Virtual Archaeology Review最新文献

{"title":"El “arte” del mármol: una aproximación arqueológica y digital a las serrerías hidráulicas del siglo XIX en el valle del Almanzora (Almería, España)","authors":"José Javier Carreño Soler, Alexis Maldonado Ruiz, Jorge Rouco Collazo","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.21657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.21657","url":null,"abstract":"Lo más importante: \u0000\u0000Se muestra el flujo metodológico para un análisis integral de Arqueología Industrial, incluyendo la aplicación de tecnologías de modelado 3D.\u0000Se analiza la materialidad de una de las primeras serrerías hidráulicas industriales de mármol de España, reconstruyendo su estructura y funcionamiento a mediados del siglo XIX.\u0000Se profundiza en el potencial de las herramientas digitales como elementos para la experimentación arqueológica, con interesantes aplicaciones a elementos del patrimonio industrial.\u0000\u0000 Resumen: \u0000El presente trabajo se enmarca en los procesos históricos de industrialización producidos en el valle del Almanzora (Almería, España) a lo largo del siglo XIX y principios del XX. En esta comarca con larga tradición en la explotación del mármol surgieron, en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, las serrerías hidráulicas. Estos complejos productivos basaban su funcionamiento en un sistema mecanizado denominado como “arte” o “telar”. La introducción de este mecanismo de corte permitió acelerar considerablemente el procesado. Esta progresiva mecanización de la industria del mármol asentó las bases de un próspero sector económico. Los restos de esta fábrica han sido analizados a través de dos líneas teóricas crecientes y con una gran heterogeneidad metodológica: la Arqueología Industrial y la Arqueología Virtual. El presente estudio aporta un flujo metodológico multidisciplinar para la investigación de este patrimonio, aplicado al caso concreto de la fábrica de Nicoli (Macael, Almería), construida en el siglo XIX. Así, se ha combinado el estudio de fuentes históricas, la prospección arqueológica y análisis paramental de los restos de la fábrica de Nicoli, que han sido documentados a través de fotogrametría ‘Structure from Motion’ con el apoyo de un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (VANT). Con todos estos datos, se ha procedido a su análisis digital y a la reconstrucción virtual de cómo sería esta fábrica en los inicios de su producción. El objetivo es emplear el modelado para testar distintas hipótesis constructivas y de organización del trabajo industrial de forma rápida, efectiva, de bajo coste y sin ningún tipo de afección al patrimonio material. Este enfoque interdisciplinar surge para demostrar que el pasado industrial puede abordarse, no solo desde disciplinas más técnicas, como la Arquitectura o la Ingeniería, sino también desde el propio seno de la Arqueología.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘In the shadows of a giant?’ A spatial analytical method for assessing coastal proximity using R: a case-study from the Bronze Age Saronic Gulf (Greece)","authors":"Christopher Nuttall","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.21694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.21694","url":null,"abstract":" Highlights: \u0000\u0000The study introduces novel methods in spatial analysis to reinterpret long-standing archaeological theories about settlement distribution\u0000Spatial analysis reveals fluctuating proximity of Bronze Age settlements to the coast in the Saronic Gulf, influenced by socio-cultural and climatic changes.\u0000Shifts in settlement patterns and external factors like the rise of Argolic centers reshaped Kolonna's influence, reorienting it towards its hinterlands.\u0000\u0000Abstract: \u0000This study explores the interrelation between settlement dynamics and coastal proximity during the Bronze Age in the Saronic Gulf, utilising an innovative spatial analytical approach. By integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistical methods in R, this paper analyses a dataset comprising 258 archaeological sites across diverse coastal and inland environments.  The methodology uses the Movecost package for R to calculate least-cost paths, quantifying the ease of access to coastlines, and enabling a nuanced interpretation of settlement patterns over time. Results indicate significant shifts in settlement patterns linked to socio-economic, climatic, and political changes.  The early phases, particularly during Early Helladic II, show an increased distance from the coast, suggesting a period less reliant on maritime activities despite the existence of extensive maritime networks. Conversely, Early Helladic III and Middle Helladic III–Late Helladic II periods mark a more pronounced coastal orientation; in the first case, it was probably connected to climatic instability and survival strategies and, in the second one, connected to socio-political change and economic opportunities. The analysis challenges traditional views of constant coastal habitation. Instead, it reveals a complex pattern where coastal proximity was not solely dictated by maritime capabilities:  it was a strategic choice influenced by a myriad of factors, including security, agricultural potential, external trade relations and climatic change.  