Geo-Geography and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Practicing environmental data justice: From DataRescue to Data Together","authors":"Dawn Walker,&nbsp;Eric Nost,&nbsp;Aaron Lemelin,&nbsp;Rebecca Lave,&nbsp;Lindsey Dillon","doi":"10.1002/geo2.61","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Environmental Data and Governance Initiative (EDGI) formed in response to the 2016 US elections and the resulting political shifts which created widespread public concern about the future integrity of US environmental agencies and policy. As a distributed, consensus-based organisation, EDGI has worked to document, contextualise, and analyse changes to environmental data and governance practices in the US. One project EDGI has undertaken is the grassroots archiving of government environmental data sets through our involvement with the DataRescue movement. However, over the past year, our focus has shifted from saving environmental data to a broader project of rethinking the infrastructures required for community stewardship of data: Data Together. Through this project, EDGI seeks to make data more accessible and environmental decision-making more accountable through new social and technical infrastructures. The shift from DataRescue to Data Together exemplifies EDGI's ongoing attempts to put an “environmental data justice” prioritising community self-determination into practice. By drawing on environmental justice, critical GIS, critical data studies, and emerging data justice scholarship, EDGI hopes to inform our ongoing engagement in projects that seek to enact alternative futures for data stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.61","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46349231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource governance and the politics of the social: Ordering in and by socio-ecological systems","authors":"Helena Valve","doi":"10.1002/geo2.64","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.64","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In studies of natural resource governance, agency is commonly treated as a property that evolves in conditions of socio-ecological systems (SESs). While the SES framework has established its position within a multidisciplinary scholarship, it remains controversial. Critical scholars note that the social component has been left under-theorised. Yet, it is argued that once developed, the framework can provide a useful foundation for studying human–environment relations. This article critically examines such a position. Drawing from actor-network theory, it analyses the assumptions the SES framework makes about the social forms constitutive for natural resource governance. The focus is on the entities in terms of which governance and management are envisioned to evolve. The analysis shows that the descriptions of SES dynamics often treat social forms as unambiguous and a priori existing. The paper argues that the material ordering that is enacted downplays potentials of politics. Management and governance of natural resources rest on demarcations that are not supposed to be challenged. At the same time radical un-restrictedness is claimed to co-exist and to open up potentials for social learning. The promise of management enacted by the SES framework seems thus to be based on a very particular kind of fluctuation between opening up and closing down of system spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44646337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Christian climate care: Slow change, modesty and eco-theo-citizenship","authors":"Jeremy Kidwell,&nbsp;Franklin Ginn,&nbsp;Michael Northcott,&nbsp;Elizabeth Bomberg,&nbsp;Alice Hague","doi":"10.1002/geo2.59","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.59","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This qualitative study draws on in-depth interviews and documentary analysis conducted between 2014 and 2016 to investigate the nature of pro-environmental behaviour of members within the Eco-Congregation Scotland network. We argue for an integrative analytical frame, that we call “eco-theo-citizenship,” which synthesises strengths of values-, practice- and citizenship-based approaches to the study of pro-environmental behaviour within the specific context of religious environmental groups. This study finds the Eco-Congregation groups studied are not primarily issue driven, and instead have an emphasis on “community-building” activities and a concept of environmental citizenship which spans multiple political scales from local to international. Primary values emphasised included “environmental justice” and “stewardship.” Analysis of the data indicated that groups in this network are distinctive in two particular ways: (1) group focus on mobilising values and environmental concern towards “community building” can produce what looks like a more conservative approach to climate change mobilisation, preserving and working slowly within institutional structures, with a primary focus not on climate change mitigation per se but on the consolidation and development of the community and broader network; and (2) these groups can often under-report their accomplishments and the footprint of their work on the basis of a common religious conviction which we have termed a “culture of modesty.”