Geo-Geography and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Jugaad Infrastructure: Minor infrastructure and the messy aesthetics of everyday life","authors":"Ankit Kumar","doi":"10.1002/geo2.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Jugaad</i> is an Indian name for versatility and improvisation, a sensibility for improvisation, an ability for improvisation and an enabling of improvisation. This paper proposes the idea of Jugaad Infrastructure for versatile socio-material infrastructure arrangements that inhabit and thrive in the messy aesthetics of everyday life. It does so by extending the focus of infrastructure geographies from ‘big stuff’ to little devices such as solar lamps that gain significance when deployed in big numbers. The paper advances two ideas. First, it argues that <i>jugaad</i> circumvents the formal–informal boundary set by designers. By piercing this boundary, <i>jugaad</i> affords more fluid socio-material relationships involving infrastructures and their users. In so doing, <i>jugaad</i> affords versatility. Second, it develops the idea of Jugaad Infrastructure. Jugaad Infrastructure folds two things into it. First, infrastructures that are designed in ways that facilitate <i>jugaad</i>, albeit within firmly maintained boundaries and attempt to capitalise on people's aptitude for <i>jugaad</i> to take different forms, inhabit different spaces, enable different purposes and all this while somewhat retaining their shape. They are easy to maintain. This helps them travel to, function and stay in different places. In this way, small devices spread around in large numbers to become big infrastructure. Second, it represents the ensembles of fluid socio-material relationships and resources involving infrastructures and their users through which infrastructures are tailored to ‘better’ fit everyday lives and needs. Jugaad Infrastructure inhabits the liminal spaces of struggle between designers claiming <i>jugaad</i> as a limited practice that leads to stable innovations and users deploying unlimited jugaadas an everyday practice of socio-material flux. The paper is based on qualitative research conducted in India during 2012–2013, 2016 and 2017 using participant observations, discussions and interviews with users, entrepreneurs, market players and designers, in addition to documentary evidence from reports and websites.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/geo2.153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural limits to effective environmental activism: Post-neoliberal development, extractive imperative and authoritarianism in Ecuador","authors":"Murat Arsel,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pellegrini","doi":"10.1002/geo2.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the election of President Rafael Correa in the 2006 elections, Ecuadorian environmentalists became influential policymaking actors. Agenda-setting successes were followed by their decisive contribution to determining legislative content and its passing. However, the moment of alliance between environmentalists and Correa proved to be temporary. Environmentalists returned to a more adversarial posture in relation to the state and its approach to constructing a post-neoliberal development model that relied on the intensification of primary commodity extraction. Their efficacy in shaping environmental policy making and implementation declined and their activities against oil and mining extraction were met by increasingly authoritarian responses by the state. Structural constraints emerging from the global political economy of environment and development were ultimately decisive in the rise of authoritarianism and the reversal of the agenda of the environmentalists.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/geo2.150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The invisible city: The mundane biogeographies of urban microbial ecologies","authors":"Aaron Bradshaw","doi":"10.1002/geo2.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>More-than-human, multispecies and animal geographic accounts of the city have tended to focus on large, charismatic and wild organisms, to the detriment of spatially invisible other-than-humans that are central to urban reproduction. At the same time, urban microbial geographies have foregrounded embodied interactions between humans and microorganisms, whether they are symbiotic or pathogenic, often marginalising the material contributions of extracorporeal microbiomes to the urban fabric. Building from these two blindspots, this article focuses on microbial ecologies that live constitutively outside of (other-than-)human bodies and which are intimately caught up in the metabolic intensities and infrastructural environments of the urban realm. There are two key aims: (1) to explore different forms of urban microbial ecologies and (2) to examine their relationships with urban infrastructures and reproduction. My disciplinary lenses are animal geography, microbe studies and urban ecology and my case studies are focused on urban water metabolism. Thus, based on empirical fieldwork on the urban River Lea in East London and supplemented by scientific literature and technical documents, I analyse three urban microbial ecologies that correspond to the urban realms’ ‘extended microbiomes’: those involved in slow sand filtration for the treatment of drinkable