The rise and fall of Kolonna, a significant urban centre, underscores these dynamics, as shifts in its regional influence correlate with broader Aegean power structures and climatic events. This paper contributes to the understanding of how ancient societies adapted their settlement strategies in response to changing socio-political circumstances. It also demonstrates the potential of R and spatial statistics as powerful tools for archaeological inquiry, providing new perspectives on traditional interpretations of ancient settlement patterns.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Cosa (Ansedonia, Italy): contributions of SAR-X images from the PAZ satellite to non-invasive archaeological prospecting","authors":"José Ignacio Fiz Fernández, Pere Manel Martín Serrano, Maria Mercè Grau Salvat, Antoni Cartes Reverté","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.21135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.21135","url":null,"abstract":" Highlights: \u0000\u0000Some archaeological results obtained using SAR-X images received through the PAZ satellite and applied to a part of what was called Ager Cosanus are shown in this article. \u0000The study has been completed with the analysis of multispectral images TripleSAT and Sentinel-2A and the historical aerial photos from 1944 and 1954.\u0000The possibilities of using PAZ images treated multi-temporally as a high-resolution panchromatic image applicable to multispectral optical images of the type Sentinel-2 were tested.\u0000\u0000Abstract: \u0000Some archaeological results are shown in this article, which have been generated from the use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-X images obtained from the PAZ satellite and applied to part of what was called Ager Cosanus, that is, the territory of the city of Cosa, which was one of the first maritime colonies of Rome in the heart of Etruscan territory. Our study has been carried out mainly based on previous works in which a set of images was used to improve the quality of the resulting image, reducing the noise caused by the speckle of the radar images and maintaining the quality of the spatial resolution that can be obtained from these images (1.25 m/pixel). More specifically, a set of images obtained between 2019 and 2021 was used. The study has been completed with the analysis of multispectral images TripleSAT and Sentinel-2A, the historical aerial photos taken from 1944 and 1954, and the use of the historical cadastre of Tuscany, prepared at the beginning of the 19th century. As an addition, the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) of the Region of Tuscany was used, on which various functions of the Relief Visualization Tool (RVT) programme have been applied, complementing or contrasting the results. It can be confirmed that the multi-temporal treatment of SAR PAZ images provides better results than an individualised analysis of the image. Finally, it is of great interest to verify the results of studies using new technologies, where it was previously possible to resort only to prospecting on the ground and to analogical aerial photography in black and white. In this case, the Sinistra Decumano I (SDI) structure was seen, which Castagnoli observed in the aerial photography, but of which he only located materials on the ground and it was visualised both in individualised PAZ images and in Sentinel-2.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aplicación de métodos de virtualización en arqueología: el caso de la estela A de la tumba de Henenu (TT 313, Deir el-Bahari, Egipto)","authors":"Antonio J. Morales, Mario Ramírez Galán, Marina Camacho Galán, Flavio Célis d’Amico, Ernesto Echeverría Valiente","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.20670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.20670","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights: \u0000\u0000La combinación de diversos métodos digitales para la reconstrucción virtual es una poderosa herramienta para la difusión y la investigación del patrimonio arqueológico.\u0000El trabajo con cientos de fragmentos hallados en la tumba de Henenu ha permitido la reconstrucción virtual de cuatro estelas funerarias, con especial detalle en el caso de la estela A.\u0000Las hipótesis, cálculos e interpretaciones derivadas de estas reconstrucciones virtuales han contribuido a identificar la posición inicial de estas estelas en el monumento.\u0000\u0000Resumen: \u0000Este trabajo pretende demostrar cómo la combinación de métodos digitales para la reconstrucción virtual en arqueología es mucho más que una simple herramienta para la difusión del patrimonio. A través del estudio de la tumba de Henenu (TT 313: Deir el-Bahari, Luxor), este artículo demuestra que los métodos de reconstrucción virtual constituyen una herramienta eficaz para examinar diversas hipótesis. Cientos de fragmentos de estelas fueron encontrados por la expedición del Museo Metropolitano (Nueva York) en 1922-1923. Tras este descubrimiento, los arqueólogos reconstruyeron cuatro estelas, destacando la estela A. Una vez recuperados los datos arqueológicos y arquitectónicos, los especialistas del MKTP procedieron a reconstruir las posibles dimensiones de estas estelas mediante técnicas digitales. Además, se examinó si las estelas encajaban en los nichos originales construidos para este propósito. En este artículo se plantea el flujo de trabajo empleado desde el escaneado láser hasta el modelado de las