JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE最新文献

{"title":"IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE, UNEMPLOYMENT, INFLATION AND HOUSEHOLDS CONSUMPTION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDIA","authors":"J. Sinha","doi":"10.47509/jdef.2023.v04i01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2023.v04i01.11","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of government expenditure, unemployment, inflation, and household consumption on the economic growth of India over the period 1990-2021 has been examined in this paper. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis was performed by observing the assumptions of the classical linear model. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philips-Perron (PP) tests were carried out for stationarity of the concerned variables. The study found that increasing government expenditure has a strong positive influence on the growth of national income and consumption and a negative influence on unemployment in India. The study recommends increasing government expenditure that could accelerate economic growth and create employment opportunities that also have a positive impact on improving consumption. Results indicate that inflation significantly depresses economic performance in India because of uncertainty and reduces investment, employment, and consequently output and consumption level. Unemployment has not significantly impacted the real GDP in India. Investment in physical capital and human capital has significantly promoted economic performance in India because investment in human capital improves the productivity of the labor forces and hence increases output and investment in physical capital increases the amount of capital per unit of labor and these have the potency of increasing productivity per worker. The overall effect is the increase in output and therefore economic performance. The study recommends increasing government expenditure as it boosts aggregate demand which could accelerate economic growth and create employment opportunities and enhance the consumption level of the public.","PeriodicalId":441554,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128147271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PRICE CHANGES ON PRICES OF FOOD ITEMS IN THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY","authors":"Kyarem Richard N., Felix Emmanuel Dodo","doi":"10.47509/jdef.2023.v04i01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2023.v04i01.05","url":null,"abstract":"There seems to be disequilibrium between food items and petroleum price changes in Nigeria. Every petroleum price change is followed by a rise in the prices of food items and increased poverty. This study therefore examines the impact of petroleum product price changes on the prices of food items in the Nigerian economy. Annual time series data from 1991 to 2021 are employed and the study adopt ARDL approach to determine the long-run and short-run relationship between the price of premium motor spirits and the price of food items in Nigeria. However, as it is reported by the unit root test there is a mixture of 1(0) and 1(1) order of cointegration. With these results, it is more suitable to apply the ARDL approach. The results show that the price of premium motor spirit has a positive and significant impact on food items during the short run but in the long run, the prices of premium motor spirits have a positive and insignificant impact on the food items in Nigeria. The results of the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) causality tests show that there is a unidirectional causality running from the price of food items to the price of premium motor spirit and from the exchange rate to the price of food items. Therefore, the government should implement policies that encourage agricultural productivity which has great potential of boosting food supply so as to reduce the price of food items across the country. This way, timely increases in petroleum prices would generate more revenue without inflationary trends in food items.","PeriodicalId":441554,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124328782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF COCOA PRODUCTION IN IDANRE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Oladoyin O. P., Aturamu, O.A.","doi":"10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.06","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the cost-benefit of cocoa production in Idanre Local Government Area of Ondo State. Primary data were used for this study and a well-structured questionnaire and personal interview were used for the collection of the data. The production data covered a period of 3years (2018- 2020). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that the majority (64.2%) of the farmers were within the active age group, with an average age of 55years old. About 72.5% of the cocoa farmers were male and 27.5% were female. Majority (68.3%) of the farmers were married and nearly (65.0%) had a household size of 4 – 6 members. The sampled cocoa farmers had an average farming experience of 17 years, while about 75% of the farmers had formal education and 25% had no formal education. The study revealed that the total costs were estimated to be N165,001.85, N120,822.62 and N108,243.55 for the period of 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The study recorded a Net Farm Income of N360,437.17, N499,228.80 and N591,993.82 across the years. The result of the cost-benefit analysis showed that at an interest rate of 20%, cocoa production was profitable. Also, a benefit-cost ratio of 4.48 was obtained indicating that for every N1 invested in cocoa production, a profit of N3.48 kobo was made as a profit which implies that cocoa production was profitable in the study area. The result revealed that inadequate credit facilities are the major constraint in the study area followed by inadequate modern equipment. This implies that the majority of the cocoa farmers are still practising the traditional farming method. Therefore, it is recommended that extension workers should be visiting the farmers in the study area regularly to enlighten them on modern techniques to adopt to boost cocoa production in the study area.","PeriodicalId":441554,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121047634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SHI