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Albanian Customary Law, Religion, and the Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust 阿尔巴尼亚习惯法、宗教和大屠杀期间对犹太人的救援
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcac039
V. Malaj
{"title":"Albanian Customary Law, Religion, and the Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust","authors":"V. Malaj","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcac039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcac039","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Albania was the only German-occupied country in which the number of Jews increased after World War II. Almost all native Jews of Albania survived the Holocaust, and thousands of Jewish refugees from other European countries were assisted and protected during the years 1933–1945. The rescue was facilitated by a unique mixture of factors, but the main common motivation of Muslim, Catholic, and Orthodox rescuers was Besa, the crucial element of Kanun, the Albanian customary law.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85747446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decolonization and Genocide: Re-Examining Indian Partition, 1946–1947 非殖民化和种族灭绝:重新审视印度分治，1946-1947
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcac035
Sayantan Jana
{"title":"Decolonization and Genocide: Re-Examining Indian Partition, 1946–1947","authors":"Sayantan Jana","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcac035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcac035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article proposes that the Indian Partition of 1947 could be classified as a form of “decolonizing genocide.” It draws upon the original Lemkinian criteria for genocide in order to re-examine aspects of Partition violence. The author thus discusses the need to expand the existing terminology and frameworks that scholars have previously used to analyze the Partition; examines the different state and non-state groups involved, and how the climate of decolonization enabled different state and non-state groups to mobilize in various forms and degrees; and studies the victim groups, particularly, women and their experiences of sexual violence. From the case of Indian Partition, this article argues that the conditions present during decolonization help to perpetuate a specific kind of organized violence, carried out by state, quasi-state, and non-state agents, which is genocidal in both its logic and nature. Thus, re-examining Indian Partition as decolonizing genocide allows us to move beyond Eurocentric and state-oriented definitions of genocide in order to create a more effective approach towards understanding mass violence in decolonizing and postcolonial societies.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84310835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Early Deportations of Jews in Occupied Poland (October 1939–June 1940): The German and the Soviet Cases 被占领波兰早期犹太人的驱逐(1939年10月- 1940年6月):德国和苏联案例
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcac026
A. Pulvermacher
{"title":"Early Deportations of Jews in Occupied Poland (October 1939–June 1940): The German and the Soviet Cases","authors":"A. Pulvermacher","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcac026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcac026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:After the division of Poland in September 1939 following the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact, deportations of Polish citizens were part of the Nazis' plan to \"Germanize\" western and northern Poland, though the Jewish dimension of these events has hardly been investigated. Beyond the organized deportations by the German Security Police, there were local initiatives to expel Jews to the Soviet Zone of partitioned Poland. In the Soviet-occupied Polish territories, many Jews were deported in 1940 to remote areas of the USSR either as \"unreliable\" or \"class alien elements,\" or because of their refusal to accept Soviet citizenship. While the brutal Soviet policies unintendedly saved the majority of deported Jews from German extermination, the German deportations were the precursors to total mass murder. This article describes and compares the deportations on both sides, reconstructs the German transports, and concludes that the USSR's deportations were part of its ongoing war against political opponents and \"alien elements,\" whereas the Germans' were stepping stones on Karl A. Schleunes's \"twisted road to Auschwitz.\"","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90218265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Allied Aerial Imagery of the Jasenovac Concentration Camp and Killing Center 贾塞诺瓦茨集中营和屠杀中心的盟军航空图像
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcac025
Goran Hutinec
{"title":"Allied Aerial Imagery of the Jasenovac Concentration Camp and Killing Center","authors":"Goran Hutinec","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcac025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcac025","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Allied aerial imagery of the Jasenovac concentration camp and killing site taken between 1944 and 1945 contributes to our understanding of the camp's topography and function. These images, previously unknown to the scholarly community, provide insight into the daily life of Jasenovac's inmates, and show traces of mass murder and genocide. They provide evidence of the Allied bombing of the camp in 1945, and corroborate testimonies detailing the Ustaša attempts to eradicate the traces of mass murder in the final weeks of the war.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74636961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Whose Victims and Whose Survivors? Polish Jewish Refugees between Holocaust and Gulag Memory Cultures 谁是受害者，谁是幸存者?大屠杀和古拉格记忆文化之间的波兰犹太难民
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcac029
Lidia Zessin-Jurek
{"title":"Whose Victims and Whose Survivors? Polish Jewish Refugees between Holocaust and Gulag Memory Cultures","authors":"Lidia Zessin-Jurek","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcac029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcac029","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Holocaust and Gulag studies are witnessing the belated emergence of the Soviet experience of Jewish escapees from Nazi-occupied Poland as a lieu de mémoire in its own right. Although not commemorated in official ritual, museum spaces, or memorial sites, the sheer mass of published testimonies by survivors of this experience far outweighs the previous lack of attention to the refugees' story. It was the agency of the refugee survivors themselves which subsequently put their Soviet experience on the mnemonic map of World War II. This article discusses both the reasons for that lack of attention and the current growing interest in their accounts. It proposes a typology based on questions of victimhood and perpetratorship, analyzed through the contrast between the way the Jewish exiles in the USSR interpreted their experiences and how those who experienced the Holocaust directly interpreted theirs. The article thus asks, whose victims did the refugees consider themselves, the Germans' or the Soviets'?","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73097305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Nazi Rescuer? Fritz Schellhorn and the Contested Memory of the Holocaust in Romania 纳粹救援者?弗里茨·谢尔霍恩和罗马尼亚大屠杀的争议记忆
