. Adara Goldberg, the Education Director at the Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre, tells the story of Canada's settlement of 35,000 Jews (disclosure: I am the son of two of them) in the decade following the Holocaust. The product of a Ph.D. dissertation at Clark University, Goldberg's book is structured thematically and chronologically. Meticulously researched and documented, it draws on over 100 oral histories, newspapers and magazines, many archival and library collections, as well as secondary sources. Canada's Jewish social agencies were overwhelmed and poorly equipped to handle the post-war newcomers, many of whom were traumatized and in need of psychological and emotional support, but the survivors adapted and integrated successfully into the established Jewish communities and Canadian society more broadly. However, the survivors were not cut from a single cloth nor was there uniformity in their settlement experiences; they included refugees, orphans, sponsored immigrants, and transmigrants. The latter, like me, came primarily from Israel in the early 1950s. Survivors settling in western Canada found a warmer reception among the smaller Jewish communities than those who settled in Montreal and Toronto, the largest Jewish centres. The diversity of the activities of survivors matched the diversity of their backgrounds. Some contributed to rejuvenating Yiddish education, literature, and culture, some were religiously ultra-orthodox, others practised a more liberal form of Judaism, and still others forsook their ethno-religious origins, turning away from God. Some even converted to Christianity. Before, during, and immediately after the war, Canada was the most ungenerous Western state in admitting Jews fleeing the Nazi extermination machine, as Irving Abella and Harold Troper's None is Too Many: Canada and the Jews of Europe 1933-1948 has documented. Many Canadians, some of whom harboured virulent anti-Semitic feelings, looked down upon the Jewish survivors. Goldberg digs into Mackenzie King's diary for this telling entry: \"we must nevertheless seek to keep this part of the Continent free from unrest and from too great an intermixture of foreign strains of blood,\" he wrote in 1938. \"I fear we would have riots if we agreed to a policy that admitted numbers of Jews.\" Goldberg reminds us as well of Alberta Social Credit premier William Aberhart's propagation of the idea of an international Jewish financial conspiracy and of the anti-Jewish prejudice of Quebec's Roman Catholic clergy during the pre-war period. One of the book's two dozen illustrations is a photograph of a 1940 sign for an Ontario lodge stipulating \"Gentiles Only. …","PeriodicalId":442294,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121191001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micheline Labelle. Racisme et Antiracisme Au Quebec. Discours et Declinaisons","authors":"M. Potvin","doi":"10.7202/1008936AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1008936AR","url":null,"abstract":"Micheline Labelle. Racisme et antiracisme au Quebec. Discours et declinaisons. Montreal : Presses de l'Universite du Quebec, 2010. 212 pp. $29.00 sc. This book purports to offer an analysis of the Quebec state's discourse on racism and anti-racism, as well as the position adopted by a few NGOs and citizens who submitted briefs to the 2006 public consultation on the government policy project designed to fight against racism. The book reviews numerous extracts from these \"discourses;' round in various public policies and briefs. The author's main objective is to \"question the soundness of certain agreed-upon (conventional) ways to approach the problem in Quebec\" (158). Despite the book's attractive title and objectives, it exhibits important flaws and omissions, three of which are, in my view, significant: 1. The first one is the lack of conceptual framework for \"discourse analysis\" in a work that proposes to analyze \"discourses\" on racism and anti-racism. \"Discourse analysis\" covers a vast multidisciplinary field, that comprises numerous approaches and theoretical debates (Foucault's theory on discourse, Habermas's discourse ethics, etcetera). 