ZHENGYI ON ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND DISPARITIES IN WESTERN CHINA MINORITY REGIONS","authors":"R. Tian, Yangkuo Li","doi":"10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.10","url":null,"abstract":"his paper aims to introduce Professor Shi Zhengyi’s theory that the minority regions in western China should develop faster to reduce the regional development disparities within China. Significant accomplishments have been achieved in the economic and social development of China’s ethnic minority regions since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. However, there is still a significant gap between the minority regions in western China and the developed regions regarding socio-economic growth. Professor Shi Zheng yi sug gested that the “accelerating development” policy needs to be upgraded as an “accelerating strategy” in western minority regions based on a thorough analysis of the actual socio-economic development situation in ethnic minority regions. He suggested elevating the “accelerating approach” to the status of “accelerating policy” in the western minority regions.","PeriodicalId":441554,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117326925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENTREPRENEURSHIP, SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND ENDOGENOUS GROWTH","authors":"K. Omer","doi":"10.47509/jdef.2023.v04i01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2023.v04i01.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a model highlighting the effect of entrepreneurship on economic growth through social environment (forced mutual help and mimetic dynamics) compatible to an African context. The mimetic dynamics arise when the presence of foreign entrepreneurship inspires local entrepreneurship to develop endogenously through a cumulative process. By using an endogenous growth model (AK model), we show that economic growth is related to usual variables (entrepreneurial rate, productivity of capital, fraction of the economic surplus, rate of depreciation of the capital, fraction of the variation of the investment coming from the economic surplus). Importantly, economic growth is positively related to entrepreneurship through mimetic dynamics depending on some values of an indicator of forced mutual help. For some of these values, the ones compatible with too much community-based transfers, reducing those transfers induce a reinforcement of the impact of mimetic dynamics in entrepreneurship on economic growth. So that, in the context of an economy where the investible surplus is strongly dissolved into the universe of social obligations, governmental policies can reinforce the positive impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth by reducing those community-based transfers.","PeriodicalId":441554,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130299867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE GRANGER CAUSALITY TEST APPROACH","authors":"S. Magaji, Mansur Mohammed Abubakar","doi":"10.47509/jdef.2023.v04i01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2023.v04i01.06","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzes the impact of international trade on economic growth in Nigeria. Using Granger Causality test it indicates that trade balance does not Granger cause real gross domestic product at 5% level of significance. It also indicates that the degree of trade openness does not Granger cause real gross domestic product at 5% level of significance. The regression result shows that trade is not statistically significant to economic growth. Also, the result shows that trade openness is not statistically significant to economic growth. It is recommended that there is need for effective foreign exchange management capable of ensuring optimal productivity in the critical sectors of the economy. This can be achieved by diversification of the economy away from oil with a view to expanding export of non-oil goods and services to strengthen naira exchange rate under the managed float regime.","PeriodicalId":441554,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116359704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND INFLATION ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF INDIA","authors":"J. Sinha","doi":"10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.09","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of unemployment and inflation on the output growth of India over the period 1990 -2021 have been examined in this paper. The method of Panel Unit Root test; Panel Cointegration test; Mean Group and Pooled Mean group test; were applied in this study. The study provides evidence of having up to four co-integrating relationships among the variables applied and has not suffered from serial correlation, heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity to carry out the stability of the estimated coefficients using the cumovulative sum (CUSUM) of recursive residuals. The logarithm of capital stock and investment in human capital (HUCAP) have a significantly stimulating impact on the logarithm of output in India in the long run. The result shows that a one percent increase in capital stock is liable to increase the real gross domestic by 0.154% in the long run, while a unit increase in human capital investment is susceptible to increasing real GDP by 0.002% in the long run, assuming all other factors are held constant. The inflation rate, however, has a depressing impact on real GDP in India. A 1% increase in inflation is liable to reduce real GDP by 0.004% in the long run. The results have also shown that unemployment (UNEMPL) has no significant impact on the logarithm of real GDP in the long run as it has a greater significance level. The short-run results have shown that if the log real GDP deviates from its long-run, it recovers over 32% in one year. Results indicate that inflation significantly depresses economic performance in India because of uncertainty and reduces investment, employment, and consequently output. Unemployment has not significantly impacted real GDP in India, the reasons being the use of a log of real GDP, the nature of the regression model applied, and controlling for the possible impact of human capital and physical