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcac030
G. Fisher
{"title":"A Nazi Rescuer? Fritz Schellhorn and the Contested Memory of the Holocaust in Romania","authors":"G. Fisher","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcac030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcac030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This study addresses the role of Fritz Schellhorn, the German consul in Cernăuţi (Czernowitz), Romania before and during World War II. Recently Schellhorn has been presented as a rescuer of Jews during the Holocaust. Based largely on Schellhorn's papers in the German Foreign Office Archives, some have argued that it was not, as previously believed, the wartime mayor and Righteous Among the Nations Traian Popovici, but Schellhorn, who prevented the deportation of 20,000 of Cernăuţi's Jews by the Romanians during World War II. The following suggests that Schellhorn occupied a more ambivalent position. First, it argues that his actions should be considered in light of power and interethnic relations in the region. Second, it shows that Schellhorn's legacy includes a decades-long struggle to obstruct the compensation of many Romanian Holocaust survivors by West Germany. Emphasizing Romania's sole responsibility for the crimes, Schellhorn engaged in a range of postwar interactions—sometimes public, sometimes hostile—with Jewish survivors he had helped and others he had not. The article thus examines Schellhorn's wartime and postwar activities anew. For one thing, it places these against the backdrop of the Holocaust in Romania's particular dynamics and contested aftermath. But beyond this, it contributes to the debate over the static labels used to categorize people's behaviors during the Holocaust and thereby explores the wider and complex links between history, memory, and reckoning.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84331674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Messianism Refigured: Tadeusz Zygfryd Kassern's Musical Monument to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 重新塑造的弥赛亚主义:Tadeusz Zygfryd Kassern的华沙犹太人起义音乐纪念碑
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-09 DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcac020
J. M. Pierce
{"title":"Messianism Refigured: Tadeusz Zygfryd Kassern's Musical Monument to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising","authors":"J. M. Pierce","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcac020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcac020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay explores the commemorative stance of Tadeusz Zygfryd Kassern's opera The Anointed (1951) toward the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and situates the work within an early and volatile period of cultural responses to the Holocaust in Poland and the United States. Through a close examination of the opera's literary sources and musical setting, as well as the archival materials related to its creation, the essay shows how the opera treats Polish Romantic messianism as a symbolic language with which to grapple with Jewish resistance to the Holocaust, even as similar messianic tropes were being used to consolidate Polish ethnonationalist memory of World War II.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90718086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fritz Bauer: The Jewish Prosecutor Who Brought Eichmann and Auschwitz to Trial by Ronen Steinke (review) 弗里茨·鲍尔:将艾希曼和奥斯维辛送上法庭的犹太检察官，作者:罗南·施泰因克(书评)
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcac016
Douglas G. Morris
{"title":"Fritz Bauer: The Jewish Prosecutor Who Brought Eichmann and Auschwitz to Trial by Ronen Steinke (review)","authors":"Douglas G. Morris","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcac016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcac016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76181592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Everyday Justice: Legal Aid for Jewish Displaced Persons, Germany, 1945–1950 每日正义:对犹太流离失所者的法律援助，德国，1945-1950
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcac021
Rivka Brot
{"title":"Everyday Justice: Legal Aid for Jewish Displaced Persons, Germany, 1945–1950","authors":"Rivka Brot","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcac021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcac021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Welfare workers volunteering with the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), a Jewish welfare organization, delivered crucial legal assistance to Holocaust survivors gathered in displaced persons (DP) camps in the American Zone of occupied Germany; however, today their story is largely forgotten. Their legal aid program embodied a unique relationship between social work and law. JDC relief workers developed a legal consciousness in response to the many injustices they witnessed in the DP camps, which allowed them to identify the gap between the basic support provided by relief programs, and the actual needs of the DPs. From this awareness they gradually developed a program of legal welfare, assisted Jews in their daily interactions with Americans and Germans, provided them with legal instruction and education, and protected them when conflicts arose. These JDC volunteers were fueled by a sense of moral responsibility and compassion for the Jewish DPs, who were forced to live in a foreign and often hostile environment. Remarkably, this story has largely been neglected in Holocaust scholarship, though the archives have yielded hundreds of reports by JDC welfare workers, as well as the papers of Oskar Mintzer, a key figure in the creation of the JDC's legal aid program. The JDC was at the forefront of an unprecedented humanitarian crisis, and this aspect of its work represents a forgotten milestone in the development of a more holistic approach to refugee assistance and support. This study offers a starting point for further research in order to better understand humanitarian aid for asylum seekers, DPs, and refugees in the twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86380895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Right Wrong Man: John Demjanjuk and the Last Great Nazi War Crimes Trial by Lawrence Douglas (review) 《是非之人:约翰·德米扬鲁克与最后一次纳粹战争罪审判》，劳伦斯·道格拉斯著(书评)
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcac027
G. Simpson
{"title":"The Right Wrong Man: John Demjanjuk and the Last Great Nazi War Crimes Trial by Lawrence Douglas (review)","authors":"G. Simpson","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcac027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcac027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83559992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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