</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42051273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site-specific modulators control how geophysical and socio-technical drivers shape land use and land cover","authors":"Mette V. Odgaard,&nbsp;Tommy Dalgaard,&nbsp;Peder K. Bøcher,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Svenning","doi":"10.1002/geo2.60","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.60","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Human utilisation of natural resources is the most important direct driver of land cover patterns in the Anthropocene. Here, we present a conceptual framework for how the effects of geophysical drivers (e.g., topography, soil, climate, and hydrology) and socio-technical drivers (e.g., technology, legal regulation, economy, and culture) on land use and land cover are shaped by site-specific modulators such as local topography and social and cultural backgrounds of individuals. The framework is demonstrated by examples from the literature, with emphasis on the north-western European lowland agricultural region. For example, a geophysical driver such as slope of the terrain constrains land use and is thereby an important driver of land covers, for example, forests. This effect of slope can vary depending on site-specific modulators such as local soil fertility, local topographic heterogeneity, and shifting human population densities. Acknowledging the importance of site-specific modulators on how geophysical and socio-technical drivers shape land use and land covers will strengthen research on human–environmental interactions – especially important with the future increase in human populations in a constant changing world.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42159179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/geo2.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.43","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137978568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind induced impacts on hypolimnetic temperature and thermal structure of Candlewood Lake (Connecticut, U.S.A.) from 1985–2015","authors":"Peter A. Siver,&nbsp;Laurence J. Marsicano,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Lott,&nbsp;Stephen Wagener,&nbsp;Nate Morris","doi":"10.1002/geo2.56","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.56","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change has affected freshwater lakes in many ways, including shifts in thermal structure, stability, ice cover, annual mixing regimes and length of the growing season, all of which impact ecosystem structure and function. We examine the impacts climate variables, especially wind speed, had on water temperature and thermal stratification at three sites in Candlewood Lake (Connecticut, U.S.A.) between 1985 and 2015. Despite the lack of regional time-related trends in air temperature or precipitation over the 31 year period, there was a significant decline in wind speed during spring and summer months, with a mean decline of 31% over the study period. Even though a wide range in mean July epilimnetic temperature (22.8–28.2°C) was observed, there was no trend over time. In contrast, a significant cooling trend was recorded for the hypolimnion that was highly correlated with the declining wind speed. Decreasing wind speed was also correlated with an increase in the strength of the thermocline estimated from maximum RTRM values. Despite the lack of a warming trend in surface waters over the entire study period, the strength of summer thermal stability estimated using total RTRM scores was highly correlated with epilimnetic temperature. The potential consequences of declining wind speed, a cooling hypolimnion, and a stronger thermocline are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46478691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marking the boundaries of stratigraphy: Is stratigraphy able and willing to define, describe and explain the Anthropocene?","authors":"Johannes-Georg Lundershausen","doi":"10.1002/geo2.55","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates the involvement of the stratigraphic community in the endeavour of defining the Anthropocene. Although much of the debate about the Anthropocene takes place outside of stratigraphy, the concept of the Anthropocene derives its distinctiveness and popularity from its geological dimension. In this context, the epistemic authority of stratigraphy is extended from ratifying geological epochs to verifying the Anthropocene more generally. The paper conceptualises this authority and examines the published stratigraphic literature to determine to what extent the stratigraphic community is able and willing to assume it. In doing so, the paper demonstrates how stratigraphy co-produces its epistemic authority in regards to the Anthropocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"100471105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoengineering at the “Edge of the World”: Exploring perceptions of ocean fertilisation through the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation","authors":"Kate Elizabeth Gannon,&nbsp;Mike Hulme","doi":"10.1002/geo2.54","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation's (HSRC) 2012 ocean fertilisation experiment introduced a controversial geoengineering technology to the First Nations village of Old Massett on the islands of Haida Gwaii in British Columbia. Local debate centred on conflicting interpretations of the potential environmental impacts of the project and on the Corporation's attempts to align its public brand with the Haida name and proud identity of environmental stewardship. More broadly, the