Journal of Applied Plant Protection最新文献

{"title":"Early Warning of Wheat Leaf Rust Disease and Prediction Disease Status Based on the Modeling Weather","authors":"Khadegah M. A. Fahim","doi":"10.21608/japp.2021.234782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/japp.2021.234782","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat leaf rust (WLR), caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt) is an epidemic disease. The present study was concerned with the epidemiology of WLR disease in Egypt during the 2014/16 growing seasons, in Egypt. To study the effect of climatic factors on WLR incidence; four wheat genotypes were screened against WLR, under field conditions at Kafer El-Sheikh and Beni-Suef governorates. The average daily temperature during the four months of the study was closely related to the development and final rust severity %. The weather data indicated that most of January and February nights of 2014/2015 were relatively cool (min temperature <10°C) at wheat growing areas. There was a big contrast in this regard with January and February of 2015/2016 at Kafr El-Sheikh and Beni Suef, which had relatively warm nights. An epidemic of WLR disease started 10 to 16 days earlier during 2015/2016 rather than 2014/2015. It depends on the favorability of weather conditions such as early warm seasons. Disease infection in wheat crop highly influenced meteorometeorids’ highly influenced logicall factors. The weather-based modeling for early warring disease infestation may provide appropriate tool for investigating and predicting disease status.","PeriodicalId":441161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Plant Protection","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123557537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Record of the Long-Horned Beetle, Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan 1906 (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) Infesting Golden Shower Tree, Cassia fistula in Egypt","authors":"Nehal O. Swelam","doi":"10.21608/japp.2021.222797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/japp.2021.222797","url":null,"abstract":"The long-horned beetle, Xylotrechus stebbingi, Cerambycidae; Coleoptera was recorded for the first time on the golden shower tree, Cassia fistula at Shebin Elkom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt during June 2019.Hole of about half-centimeter diameter was noticed in a branch of Cassia fistula tree and expected as insect injury. After observation, two insect individuals were observed and classified as male on 28 of April 2020: and a female on the 1of May 2020. Morphological characters (front, antenna, elytra, and legs) were described under a dissecting stereoscopic microscope with a 10x lens. Photographic pictures were also taken with a mobile camera without zoom. The individuals were identified as the longhorned beetle, Xylotrechus stebbingiwith the aid of the key created by (Gahan, 1906). Xylotrechus stebbingi length average as 2.2 cm in male and 1.9 cm in female. Corresponding figures for width is 0.60.5cm. Head of hypognathous position front covered with minute hairs with a V-shaped red-brown protrusion, compound eyes look like commas or curved water droplet, antenna filiform of 10 segments. Pronotum has three black spots in an inverted triangle, looks like a rabbit face, pronotal base part has 2 white spots distributed above the scutellum. The elytra have three transverse white lines; the base and the tip have more fuzz. Pro-femurs reach the first transverse elytra line, pro-leg of the same length as meta-femur, the last one passes the body and elytra, meta-leg is as tall as the body approximately, meso-femurs reach the third transverse line.","PeriodicalId":441161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Plant Protection","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132516318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive Biology of Tuta absoluta on Four Solanaceous Host Plants","authors":"Abdelhady, M. A., M. A. M. Osman","doi":"10.21608/japp.2021.222798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/japp.2021.222798","url":null,"abstract":"Since first recorded in Egypt in 2009, the tomato leafminer, Tutaa bsoluta, remains the most important biotic constraint to tomato and other solanaceous species production in Egypt and Middle East. The effect of solanaceous plant species on the biological attributes of tomato leaf miner (TLM) was studied under laboratory conditions. Results indicated that TLM females prefer tomato plants for their offspring to other tested solanaceous species. The tested host plant species had a profound and significant effect on the development of all immature stages of TLM. Data further indicated that TLM cannot complete its development on pepper in all developmental stages. The percentages of immature survival were 83.33, 86.67 and 86.67% on tomato, potato and eggplant, respectively. Longevities of TLM females reared on tomato, potato and eggplant lasted 13.75, 12.83 and 15.38 days, respectively. As for the oviposition period, the longest period was recorded on eggplant, whereas the shortest was on tomato and potato. Lifetime fecundity was the highest in TLM females reared on tomato plants at 262 eggs/female compared to 198 eggs on eggplant.","PeriodicalId":441161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Plant Protection","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114241224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of some Plant Extracts as Safe Control Means against Damping-off and Root Rot Diseases in Canola Plants","authors":"Samar S. Abdel-Hafez; M. I. Ismaiel","doi":"10.21608/japp.2021.222792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/japp.2021.222792","url":null,"abstract":"Canola damping-off diseases root rot and wilt are considerd the most serious diseases that cause considerable losses in canola yeild and quality the causal organisms were isolated from infected root sampeles identificated as Fusarium solani (Sacc), Rhizoctonia solani (Kühn) and Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht). In this study, aqueous extracts and ethanol solvent extracts of four wild medicinal plants (Moringa olifera, Ocimum basilicum, Cinnamomum camphora and Lantana camara) were