estelas, usando un escáner láser para documentar la tumba. Los datos fueron procesados con Leica Cyclone para obtener una malla, aunque la malla presentaba algo de “ruido”, anomalía que debió ser corregida con otro software. El resultado fue entonces exportado a Blender. De este modo se consiguió la reconstrucción virtual de la estela A de Henenu, que recibió texturas y otros rasgos con Substance Painter y Photoshop. El tema principal de la estela es la provisión de ofrendas y la garantía de beneficios para el difunto, lo que explicaría que el nicho de erección de la estela estuviera a la entrada de la tumba. Como se describe en las conclusiones, gracias a la aplicación de las técnicas de reconstrucción virtual y a los cálculos derivados de la misma, se ha podido elegir una de las hipótesis de reconstrucción y localización de las estelas, ofreciendo una respuesta a la pregunta inicial que se planteaba sobre el caso de la estela A.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Análisis constructivo y estructural de las baterías de costa en la playa La Chira (Perú)","authors":"Diego Javier Celis Estrada","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.20884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.20884","url":null,"abstract":"El virreinato del Perú, pieza fundamental en el Imperio Español, se caracterizó por su capital, Lima, y el estratégico puerto del Callao. A pesar de la presencia de la Fortaleza del Real Felipe en el Callao, el territorio enfrentó numerosas amenazas extranjeras. Esta investigación explora los planes defensivos del virreinato desde los primeros ataques piratas en el siglo XVII hasta las amenazas británicas del siglo XIX, con énfasis en el papel del virrey Abascal en la defensa contra movimientos independentistas y ataques enemigos desde Buenos Aires. La estrategia del virrey Abascal se centró en fortalecer las defensas militares en Lima, el Callao y proteger la costa peruana, dando lugar a la construcción de las baterías de costa en la playa La Chira. Estas baterías constituyen un testimonio invaluable de la arquitectura militar virreinal. La investigación no solo contribuye al reconocimiento de estas estructuras como parte del patrimonio histórico, sino que también proporciona una comprensión de la historia y la identidad cultural de la región. El estudio busca enriquecer la comprensión del sistema defensivo costero del siglo XIX empleando herramientas avanzadas como fotogrametría y sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) para analizar la arquitectura y planificación de las baterías, así como evaluar su estado actual. Este estudio invita a la comunidad académica a explorar a fondo estas baterías de costa e insta a las autoridades culturales a actuar para preservarlas y reconocerlas oficialmente como parte integral del patrimonio del Perú. La falta de acción no solo arriesga la pérdida de estas estructuras históricas, sino también priva al país de una comprensión más completa de su pasado. La preocupación sobre el estado de conservación es apremiante, ya que, a pesar de resistir las inclemencias del tiempo durante dos siglos, su deterioro se ha acelerado por la intervención humana.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aproximaciones al paisaje arqueológico en las tierras bajas sudamericanas: un estudio SIG en el noreste de Buenos Aires (Argentina)","authors":"N. M. Ghiani Echenique, Andrés Jakel","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.19693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.19693","url":null,"abstract":"La investigación arqueológica regional enfocada en el paisaje fue realizada en el sector meridional del partido de Punta Indio (noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina). En este sector de 722 km2, que contaba con escasos antecedentes arqueológicos, se realizaron prospecciones en las cuales fueron registrados los sitios Los Tres Ombúes, El Puesto, Don Enrique y Corral del Indio. La integración de los datos obtenidos posibilitó la comprensión del sector como parte del paisaje habitado por grupos cazadores-recolectores en momentos del Holoceno tardío (1110-260 años C14 AP; 982-1796 años cal.), con una notoria participación en redes regionales de interacción social. Este artículo tiene por objetivo, por una parte, presentar el análisis de la información espacial resultante del abordaje arqueológico del sector meridional del partido de Punta Indio y su integración regional, realizado mediante Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG); por otra parte, discutir su aporte al estudio del paisaje arqueológico del Holoceno tardío en el noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). El análisis implicó tres escalas: el sitio arqueológico, el sector de estudio y la escala regional (recorte espacial de 12.000 km2). En primer lugar, se abordaron la visibilidad y la accesibilidad al entorno inmediato para cada sitio. También se establecieron áreas de tránsito que permitieron indagar la movilidad en el sector y para una escala más amplia, lo cual implicó integrar los resultados obtenidos con el conocimiento arqueológico relativo a las áreas vecinas. Asimismo, fue realizada una evaluación multicriterio de alcance regional, la cual permitió generar un modelo actualístico de aptitud respecto a la localización de los lugares habitados. Se destaca el aporte de los SIG al estudio arqueológico de los grupos cazadores-recolectores en contextos de tierras bajas, al propiciar la interpretación de las estrategias para habitar el paisaje implementadas por dichos grupos.