capital. Investment in physical capital and human capital has significantly promoted economic performance in India because investment in human capital improves the productivity of the labor forces and hence increases output and investment in physical capital increases the amount of capital per unit of labor and these have the potency of increasing productivity per worker. The overall effect is an increase in output and therefore economic performance. Unemployment is caused by various reasons but the main causes are the high growth rate of the population; the lack of job opportunities; and the inefficiencies of the public sector. The Government of India may focus on creating a proper environment for the private sector to create jobs and increase job opportunities; and modernization of the agriculture sector through its strategies and resources that include attracting foreign investors.","PeriodicalId":441554,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128401612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MEASURING THE TAX REVENUE AND TAX BASE EROSION; EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN","authors":"Y. Wang","doi":"10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.11","url":null,"abstract":"Basically, tax evasion is a gamble taken by private agents and limited “public-sector”. It is rather difficult to get accurate information about the extent of underground economy activities in the goods and labour market, because all individuals engaged in those activities wish not to be identified. Undoubtedly, engaging in the research can be considered as a scientific passion for knowing the unknown. To explore the relationship among economic growth, tax rate, debt, consumer price index and tax revenue. This study differs from the traditional methodology. We adopt SUR-OLS method and Threshold approach for estimating the response of economic growth on total tax revenue,direct tax revenue and indirect tax revenue in Taiwan from 1991-2020. This paper further discusses the response of total tax, direct tax and indirect tax to the fluctuation of tax rate. We show that as the tax rate is between 12.59% and 13%, the increase of income leads to the decrease instead of the increase for direct tax revenue, resulting in serious tax base erosion. That is, the relationship between GDP and TTR presents a Nshaped relationship. However, indirect tax does not exist any tax rate threshold effect, On the other hand, with the increase of GDP, indirect tax revenue also increases.","PeriodicalId":441554,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126520326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING AND FIRM VALUE OF LISTED OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA","authors":"Onoh, Uloma Adonye, K. Biradawa, Ndubuisi O. C.","doi":"10.47509/jdef.2023.v04i01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2023.v04i01.09","url":null,"abstract":"Aside adequate financial capital, companies also require strong governance and workplace practice that recognizes environmental and social needs of current and future stakeholders for it to achieve long term sustainability. The work examined the effect of sustainability reporting practices of environmental, social and economic on the firm value proxied by Tobin’s Q of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The work relied mainly on secondary source of data and comprised of published annual reports. The analytical tools consist of descriptive and correlation matrix. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression. The research answered that; environmental sustainability reporting has a positive significant effect on the value of listed oil and gas firm in Nigeria. Also, economic sustainability reporting has a negative significant effect on the value of listed oil and gas firm in Nigeria. The result also showed that firm characteristics proxied by sales growth and leverage exerts a negative significant effect, whereas, firm size exerts a positive significant effect on sustainability reporting and firm value of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The work concluded that adequate compliance with sustainability rules and regulation will go a long way to bring more investors to the company which will in turn ultimately increase the firm value. Based on the above findings, the work recommended that oil and gas firms should comply 100% with the rules and regulations of sustainability reporting to increase the value of their firm in the long run.","PeriodicalId":441554,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129806162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE REAL ESTATE SECTOR IN ZIMBABWE","authors":"Shepard Makurumidze, Aaron Kalisa","doi":"10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.02","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation sought to assess the connection between the exchange rate fluctuations and property sector performance in Harare. Zimbabwe’s real estate sector is undergoing a dip in terms of sales and vacancy levels. The real estate sector in Harare has been growing at a very slow rate in recent years resulting in thousands of jobs and the viability of the whole economy being threatened. A pragmatist approach and descriptive research design was applied in the investigation. A stratified random sample of 171 respondents was used in the administration of survey questionnaires were used. Primary data was collected by using survey questionnaires while secondary data was obtained from past researches, journals, reports from the Real Estate Institute of Zimbabwe (REIZ) and other exiting literature. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The major findings of the study were that from the research overwhelmingly confirm to the hypothesis that exchange rate fluctuations had a negative impact on real estate sector performance in Zimbabwe and from the correlation tests done in the study, it was concluded that there was a strong negative correlation between exchange rate fluctuations and real estate sector performance. This implied that a stable exchange was key to the growth in real estate sector and was an imperative deliverable by the monetary authorities.","PeriodicalId":441554,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133282577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}