evaluated in vitro and under greenhouse for protection of canola plants against root rot and wilt diseases. In vitro, all aqueous and ethanol solvent extracts significantly suppressed linear growth of F. Solani, R. solani and F. oxysporum with different degrees. Moringa olifera, was superior the mycelial growth of all tested fungi. Also, ethanol solvent was more active than aqueous extracts of all tested plants. Under greenhouse conditions, all tested extracts significantly reduced damping-off, root rot and wilt incidence compared with untreated control. Canola plants treated with Moringa olifera extracts gave the highest protection against damping-off, root rot and wilt compared to the other tested extracts. These results suggested that aqueous and ethanol solvent extracts may play an important role for controlling canola root rot and wilt diseases.","PeriodicalId":441161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Plant Protection","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114873554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-Acute Toxicity of two Herbicides Halosulfuron-methyl and Clethodim on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Male Albino Rats","authors":"Mohamed A. F. Abuzeid Alaa M. H. Khozimy","doi":"10.21608/japp.2021.222794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/japp.2021.222794","url":null,"abstract":"On male albino rats, this study has evaluated the toxicity of halosulfuron-methyl and clethodim on their hepatic, haematological, and oxidative effects. For a period of 28 days, the animals were given either halosulfuronmethyl (886 and 1773 mg/kg) or clethodim (163 and 326 mg/kg body weight) herbicides orally. As a control treatment, distilled water was used. Hematological and biochemical markers, as well as body weight gain and organ weight, were all assessed. In general, all treated rats' bodyweight gain and relative testes weight were considerably lower when compared to the control treatments. Furthermore, the relative weights of the liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen, brain, and heart were recorded at various rising levels. At the ending of the procedure, blood samples were taken. Hepatic toxicity was measured using the blood enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), whereas renal toxicity was measured using urea and creatinine. Red blood corpuscles (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and hemoglobin were tested in the liver to detect oxidative damage and monitor changes in hematological parameters. Both herbicide treatments resulted in significant increases in the levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST). In male albino rats, hematological parameters indicated considerable changes, with decreases in RBC and hemoglobin and a large rise in WBC. The findings suggest that even at subacute exposure, halosulfuron-methyl and clethodim might cause hematological parameter changes, which might be linked to the production of reactive oxygen species.","PeriodicalId":441161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Plant Protection","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126740603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dust Efficacy of Clove Buds Powder, Syzygium aromaticum Alone and in Combination with Spinosad and Abamectin against the Adults of Granary Weevil, Sitophilus granaries (L.)","authors":"Mona M. Gaber Ibrahum Abubaker","doi":"10.21608/japp.2021.222791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/japp.2021.222791","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation is conducted to evaluate the dust efficacy of clove buds powder alone and as a carrier to abamectin and spinosad insecticides against the granary weevil, Sitophilus granaries. The objectives of the research also include scanning of the effective compounds existed in the tested plant by using GC-Mass equipment and estimating the effect of the tested plant on one of the digestive enzymes, amylase of the granary weevil, S. granaries. Efficacy of clove powder was assessed on wheat at four dosages of clove powder gm/100 gm of grain wheat (corresponding to 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1%). The highest tested concentration of clove powder that is 1 gm/100 gm of wheat grains achieved 20, 78 and 100% mortality percent against adults of granary weevil after 1, 3 and 7 days post treatment, respectively. From the calculated toxicity parameters found that LC50 levels were 10.4, 0.34 and 0.23% of clove gm/100 gm of wheat grains after 1, 3 and 7 days post treatment, respectively. The lowest concentration of abamectin, which caused potentiation with clove powder was (5 ppm) and caused co-toxicity factor (32.3). The cotoxicity values increase with increasing the concentration of abamectin above 5 ppm. It was noted that, the highest tested concentration (Clove at 0.25% + 15 ppm of abamectin) achieved highest potentiation value of co-toxicity factor (144). The values of the co-toxicity factor were increased dependent on spinosad concentrations. The highest tested concentration of spinosad (140 ppm), showed a value of 108 cotoxicity when spinosad mixed with clove powder. Effects of clove powder at concentration of LC50 on amylase activity of granary weevil, S. granarius at different temperature degrees, different time (min.) of inhibition reaction and the effect of pH on amylase activity in both treated and untreated insects were illustrated. It concluded that clove powder can be used to control granary weevils alone or when mixed with insecticides, spinosad or abamectin.","PeriodicalId":441161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Plant Protection","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125613350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology, Behavior, and Biocontrol Studies on the Scarab Beetle, Maladera castanea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Infesting Strawberry Plants in Egypt","authors":"Nehal O. Swelam","doi":"10.21608/japp.2021.222795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/japp.2021.222795","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal fluctuations of the scarab beetle, Maladera castanea that infest strawberry plants in the field, were conducted during the 2019/2020 season. The obtained results revealed that the highest population of scarabs was recorded in October, April, with averages of (61.2, 57.0, beetle/trap) under field conditions, the behavior of the adult scarabs to the preferred color and the activity periods was studied. The results showed that the white color was the most preferred one for the beetles, recording 37.0±2.6 adults/hour. The adults were assumed to be night activity during the period from 06:00 pm to 12.00 midnight, where the average number of M. castanea scarabs was recorded as 226.2± 8.1 adults/trap. Drying process for three weeks showed a 100% decrease in the population, while starvation process recorded a 90% decrease, after all, 100% decrease was recorded after four weeks. Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPNs) were used on M. castanea at the laboratory, but its results showed that the third stage larvae have strong resistance to (EPNs). Under field conditions, the soil drench application of 24 cm of Lambda-Cyhalothrin 10% + 24 cm Abamectin 1.8% + 24 cm Emamectin 5% per feddan (4200 m) decreased 60% of M. castanea larvae, 3 days after treatment raised to 75 % 10 days after treatment. The hypopus of Caloglyphus audemansi mite was associated on M. castanea.","PeriodicalId":441161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Plant Protection","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134098317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of the Entomopathogenic Nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 and Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) as Biological Control Agents against the Peach Fruit Fly Bactrocera zonata Saunders (Tephritidae: Diptera)","authors":"Doaa S. N. S. Mandour","doi":"10.21608/japp.2021.234784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/japp.2021.234784","url":null,"abstract":": Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are associated with bacterial symbionts of the genus Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus , respectively. They are produced and used as biological control agents against many soil insect pests. The present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae in producing the infective juveniles and host finding effects against the full-grown larvae of Bactrocera zonata . Results indicated that the mortality percentage increased as the concentration of IJs increased. Also, H. bacteriophora was more effective at 25 than 30°C. The production rate increased as the concentration of IJs increased. H. bacteriophora was the highest reproductive strain than S. feltiae at the two tested IJs concentrations. Generally, H. bacteriophora was more effective than S . feltiae .","PeriodicalId":441161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Plant Protection","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129710107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Economic Threshold and Economic Injury Levels of Thrips tabaci on Onion Plants","authors":"A. Mohamed","doi":"10.21608/japp.2021.234786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/japp.2021.234786","url":null,"abstract":": These experiments were conducted in onion fields during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons for determining the economic damage threshold and economic injury levels of T. tabaci using marking plants technique as well as pesticide application technique. In regard to the results of marking plants, the values of economic damage threshold were ranged between 3-4 individuals/plant, during the 1 st season and 3-5 during the 2 nd season. The relatively low values were noticed during the vegetative and bulbs growth stages of onion plants. So, the Economic Injury Level (EIL) of T. tabaci on onion plants can be determined as the number of thrips follows the value of ET levels for the detected peaks ranged between 4-5 individuals/leaf during the two study seasons. As the results of pesticide application technique, the thrips mean numbers and mean yield of onion plants were correlated significantly during the two study seasons. Although, the mean yield of onion plants differed significantly according to the variation of thrips mean numbers resulted in relatively high effect (R2 = 67.367 and 67.094) for the two respective seasons. Results of chi-square analysis (rx2) indicated that the values of economic damage threshold of T. tabaci infested onion plants ranged between 6 - 8 thrips/plant, while the economic injury level ranged between 8-13 thrips/plant during the two respective seasons.","PeriodicalId":441161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Plant Protection","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129658894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Antioxidants on Tetranychus urticae (Antioxidants as a Chemical Defense on Controlling T. urticae)","authors":"Ahmed A. M. El-Adawy","doi":"10.21608/japp.2021.234781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/japp.2021.234781","url":null,"abstract":": The antioxidant salsylic acid, humic acid, and ascorbic acid were evaluated against two spotted spider mites Tetranychus urticae ( Koch). Determination of total phenol content in leaves of eggplant treated with these antioxidants at different intervals was performed. The results clearly revealed that these caused reduction in mite number. Such reduction in mites were time – dependent over 28- day exposure period to reach 88 % in case of salsylic acid – treated mites whereas the percent reduction 91 % was recorded for each of ascorbic acid – and humic acid – treated mites after 28- day exposure period. A potential elevation of total phenol content was found in leaves of eggplant- treated with salsylic acid through the last 14 – day exposure. Such increases of phenol content were found to be (1.9, 13.44 and 18.7) mg/ 100 gm after 14, 21 and 28 day of treatment compared with control value to be 5.37, 10.86 and 13.44 mg/ 100 gm at parallel intervals. The percent reduction in mites could be related to the elevation of phenol content as natural defense substances.","PeriodicalId":441161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Plant Protection","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130764243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}