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139618531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fortified defence of the west of the Santaver Cora through geographic information systems (GIS): a multidisciplinary study","authors":"Leonor Parra-Aguilar","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.20168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.20168","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, archaeological, historical and geographical research assisted by Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has shown relevant results. However, the area of study proposed in this paper, together with the historical context chosen, has lacked specific multidisciplinary research that brings together the three disciplines aforementioned. This article presents analyses carried out using QGIS software. It also explains and contrasts the results obtained with the archaeological studies and fieldwork.\u0000The study area chosen here belonged to the westernmost territories of the ancient \"cora de Santaver\". The Order of Santiago inherited these territories at a later date. Currently, the territory coincides with La Mancha of Toledo and Cuenca. The proposed chronology starts in the 10th century, with the Muslims settled in the Iberian Peninsula. And it ends in the 16th century, a time after the Christian population was definitively established in the area. This chronology was chosen because it allows researchers to evaluate the role of the fortifications from their origin until their integration after the Christian conquest.\u0000The methodology applied has made possible to locate 86 fortifications of different types over an area of more than 5000 km2. These were built by the Andalusi population between the 10th and 12th centuries. GIS analyses were carried out on these fortifications. They consisted of visibility basins, intervisibility networks and heat maps.\u0000The results showed that the fortresses visually controlled the entire territory. This made it difficult to conquer. Entering this territory riddled with fortresses did not allow any medieval army to conquer the capital: Uclés. The GIS study has made it possible to evaluate the defensive patterns created. One of these patterns shows the existence of towers capable of observing over a long distance: 50 km. These towers sequentially connect to other fortresses that have a shorter visual range. This network of fortresses not only defined patterns of territorial defence, but also of occupation of the territory. The distribution of these buildings shows where the population preferred to live, as many of these fortresses were associated with places of habitation. It also reveals where they feared their enemies would approach or where they obtained the resources they most desired.\u0000It has also been possible to stipulate a typology of the fortresses, common constructive elements and their functions. The fortifications observed are two qaṣr, one munya, one ma'qil, two qal'a, five qarya, two qaṣabah, ten ṭalā'i' and the rest have been identified as husûn. \u0000It is proven that the fortresses were simple buildings. They were built to protect the population and their resources, as well as for communication purposes. They were built on rocky crags that were not the highest in the area, but were the best visually connected to neighbouring fortresses. They were built on a flattened stone surface and used a 'zarpa'","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139623101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital enhancement and photogrammetric recording of La Joquera Levantine rock art (Borriol, Castelló)","authors":"I. Domingo, P. Javadi, Dídac Román","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.19906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.19906","url":null,"abstract":"The heritage values of Levantine rock art, as UNESCO World Heritage since 1998 and as an Asset of Cultural Interest since 1985 according to the Spanish Heritage Act, together with its fragile nature, demand developing initiatives aimed at regularly revisiting and monitoring the sites and updating any existing records (descriptions, tracings, photographs, etc.). This is especially important for long-known sites, such as La Joquera, discovered and first graphically recorded in 1930 and for which these records have not been updated for decades. Such revisits should be aimed to: a) asses the integrity of the finds since their discovery or since the last revision; b) test whether current digital technologies can improve previous interpretations and reproductions of the art preserved there; and c) produce accurate three-dimensional (3D) photorealistic models that capture the 3D nature of this heritage and even improve the visualisation of motifs. These integral approaches are relevant to the qualitative and quantitative study of the art, as well as to its preservation and monitoring, and creation of digital archives to ensure a virtual future for Levantine art. This paper reports the technologies and methods used, the challenges faced (in terms of space available, lighting restrictions and the visual interference caused by the protective fence), and the results obtained at La Joquera rock art site as part of the 2D and 3D digital recording of the rock surface, the colour and the motifs depicted. Highlights of this paper include the identification of previously invisible weaponry and adornments of the only archer preserved on this site, as well as some other incomplete remains. Deliverables also include the production of a photorealistic model on which colour-intensified tracings are projected. This facilitates the identification of art that is now extremely faded and offers a closer look at what the site may have looked like originally.