2. The second one is the book's ambition to cover \"the Quebec State's discourse\" during the 2000s--the \"State\" comprises many levels of government, normative powers (executive, legislative, judicial), institutions and actors--while it only analyzes the \"governmental discourse,\" from a few recent provincial policies. Hence, one can question the book's choice of ministries and institutions, of NGOs and citizens, because there is no justification of the selection criteria. Why were the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health excluded, given that they have adopted policies that concern racism and anti-racism? Why exclude the discourse of intellectuals, of researchers or even that of the media surrounding the 2006 consultation? Why limit one's analysis to 29 briefs out of 124, when the author submits, in conclusion, that a \"strong consensus emanated from all 124 briefs\" (157)? Consequently, there are astonishing omissions regarding the problematization of racism and anti-racism in Quebec. When the author describes the issues and theoretical debates, she fails not only to mention the issues that arise from ethnic and power relationships specific to the Quebecois context, but also the issues that are specific to Quebec research on this question. The author's survey of the literature, focused on American and European documentation, cannot provide the theoretical and historical context in Quebec, and the international issues, although relevant, cannot shed light on the reasons underlying the different positions that emanate from the various \"discourses\" in Quebec, nor on how they were expressed. Labelle fails to mention the views expressed by Quebec researchers since the 2000s concerning the government's discourse, especially recent analysis that puts into perspective the strengths and weaknesses of the gove","PeriodicalId":442294,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131287400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"F. Elizabeth Dahab. Voices of Exile in Contemporary Canadian Francophone Literature","authors":"Joseph J. Pivato","doi":"10.5860/choice.47-3041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.47-3041","url":null,"abstract":"F. Elizabeth Dahab. Voices of Exile in Contemporary Canadian Francophone Literature. Lanham, MA: Lexington Books, 2009.229 pp. Bibliography. Index. $60.00 hc. In 2002 Elizabeth Dahab published Voices in the Desert: An Anthology of Arabic-Canadian Women Writers (Guernica), a text now used in many courses in Canadian literature, comparative literature, and women's studies. This first collection of work by Canadian women of Arabic descent includes texts published in French, English, and Arabic, and thus epitomizes Deleuze and Guattari's ideal of minor literatures and deterritorialization. She has followed this seminal anthology with the first study anywhere of Arabic Canadian writers, Voices of Exile. It examines the works of several first-generation Canadian authors born in Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, or the Maghreb. There is a striking lack of scholarship on authors of Arabic descent in North America, and Dahab's volume fills this lacuna with an in-depth critical study of selected writers and texts. We should note that she prefers the term Arabic as an adjective rather than Arab. Dahab begins her critical study of Arabic Canadian writers with a detailed (43-page) introduction that examines important topics: Quebec as locus of literatures of exile, other minority literatures in Canada, a profile of the Arabic community in Quebec, language choice of writers, literary themes, and the literary theory of exile. In addition to extensive notes, this chapter includes a list of twenty-nine selected Arabic Canadian writers, their genres, locations, and literary prizes. The rest of the book has one chapter each devoted to five senior authors: Saad Elikhadem, Naim Kattan, Abla Farhoud, Wajdi Mouawad, and Hedi Bouraoui. Beginning with the introductory chapter and continuing through the book, she provides a solid theoretical basis for cultural and literary analysis of Arabic Canadian literature, using these representative francophone authors. Saad Elikhaden is \"among those Egyptian Canadian mediators (such as Alonzo and Naaman) who played a significant role in the transmission and diffusion of their own and other writer's products through the literary reviews and publishing houses they founded\" (46). Dahab's chapter on Elikhaden examines four of his major works in English--Wings of Lead (1971/1994), The Plague (1989), Trilogy of the Flying Egyptian (1990-1992), and One Night in Cairo (2001)--as complex experimental novels which capture political and cultural values, as well as the despair of the exile. The best-known Canadian writer in this study is Naim Kattan, remembered for his twenty-four years as an administrator in the Canada Council promoting the development of Canadian literature. For this public service work and for his thirty-four books, Kattan has been honoured with many awards from both Quebec and English Canada. Dahab's chapter on Kattan focuses on his early novel, Adieu Babylone (1975), then later works, L'Anniversaire (2000) and Le Gardien de mon frere","PeriodicalId":442294,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129990022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folk Furniture of Canada's Doukhobors, Hutterites, Mennonites and Ukrainians","authors":"J. Friesen","doi":"10.5860/choice.42-5035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-5035","url":null,"abstract":"Folk Furniture of Canada's Doukhobors, Hutterites, Mennonites and Ukrainians. John Fleming and Michael Rowan. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2004, 155 pp., including notes, bibliography, and index; $60.00 hc. The publisher appears to have made use of the latest in technological advances to present beautiful pictures featuring traditional designs of furniture unique to the four ethnocultural communities studied. The result is one of the most exquisitely illustrated books I have encountered in recent years. Folk Furniture is divided into six major sections, the first of which offers a discussion of utopian ideology and folk traditions. The authors readily admit that the origins of the Doukhobors, Hutterites, Mennonites, and Ukrainians are very different, but atone time they all shared a common fate under the dictatorship of Russian tsars. All four groups were basically peasant folk and shared a love of the land, suffered economic hardship, and longed to leave the country where they were persecuted for their religious beliefs. All eventually made it to North America, the utopian dream, where their communities are still easily identified. Not long after their arrival, their utopian ideology and craft traditions gave way to products of industrialization and the principles of early capitalism. The next four sections (chapters, actually) of the book describe and illustrate the crafts of the four groups, beginning with the Doukhobors. Originating in Russia, 7,500 Doukhobors migrated to Canada in 1899 with the blessing of Count Leo Tolstoy and the Quaker organization. Clifford Sinon, Canada's Minister of the Interior, made the arrangements. Featured themes of Doukhobor craftwork include their houses, furniture, picture frames, cupboards, chests, tables, cradles, spinning wheels, and even doors. The authors note that after arriving in Canada, the Doukhobors appear to have transformed their crafts to less heavy forms and made less use of embellishments such as diamonds, pinwheels, and rosettes. The origin of Hutterites and Mennonites is similar, both having grown out of the Anabaptist wing of the Protestant Reformation in Europe in the early part of the sixteenth century. During the late 1700s, they migrated to Russia to escape religious persecution, accepting the invitation of Catherine the Great. Eventually they made their way to the United States, but some soon opted to go to Canada to escape America's military mindset. …","PeriodicalId":442294,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128601662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is my Child Learning at Elementary School? Culturally Contested Issues Between Teachers and Latin American Families","authors":"J. Bernhard, Marlinda Freire","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14640225.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14640225.v1","url":null,"abstract":"This study is part of an extensive research project on children of Latin American immigrants, their teachers and families. Through participant observation in one designated Canadian school, we captured the perspectives of ten students, their parents and teachers. An additional thirty-five families from other elementary schools in Toronto were interviewed to test the trustworthiness of the initial analysis. From the stories of these families and our knowledge of their children's schools, we describe how the parents' practices interact with mainstream practices and how the former are constructed within the present school system. Findings reported include: 1) Issues in communication involved teachers' use of educational terms that the parents did not understand. Teachers' positively slanted reports of the children's progress were not understood as indicating the genuine weakness of the child's performance. 2) In most cases, the family's support was not effective in helping children improve their grades at school, and this resulted in family conflicts and parents becoming disengaged from their children's academic tasks. 3) Children and parents expected a more personal approach than the teachers provided. It is concluded that a critical interrogation of the structures of educational delivery is needed as well as attention to the perceptions, beliefs, goals and knowledge of minority parents.","PeriodicalId":442294,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126671656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Latin-American Parents' Group Participates in their Children's Schooling: Parent Involvement Reconsidered","authors":"J. Bernhard, Marlinda Freire, V. Pacini-Ketchabaw, Virginia Villanueva","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14636679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14636679","url":null,"abstract":"A Latin-American Parents' Group Participates in their Children's Schooling: Parent Involvement Reconsidered","PeriodicalId":442294,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116931111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}