controversy illustrated long-standing arguments about the desirability and feasibility of ocean fertilisation as a geoengineering response to the threat of anthropogenic climate change. Using the HSRC case, this paper reports a novel situated study of public perceptions of geoengineering that combines ethnographic engagement with Q-methodology. Three distinct viewpoints on ocean fertilisation are revealed, shaped by the unique confluence of social, political, cultural and environmental circumstances of Haida Gwaii. These viewpoints on ocean fertilisation reflect different ideas held by local residents about planetary limits, about the way humans attain knowledge of natural systems and about the human values of, and responsibilities toward, nature. Although the revealed viewpoints are constructed through contextually specific local meanings, they engage with debates that emerge across a range of other geoengineering technologies and which reflect contested philosophical positions visible in wider environmental management and restoration discourses. The case of ocean fertilisation off the islands of Haida Gwaii may therefore provide a useful benchmark for reflexivity in geoengineering governance. Our case study shows that engaging with the situated beliefs and values that underpin human attitudes and responses towards novel geoengineering technologies is a <i>sine qua non</i> for good governance. Even so, our results suggest such technologies will likely always be contested given the diverse ways in which people understand human relations with the non-human world.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.54","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"96850758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evacuation ahead of natural disasters: Evidence from cyclone Phailin in India and typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines","authors":"Colin Walch","doi":"10.1002/geo2.51","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Why do some people evacuate ahead of natural disasters while others do not? This paper explores the conditions under which people are likely to evacuate. It does so by contrasting a success case of evacuation before cyclone Phailin in Orissa (India), with a failed case in Tacloban, before typhoon Haiyan (the Philippines). This paper examines this striking variation by examining the importance of two main factors suggested by previous research: experience and trust. The paper argues that prior experience of natural disaster increases individual perception of risk and may lead to institutional learning, but only where the experienced disaster was traumatic. Trust between citizens and public officials is held to further increase the likelihood people will evacuate in advance of natural disasters. Evidence of these causal mechanisms is found in the empirical analysis, which is based on 41 interviews and six focused group discussions in India and the Philippines between August and November 2014.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"103874490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of livestock grazing on Anemone coronaria L. in drylands: Implications for nature conservation","authors":"Ilan Stavi,&nbsp;Shimshon Shuker,&nbsp;Daniel Barkai,&nbsp;Yaakov M. Knoll,&nbsp;Eli Zaady","doi":"10.1002/geo2.53","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grazing in nature reserves, or other sensitive lands, could affect the abundance of important plant species. In the Mediterranean basin, the <i>Anemone coronaria</i> is considered a flagship geophyte species. Studies conducted in the Mediterranean region of northern Israel showed that livestock grazing increased the abundance of <i>A. coronaria</i>. This was attributed to the consumption of other herbaceous vegetation species, resulting in better accessibility of <i>A. coronaria</i> to sunlight. Also, it was suggested that consumption of this species is limited due to its toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of livestock on the abundance of <i>A. coronaria,</i> and on specific soil properties in a dryland environment, where primary productivity is determined by water availability. A long-term study was established in the Israeli Negev, where early-, mid-, and late-season grazing treatments took place over the course of a decade, and studied over three consecutive years between 2013/2014 and 2015/2016. The study revealed that the abundance of <i>A. coronaria</i> followed the order of non-grazing (control) &gt; late-season grazing &gt; mid-season grazing &gt; early-season grazing. However, this effect was not significant (<i>p</i> = .0668). One way or another, the largest adverse impact of early-season grazing is attributed to consuming fresh and not yet toxic shoots of <i>A. coronaria</i> at that phenological stage. The soil properties were studied in summer 2016. The analysis showed a significant increase in bulk density under all of the grazing treatments compared with those in the control plots. It was concluded that, in drylands, trampling over wet soil during the growing season increases its compactability, degrading the soil-moisture status, and limiting <i>A. coronaria</i> abundance. Recommendations for nature conservation in drylands are, therefore, to negate grazing during <i>A. coronaria</i>'s early-growing season, as well as shortly after rain events when the soil moisture level is high.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"102601812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}