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation and degradation study using point clouds in natatio of the Western Baths at La Alcudia in Elche (Alicante)","authors":"J. A. Huesca-Tortosa, María del Rosario Pacheco-Mateo, Mercedes Tendero-Porras, David Torregrosa-Fuentes, Yolanda Spairani-Berrio","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.20417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.20417","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the study of construction and geometry, as well as with the analysis of deformations and active degradations of the natatio belonging to the Western Baths in La Alcudia archaeological site. Its location in Elche-Alicante, Spain (Colonia Iulia Ilici Augusta), is widely known for the discovery of The Lady of Elche in 1897. The dimensions of this natatio in the frigidarium are 6.60 x 9.30 m (22 x 31 Roman feet) and 1.50 m deep, making it one of the largest Roman swimming pools documented to date on the Iberian Peninsula. The natatio has several cracks sealed with materials used in earlier interventions at the end of the third century. Its comparison with the hypothetical original form allowed the researchers to quantify the current deformations. A damage evolution study has been made comparing the 2016 point cloud with the 2022 cloud, both obtained by light detection and ranging (LIDAR). There is evidence that an active process of degradation and deformation is gradually increasing damage to the pool. By studying the geometry and constructive systems of the natatio, relevant data to understand the historical evolution of the Western Baths have been provided. A results analysis conclusion is that the pool was built in two different stages. The eastern half corresponds to the original natatio, while the western half was extended or rebuilt after having collapsed. The early abandonment of the use of the natatio was most likely due to deformations caused by differential settlement; this occurred when the western half was cemented on landfill between the ancient wall and that of the last third of the 1st century AD.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web-based platform to collect, share and manage technical data of historical systemic architectures: the Telegraphic Towers along the Madrid-Valencia path","authors":"M. Lasorella, Pasquale De-Dato, E. Cantatore","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.20341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.20341","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the variety of architectural Cultural Heritage typologies, systemic architectures require specific attention in the recovery process. The dimensions of \"extension\" and \"recurrence\" at geographic and technological levels affect the complexity of their knowledge process; they require systematic ways for their categorisation and comprehension to guarantee correct diagnosis and suitable rehabilitation. Recent applications involving Internet of Things (IoT) for the built Cultural Heritage have demonstrated the potentialities of three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS) models and structured databases in supporting complex degrees of knowledge for technicians, as well as management for administrators. Starting from such experiences, the work presents the setting up of a web-based platform to support the knowledge and management of systemic architectures, considering the geographical distribution of fabrics, natural and anthropic boundary conditions, and technical and administrative details. The platform takes advantage of digital models, machine and deep learning procedures and relational databases, in a GIS-based environment, for the recognition and categorisation of prevalent physical and qualitative features of systemic architectures, the recognition and qualification of dominant and recurrent decays and the management of recovery activities in a semi-automatic way. Specifically, the main digital objects used for testing the applied techniques and setting up the platform are based on Red-Green-Blue (RGB) and mapped point clouds of the historical Telegraphic Towers located along the Madrid-Valencia path, resulting from the on-site investigations. Their choice is motivated by the high level of knowledge about the cases reached in the last years by the authors, allowing them to test rules within the decision support systems and innovative techniques for their decay mapping. As the experience has demonstrated, the systematisation of technical details and operative pipeline of methods and tools allow the normalisation and standardisation of the intervention selection process; this offers policymakers an innovative tool based on traditional procedures for conservation plans, coherent with a priority-based practice.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}