water, those involved in sewage treatment via the activated sludge process and those emerging and evolving in disused urban canal infrastructure. These processes spatially manage microbial growth and modulate the distribution of different forms of microbial agency with important effects for the smooth functioning of urban water metabolism. I suggest these ecologies correspond to the ‘spaces' of microbes in the city, and characterise a mundane system of repetition and regulation. However, microbes continue to assert their agency within the spaces of urban water metabolism, create their own places and worlds and highlight a more-than-human contingency and indeterminacy at the heart of urban reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/geo2.148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smallholder livestock farming in the face of climate change: Challenges in the Raya Alamata district of Southern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Misgina Gebrehiwot,&nbsp;Berhanu Kebede,&nbsp;Hailemariam Meaza,&nbsp;Tesfayohanis Hailu,&nbsp;Kiros Assefa,&nbsp;Biadglign Demissie","doi":"10.1002/geo2.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smallholder livestock farming is a crucial component of African economies, particularly south of the Sahara, sustaining millions of farmers and bolstering food security continent-wide. Our study investigates into the effects of climate change on smallholder livestock farmers in northern Ethiopia's Raya Alamata district, investigating how farmers are adapting to evolving conditions. A field survey encompassing 177 households within three rural communities, coupled with statistical analysis, revealed that droughts strike once every three seasons, causing water and forage shortages, rangeland deterioration and a surge in livestock diseases and deaths. In seasons marked by dryness and heat, the incidence of livestock illness increased markedly, and daily milk yield per cow plummeted from 4 to 1.66 litres. In response, local farmers have transitioned from open grazing to stall-feeding, heavily dependent on costly market-bought feeds. Other significant adaptive measures include providing shelter, bathing livestock during heatwaves and practicing transhumance. To enhance resilience to these issues, we advocate for improved environmental conservation, better access to climate data and resources, better animal health care, and subsidized and readily available feed. Our research underscores the profound adversities confronting smallholder livestock farmers in northern Ethiopia due to climate change, implications that extend to food security and the economic equilibrium of the area and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/geo2.149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the role of universities at a time of climate and ecological crisis?","authors":"James G. Dyke,&nbsp;George Monbiot","doi":"10.1002/geo2.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a dialogue between a writer and an academic about the roles and responsibilities of universities with respect to the climate and ecological crisis. The discussion addressed  six priority issues: education; student protest; academic objectivity; student debt and financing; fossil fuel funding; consensus and risks. In considering these issues, the importance of interdisciplinarity was stressed. This included fostering inclusive approaches beyond natural sciences while recognising the importance of different perspectives on environmental challenges. The role of universities as a locus of social change was emphasised. An exploration of opportunities and barriers towards facilitating such perspectives within higher education was discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/geo2.146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141608003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geography and environment: New conversations, new communities","authors":"Laurie Parsons,&nbsp;Karen Bickerstaff,&nbsp;Christopher Darvill,&nbsp;Le Yu","doi":"10.1002/geo2.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this Editorial, the <i>Geo: Geography and Environment</i> Editors reflect on the journal over the past year, highlighting some of the key papers published and ‘<i>Geo</i> Themes’ being developed: ‘Decolonising Climate Geography’; ‘Climate Change, AI and Sustainability’; ‘Geographies of Energy Futures’. The Editors renew the call for submissions on these topics and put out a new call for Special Section proposals on subjects around the environment, climate and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/geo2.147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating sustainable development goals in China's education curriculum: Analysis and future directions","authors":"Xinqun Yuan,&nbsp;Le Yu","doi":"10.1002/geo2.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper analyses the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the revisions of China's primary, secondary and high school curriculum standards. Employing a word frequency analysis of SDGs-related keywords across ten disciplines, the study reveals an increasing trend in SDGs integration, particularly in Physical Education and Health, and Biology, but notes a lack of growth in the Arts discipline. Key findings include the widespread presence of SDG3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), with a notable absence of SDG5 (Gender Equality) and SDG12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). This study suggests enhancing SDGs coverage in Arts education, broadening the scope to include underrepresented SDGs and promoting a balanced integration of all SDGs across disciplines. It emphasizes the critical role of Geography Education in addressing global challenges and advocates for interdisciplinary teaching methods. The study highlights the importance of regular assessment in curriculum standards to ensure effective SDGs integration, aiming to align China's educational framework with global developmental objectives for a sustainable future.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/geo2.145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overpopulation discourse: A feminist and necropolitical approach from the Global South","authors":"Ana De Luca Zuria","doi":"10.1002/geo2.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work examines the flawed narrative linking ecological crises to overpopulation, with a focus on its impact on women in the Global South. The paper argues that this perspective enables control over women's bodies under the pretence of environmental concern, aligning with necropolitics and a new form of eugenics. It calls for a nuanced understanding of the effects of environmental crisis on women, advocating for a human-centred approach that elevates the experiences and rights of historically marginalized groups. The discussion includes a critical analysis of the Malthusian discourse, highlighting alternative views on food scarcity and the problematic nature of family planning initiatives. The paper promotes reproductive environmental justice, challenging the overpopulation narrative and underscoring the need for equitable and respectful solutions that support the rights and well-being of women in the Global South.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/geo2.144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lived environmentalisms: Everyday encounters and difference in Australia's north","authors":"Jenny Pickerill","doi":"10.1002/geo2.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper focuses on everyday encounters between environmentalists and Indigenous activists during a dispute around a proposed gas hub development in the Kimberley, NW Australia, to explore the possibilities of practising environmentalism differently. It makes visible the complexity, contestations and dilemmas of putting environmentalism into practice in particular places and calls for the specificness of how environmentalisms are negotiated and developed through encounters to be more carefully attended to. It draws on 32 face-to-face in-depth interviews conducted with activists from national Australian environmental organisations working in the Kimberley, Kimberley-based environmental groups, Kimberley Indigenous organisations, participant observations at protest camp site visits and analysis of campaign literature. Closely interrogating lived environmentalisms—how environmentalists put into practice their values in everyday encounters—reveals not only evidence of white environmentalists expanding their conceptions of the environment beyond dualisms and engaging with multispecies justice, but also a hesitancy and complexity in supporting Indigenous self-determination and a limited capacity to challenge colonial-capitalist frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/geo2.141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141069056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can political ecology be decolonised? A dialogue with Paul Robbins","authors":"Ishfaq Hussain Malik","doi":"10.1002/geo2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the intricate tapestry of environmental discourse, the field of political ecology emerges as a powerful lens through which we scrutinise the interplay of power, nature and society. This paper stages a dialogue with Paul Robbins to examine environmental justice, the decolonisation of political ecology, colonialism, sovereignty, climate change and capitalism. The dialogue challenges the conventional narratives of sovereignty and underscores the imperative of genuine decolonisation—beyond metaphorical interpretations—calling for the restitution of land and authority to Indigenous Peoples and other historically marginalised communities. The dialogue highlights the importance of moving away from capitalist systems that exacerbate environmental degradation. The dialogue calls for decolonising political ecology by including diverse perspectives, methodologies and ontologies and underlines the importance of control over productive resources. It emphasises that addressing the impacts of colonialism requires recognising and honouring the sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples and suggests that political ecology can contribute to decolonisation by focusing on sovereignty and supporting legal and institutional frameworks that empower marginalised communities. The paper discusses the way forward and the future trajectory of political ecology by suggesting that future research in political ecology should focus on diverse economies, embrace emerging technologies and rework academic institutions to value knowledge co-production.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/geo2.140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}